Articles tagged with Systems Biology
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A team of scientists has discovered a mechanism by which beneficial bacteria reside and thrive in the gastrointestinal tract. By understanding how these microbes colonize, they may be able to correct abnormal changes in bacterial communities linked to disorders like obesity and inflammatory bowel disease.
A new image-guided surgical system uses steerable needles to penetrate the brain and remove blood clots with minimal damage. The system has shown promising results in removing up to 92% of simulated blood clots, offering a new treatment option for patients with life-threatening hemorrhages.
Scientists have developed lab-born human tissue structures to study and treat tumor growth, offering a more accurate alternative to animal testing. The new method uses biochemistry and cell types to replicate human conditions, paving the way for personalized medicine.
A recent study by UK and Canadian researchers found that reducing patient drug co-payments can lead to improved hypertension control and treatment adherence in countries without universal healthcare. The authors suggest minimizing medication co-payments as a way to improve outcomes for high blood pressure patients worldwide.
Researchers create a method to convert conventional microscopes into high-resolution imaging systems that outperform standard microscopes. The new system combines the field-of-view advantage of a 2X lens with the resolution advantage of a 20X lens, producing images with 100 times more information.
Researchers created a new technique for creating biomolecular gradients using semiconductor materials, allowing scientists to monitor molecular behavior and interactions. The technique creates surface characteristics that enable monitoring of other aspects of molecular interaction.
A recent study suggests that forced-air patient warming systems may affect airflow in operating rooms, potentially increasing exposure to bacteria and other contaminants during surgery. Conductive warming systems, on the other hand, do not disrupt ventilation airflows over the surgical site.
A survey of US physicians found that they generally agree on quality initiatives to reduce costs but express less enthusiasm for payment model changes. Most believed trial lawyers and patients have a significant role in reducing costs, while practicing physicians reported having limited responsibility. Physicians were enthusiastic abou...
A new low-cost method of in-vitro fertilization developed at the University of Colorado Boulder showed successful human clinical trials in Belgium, suggesting infertility care may be universally accessible. The simplified laboratory system, estimated to cost between $250, performed roughly the same as conventional IVF programs.
A scientist is working to bolster the body's natural antioxidant system to interrupt a vicious cycle of inflammation and free radicals that cause vision loss in diabetes. The goal is to use a selenium supplement to improve the thioredoxin system, which helps neutralize excess free radicals.
Scientists identify glymphatic system as a potentially powerful tool for treating neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease. The system is responsible for removing waste from the brain, and its dysfunction may contribute to these conditions.
Patients with Type 2 diabetes who start on three medications at diagnosis have better glucose control with lower hemoglobin A1c levels and fewer hypoglycemic events compared to conventional therapy. The triple-therapy regimen also promotes weight loss and preserves beta cell function.
A study by MassGeneral Hospital for Children found that pediatric practices can effectively implement a smoking cessation program for parents, reaching nearly half of smoking parents. The program, CEASE, was trained in 20 practices and resulted in significant increases in tobacco control assistance and physician referrals.
A study by the American College of Emergency Physicians found that electronic medical records (EDIS) can improve healthcare quality, but also present significant safety threats. The authors recommend seven key improvements to mitigate these risks and ensure safer EDIS implementation.
The new SPECT/MR system offers exceptional molecular imaging capabilities, reducing patient exposure to ionizing radiation and offering customized multifunctional imaging. It has the potential to diversify options for clinicians and biomedical investigators, with possible human trials in the near future.
Researchers have found that visually impaired individuals and those with uncorrected refractive error are more likely to experience diminished balance when their eyes are closed. The study suggests that vision plays a crucial role in calibrating the vestibular system, which helps maintain physical balance.
Using proper child safety restraint systems decreases mortality and serious injury rates in motor vehicle crashes. Booster seats minimize abdominal injuries, and rear-facing seats should be used until at least 2 years old or 20 pounds.
The HERCULES Center at Emory University will investigate the impact of environmental exposures on human health. The center, funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, aims to promote a holistic understanding of the human exposome and its effects on complex disorders such as autism, asthma, and Alzheimer's disease.
A new set of guidelines aims to cut medication errors with anticoagulants, which account for nearly 7% of hospital errors. The guidelines recommend a multidisciplinary team approach, patient education, and standardized dosing protocols to reduce errors by up to 78%.
Researchers found that pro-factor D, a protein secreted by fat cells in the knee joint, is linked to rheumatoid arthritis. The discovery could lead to new gene therapies to eliminate the protein and prevent disease progression.
A new review of malpractice claims suggests efforts needed to reduce errors leading to claims. The largest payouts were for diagnosis-related events, which showed twice the odds of a catastrophic payout compared to equipment- or product-related errors.
The Mayo Clinic has created an institution-wide electronic warning system to identify patients at risk of premature death due to prolonged QT intervals. The system alerts physicians when a patient's ECG shows an abnormal heart rhythm, and has been shown to reduce mortality rates by nearly four times.
Researchers developed a portable tracking system to monitor pitchers' scapulo-humeral rhythm, detecting subtle changes in joint movement. The study found that 23% of pitchers showed persistent deterioration in the scapulo-humeral rhythm, highlighting the need for targeted strengthening exercises and physical therapy.
A new study found that patients with surgical complications generate higher profit margins for hospitals than those without complications. For privately insured patients, this translates to a 330% higher margin, while Medicare patients see a 190% increase.
While computer-based decision support systems can help reduce testing costs by 9%, they are unlikely to overcome the root causes of unnecessary medical testing and cultural issues within the healthcare system.
Researchers developed a website to recruit potential subjects for a clinical pain trial, offering multiple methods for attracting and interacting with participants. The site contains prescreening questionnaires, informational videos, and allows study coordinators to view accrued applicant information.
Scientists use AwakeSPECT to study Alzheimer's, dementia, and Parkinson's disease by acquiring functional images of conscious mouse brains. The system, developed at Jefferson Lab, tracks movement and removes motion artifacts, providing detailed brain chemistry changes.
A team of researchers has developed a verification method to detect software bugs in surgical robots, ensuring their safety and effectiveness. The method, based on theorem-proving techniques, identified a critical flaw in the control algorithm for a robot assisting skull-base surgery, allowing the development of a new safe algorithm.
The Office of Naval Research has launched a collaborative initiative to use synthetic cells to help Sailors and Marines execute their missions. Researchers are developing genetically programmed cells that can detect chemicals and respond to signals, enabling the creation of 'smart' hybrid biological-robotic systems.
The new system uses micro-robotics to provide surgeons with a better view of bladder tumors, allowing for more accurate diagnoses and easier tumor removal. The device can operate in challenging environments and has been shown to have sub-millimeter precision.
A new study from Boston University School of Medicine identified significant problems with laboratory test naming conventions, leading to increased medical costs and delayed diagnosis. Researchers propose using search engine-like technologies to guide clinicians towards the most appropriate tests, improving patient safety and outcomes.
A new roadmap for robotics aims to maximize progress in the next decade. Robots have the potential to bring manufacturing jobs back to the US, improve logistics and reduce delivery costs, and make first responders safer.
Physician experts suggest adopting a 'user-led' innovation strategy, which prioritizes clinician and patient input, to rapidly address healthcare issues. This approach involves clinicians identifying problems, developing solutions, and testing them on a small scale before scaling up with feedback from patients.
A new report from The Hastings Center highlights the need to integrate undocumented immigrants into the US healthcare system, as they lack insurance and are ineligible for most federal programs. The report recommends addressing this issue in immigration reform proposals to improve population health, particularly among children and Hisp...
Researchers from U of T and SickKids Research Institute have successfully mapped the genome of the Ophiostoma ulmi fungus that causes Dutch Elm Disease, a devastating elm tree disease. The findings aim to help scientists develop strategies to prevent the fungus from destroying elm trees.
A large nationwide study found that female doctors' patients do not use health-care services more frequently than those treated by male doctors, contradicting previous investigations. The study suggests focusing on factors like smoking and diet to influence health-care utilization and mortality.
The March 2013 issue of Genetics journal highlights several key findings, including a study on oocyte-expressed genes that support early cloned embryo development and the role of cytoskeletal proteins in controlling clone quality. Additionally, research on self-incompatibility genes in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals the structural and fu...
Researchers at UT Arlington are developing individualized rehabilitation software systems that use remote monitoring of people with rheumatoid arthritis to increase compliance and proper physical therapy. The system collects physiological and cognitive data while engaging patients in interactive game-like structured activities.
People of high socioeconomic status are more likely to receive appointment offers and prioritized access to primary care, even in a single-payer universal health insurance system. Researchers found that physicians' offices discriminate against those with low socioeconomic status, despite equal reimbursement for each patient.
A new system using Kinect technology and Azure connectivity can replace expensive telemedicine systems, reducing hospital-acquired infections and patient transport costs. The system uses low-bandwidth connections and can be used in areas with unreliable internet, making it a powerful tool for remote communities.
Researchers developed a system to artificially simulate natural complex interactions between proteins that regulate genes, allowing for precise control over gene activation. This breakthrough enables scientists to better understand human gene regulation and develop new gene-based therapies.
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have discovered a sirtuin protein that can reverse age-related degeneration in mice by rejuvenating aged blood stem cells. The study provides new hope for targeted treatments for age-related diseases and opens up possibilities for a 'molecular fountain of youth'.
Researchers found that patients' severity of illness is not always strongly associated with their likelihood of being admitted to the ICU. Electronic health records can calculate which patient has the highest risk of death, providing a powerful tool to efficiently use scarce and costly health resources.
A new study by UAlberta researcher Trish Reay suggests that Primary Care Networks can thrive with strong leadership, redefined workspaces, and creative discord. The PCN model allows physicians to practice medicine in a team-based approach, improving patient care and doctor satisfaction.
Researchers found that patients view physicians who use decision aids as less capable and may assign them responsibility for negative health outcomes when using CDSSs. To mitigate this, healthcare providers can incorporate decision aids to engage patients and facilitate understanding of diagnoses.
A new study by De Montfort University reveals worrying inconsistencies in how NHS hospital trusts in England define and report surgical site infections. The findings suggest that published rates do not accurately reflect the true scale of surgical infections, highlighting the need for improved data collection and reporting systems.
Researchers developed an imaging system enclosed in a capsule about the size of a multivitamin pill that creates detailed, microscopic images of the esophageal wall. The system has several advantages over traditional endoscopy and reveals subsurface structures not easily seen with endoscopy.
Researchers developed a system using depth-sensing cameras and algorithms to recognize hand gestures as commands for medical image manipulation. The system reduced false positives from 20.8% to 2.3% and achieved a mean accuracy of 93%, improving surgery efficiency and reducing infection risk.
Scientists at the University of Manchester have developed a camera that takes powerful three-dimensional colour X-ray images, enabling rapid detection of contraband, corrosion, and cancer. The technology uses hyperspectral imaging to identify chemicals and compounds within large objects, reducing scanning time by minutes.
A study by Harvard Medical School researchers found that physicians spend an average of 11% of their career waiting for malpractice claim resolution. Neurosurgeons face the longest delays, with open claims lasting nearly 27% of their careers.
A team of UCSB researchers has identified changes in cellular metabolism as the triggering factor for Type 2 diabetes. By studying the four types of components that make up cells, they found a 'tipping point' where metabolic threshold is crossed, leading to beta cell failure and insulin regulation issues.
Scientists have developed two novel model systems for human corneal endothelium, enabling reliable study of HCEnC cells in health and disease. The new model systems, HCENC-21 and HCEnC-21T, mimic the critical characteristics and functionalities of the tissue in the eye.
Researchers estimate that 80,000 never events occurred in American hospitals between 1990 and 2010, including leaving foreign objects inside patients. The study highlights the need for better patient safety procedures and public reporting of mistakes to prevent these errors from happening.
Socrates Analytics provides a cloud-based software program that collects, standardizes, analyzes, and reports on disparate hospital billing, administrative, and operating room data. This enables hospitals to interpret complex administrative data, view trends, outliers, and variability in care processes, ultimately improving efficiency ...
The sixth SystemsX.ch tender approved 15 projects with CHF 60 million available, focusing on biological processes and medical applications. Switzerland reiterates its pioneering role in systems biology through collaborations between researchers from various institutions and companies.
A study found that adding a personal digital assistant and telephone coaching to a standard weight loss program significantly enhanced short-term weight loss outcomes. Participants in the intervention group lost an average of 3.9 kg more than those in the control group at each weigh-in, with notable improvements at three and six months.
A study of 62 attending physicians found that shorter inpatient rotations did not increase unplanned patient revisits but led to lower scores on evaluations by trainees and medical students. The shorter rotation also resulted in reduced reports of burnout severity and emotional exhaustion among attending physicians.
A series of studies by Intermountain Healthcare's Oncology Clinical Program shows that improving care across a large hospital system is possible through standardized care. Key findings include reduced mastectomies and lymph node removals in breast cancer patients, indicating a more consistent approach to treatment.
A study by Oregon State University researchers found that young surgical residents made major mistakes nearly half the time during simulated gall bladder removals due to distractions in the operating room. The analysis showed that young surgeons, particularly those in the afternoon, struggled with interruptions and conversations.
A new framework is proposed to guide career direction in health systems improvement, a term encompassing management, research, and public policy. The authors suggest that trainees consider reflecting on their preferences, identifying core areas of focus, and exploring additional formal training options.