Articles tagged with Mathematical Modeling
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Laboratory experiments show rapid antibiotic switches can prevent resistance, with collateral-sensitive drug pairs suitable for therapy. However, environmental conditions in patients differ from labs, and natural degradation affects treatment.
A new digital twin of laser-directed energy deposition repair technology has been developed to improve industrial sustainability. The system automatically determines optimum forming conditions, reducing metal powder waste and increasing the effectiveness of the repair process.
A study published in Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy found that an individual's prior adherence behavior is a key predictor of future adherence. The research suggests interventions can move patients to adherence at any time, leading to better adherence in the future.
The São Paulo School of Advanced Science on Epidemic Preparedness will bring together researchers from various fields to discuss core tracks such as mathematical modeling, genomics, epidemiological surveillance, and public health policies. Participants will engage in simulated situation rooms and hands-on experience with leading faculty.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute developed a model to predict cryptocurrency scams using Benford's Law and found that scam addresses deviated from the law. They also advocated for robust blockchain interoperability to provide stability in decentralized systems.
A mathematical model predicts the long-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses in various patient populations, including those with healthy immune systems and cancer patients. The model suggests that robust antibody-based responses can be achieved through booster doses, but may wane quickly in immunosuppressed individuals.
A team of researchers from Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University and other institutions has identified a flexible and user-friendly model for predicting flood frequency in a changing environment. The fractional polynomial-based regression method is more effective than existing models, which often fail to account for factors like climate ...
The CNIC study reveals two distinct mechanisms by which cells detect and respond to forces of varying strength, one mediated by caveolae and the other by newly discovered dolines. This finding has significant implications for understanding pathological processes such as atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases.
A new mathematical model has found a clear trend towards mutualism in ecological interactions, with most relationships eventually leading to a mutually beneficial partnership. The researchers used adaptive dynamics and classical models of population dynamics to study the transitions between different ecological relationships.
Researchers from Brown and MIT developed a new framework that uses machine learning and sequential sampling to predict rare disasters like earthquakes and pandemics with less data. The framework, called DeepOnet, has been shown to outperform traditional modeling efforts in predicting scenarios, probabilities and timelines of rare events.
A University of Houston researcher has developed a method to describe complex systems using the least number of variables possible, reducing complexity from millions to just one. This advancement speeds up science with efficiency and ability to understand and predict natural system behavior.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Dallas have developed a computer-based platform for drug discovery using topological data analysis. The approach allows for virtual screening of thousands of compound candidates, narrowing them down to the most promising ones for laboratory and clinical testing.
UVA researchers developed a new tool to analyze genetic data, reducing noise and bias in cancer diagnosis. The tool uses mathematical modeling to identify patterns in chromatin, helping scientists detect tiny numbers of disease cells.
Researchers at Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) have developed a novel phase-change key for new hardware security. The device, known as the physical unclonable function (PUF), is scalable, energy-efficient, and secure against AI attacks compared to traditional silicon PUFs.
A new study published in Collective Intelligence journal suggests that evolutionary forces may be fueling collective tendencies to discriminate. The research recommends fostering environments where desired behavior emerges naturally through evolutionary dynamics rather than regulating against undesired outcomes.
Researchers at KAUST develop a novel multivariate skew-elliptical link model to address the challenges of highly imbalanced health data. The new model provides a better fit to COVID-19 datasets and offers flexibility over existing models.
Assistant Professor Nourridine Siewe developed a new mathematical model to assess different approaches for treating metastatic cancer. The model evaluates the interactions among immune cells and cancer, helping clinicians decide on the best treatment strategies.
Researchers found that the Eya protein regulates cell contact behavior, allowing for self-organization of epithelial cells with nurse cells. This mechanism enables complex development processes, including egg chamber formation and sperm cell development, in Drosophila.
Physicists at Ural Federal University have developed a theory regulating the solidification of iron-nickel alloys to control characteristics and improve uniformity. This technology will affect high-precision instruments like clocks, seismic sensors, and engines.
Researchers have developed a new model that combines nuclear physics and string theory to describe the transition to dense and hot quark matter in neutron star collisions. The model allows for the calculation of gravitational-wave signals, showing that both hot and cold quark matter can be produced.
A new study in PNAS suggests that the spread of COVID-19 in US counties followed a hybrid lognormal-Pareto distribution, with 99% of counts conforming to Taylor's Law and the top 1% matching the Pareto distribution with infinite variance.
Researchers from University of Colorado Boulder develop equation learning technique, WSINDy, to grasp how body rebuilds skin and accelerate wound healing. The method can apply to various phenomena in the natural world, including flocking behavior in birds.
A mathematical model suggests that social interactions between sedentary and moderately active people can stimulate higher levels of overall physical activity in a population. The model found that interacting with moderately active individuals helped sedentary populations become more physically active over time.
A new study found that increasingly complex mathematical models can produce more uncertain estimates, limiting their usefulness for informing real-world policy decisions. Researchers recommend reassessing the drive to create detailed models and suggest calculating the model's effective dimensions before adding complexity.
Researchers at the University of Technology Sydney have extended the theory of acoustic levitation to account for asymmetrical particles, which is more applicable to real-world experience. This new understanding enables precise control and sorting of tiny objects using ultrasonic waves.
A recent review article summarizes the latest developments in finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) strategies for PMSMs. FCS-MPC is a promising approach to optimize drive systems, but challenges remain, including computational complexity and parameter uncertainty.
A breakthrough computer model from Chalmers University of Technology reveals the properties of an atomic nucleus, providing insights into the strong force that governs neutron star behavior. The model predicts a surprisingly thin neutron skin, which could lead to increased understanding of heavy element creation in neutron stars.
Researchers developed computational models to identify massage businesses at risk of violating laws related to sex and labor trafficking. The models provide probability scores on the likelihood that a business is engaged in illegal activity, allowing law enforcement and organizations to prioritize investigations.
Aneurysms occur when blood vessel thins and expands, leading to increased stress on walls and rising rupture probability. The new model uses computed tomography scans to reconstruct geometry and blood flow patterns.
Mathematicians at Aston University are developing computational modelling techniques to examine biological drag reduction methods, such as fish slime secreted by predator-avoiding fish. This project aims to reduce skin-friction drag and increase the performance range of electric vehicles, contributing to a reduction in CO2 emissions.
A team of scientists from the University of Exeter has made a key breakthrough in predicting fluctuations in the rotation of the Earth and the length of the day. They used mathematical modeling to show that changes in the atmosphere can be predicted more than a year in advance, linking geodesy with climate prediction.
Physicists used machine learning to compress a complex quantum problem into four equations, capturing the physics of electrons on a lattice with high accuracy. The approach could revolutionize how scientists investigate systems containing many interacting electrons and potentially aid in designing materials with sought-after properties.
A team of scientists from Ural Federal University has developed a complex mathematical model to understand the dynamics of nanoparticles and viruses in cells. The model reveals how viruses cluster inside endosomes and interact with cellular proteins, shedding light on their behavior and replication mechanisms. This breakthrough can hel...
The new equation developed by University of Bristol scientists can be used to model accurately particle motion through porous materials like biological tissues, polymers, rocks, and sponges. This could lead to exciting advances in medical procedures, natural gas extraction, and plastic packaging production.
Xiu Yang, a 2022 NSF CAREER award recipient, is working on an algorithmic approach to model and overcome hardware errors in quantum computing. He aims to enable the technology to achieve its promise of unparalleled speed in solving complex problems.
Researchers developed a mathematical model of cilia beating due to mechanical instability caused by the cilium motor protein dynein. This knowledge will aid in understanding and treating cilia-related diseases.
Physicists at Ural Federal University developed a mathematical model to predict El Niño's behavior, accounting for wind, humidity, temperature, and ocean currents. They found that stronger winds can cause unpredictable weather phenomena.
Undergraduate students at Ohio University applied kinetic techniques learned in physical chemistry to analyze the COVID-19 spread data from the CDC. They developed a model that considers the effect of vaccination and made predictions for the following months, correctly predicting the surge in cases in Ohio.
A new mathematical framework predicts the most effective combinations of drugs to treat postmenopausal bone loss in patients. The model identifies optimal orderings that boost bone density and reduce long-term bone loss, improving treatment outcomes.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai created complex computer models of individual brain cells using artificial intelligence. These models capture the electrical signals that neurons fire to communicate with each other, allowing researchers to replicate brain activity at the single-cell level.
Researchers at Princeton University used artificial intelligence to simulate ice formation by individual atoms and molecules with quantum accuracy. This breakthrough enables tracking of hundreds of thousands of atoms over longer timespans than previous simulations.
The researchers developed a versatile model that takes into account factors such as infection rates, mortality, and recovery. They found that limiting contacts through quarantine is effective in reducing disease incidence and suppressing the virus.
Researchers at University of Bristol developed mathematical models to assess biomarkers for detecting glioblastomas, a type of brain cancer. The study found that lowering the current biomarker threshold could lead to earlier detection using blood tests.
Research suggests that persistent viral infections within hosts can lead to long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. The study found that systemic infection and compromised immunity are key factors enabling persistent infection.
KAUST researchers have developed a new method to simulate viscous liquids up to 15 times faster than the current state of the art. This breakthrough enables faster simulations for industrial processes, medical devices, computer graphics, and visual simulations.
The team is creating a virtual gut system to test chemical reactions and networks, which will help identify the best treatments for obesity. The MATOMIC project aims to develop mathematical models that can simulate the intestinal microbiome at an atomic level.
Researchers at Ural Federal University developed a mathematical model explaining anomalous behavior in melts, which can lead to creating materials with specific properties. The model accounts for nucleation and crystal growth, reducing supercooling and narrowing the two-phase layer.
Researchers at UNSW Medicine & Health unveil a simple mathematical model predicting DNA hybridization rates based on nucleating interactions. The discovery has the potential to improve understanding of biological systems and refine nanotechnologies.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center used mathematical modeling to study the impact of tumor size, immune cell populations, and interactions on cancer treatment outcomes. The models predicted optimal therapeutic approaches for different types of therapies, including cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapies.
Research suggests that climate change is causing dryland mechanisms to affect temperate regions, leading to changes in vegetation distribution and ecosystem processes. The study predicts that by the end of the century, an estimated 17 million km2 of non-dryland areas will experience average topsoil temperatures above 40°C.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to predict the efficiency of nanoparticle delivery into cells, particularly in stem cells. They found that nanoparticles become trapped in bubble-like vesicles, preventing them from reaching their targets.
Researchers have discovered that resistivity can cause instabilities in plasma edge, making it more stable when included in models. The study aims to design systems for future fusion facilities with improved plasma stability.
A new general theory describes how temperature affects living things at all scales, predicting patterns in metabolism, growth rate, and mortality rate. The model combines elements lacking in earlier attempts, providing a universal framework for understanding temperature's impact on biology.
A team of scientists discovered a mathematical principle explaining how cells connect to form tissues and organs, shedding light on embryonic development and organ formation. The study found that epithelial cells can adopt complex three-dimensional shapes like scutoids, which determine cellular connectivity and tissue properties.
Researchers developed a nomogram to predict anal cancer risk in persons with HIV infection, highlighting increased risk among those living with the virus. The model estimates quantitative risk based on patient characteristics, informing screening decisions.
Researchers at Texas A&M University are developing mathematical models to predict and control cellular differentiation. They created a technique using mix-and-read assays, which allow for the detection of key signaling proteins in live tissues. This method enables researchers to gain a deeper understanding of how cells make decisions.
New research suggests that stalling improvements in cardiovascular diseases since 2010 could lead to significant economic costs. The study finds that reduced cardiovascular disease rates would result in £13 billion NHS healthcare costs, £1.5 billion social care costs, and £32 billion lost QALYs between 2020-2029.
An international research team applied a new dynamical model and exceptional historical data to examine major explanations for cultural complexity evolution. The study found little support for many influential theories, including the transition to agriculture and conflict theories.
A mathematical modelling study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases estimates that COVID-19 vaccines have prevented approximately 19.8 million deaths worldwide in the first year of the vaccination program, a reduction of 63%. This represents nearly 80% of potential deaths that would have occurred without vaccination.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to predict COVID-19 transmission in train carriages, finding that risk is constant regardless of location and that masks are more effective than social distancing in reducing transmission. The study highlights the importance of improving ventilation systems on trains to keep passengers safe.