Articles tagged with Microbial Ecology
A new study by Graz University of Technology reveals that domesticated apple crops have inherited microbiomes similar to their wild ancestors, providing a basis for developing more resilient and healthy crops. The research also suggests that targeted introduction of microorganisms could increase plant resistance to climate change.
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill and UC Davis have discovered how the soil bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses copper to produce fluopsin C, a broad-spectrum antibiotic. This finding could lead to new treatments for infections caused by this pathogenic bacterium.
A recent study published in ISME Communications reveals that microbial community composition is key to forming and persisting soil organic matter (SOM), which acts as a significant carbon sink. Different microbial communities shape SOM's properties, including its ability to withstand warming temperatures.
An international research team discovered that intestinal bacteria can distribute their metabolic products throughout the body via the bloodstream using membrane vesicles. The study found that these vesicles can overcome the blood-brain barrier and enter brain cells, suggesting a new method for delivering drugs or vaccines.
Researchers found that bacterial communities in streams adjacent to young secondary forests recover to resemble those of mature forest streams within a decade after cattle is removed from the land. This study provides hope for restoring water quality through passive reforestation, which can be crucial for human health and the environment.
Researchers found that the 2013-2015 heatwave known as 'the Blob' reduced the Pacific Ocean's ability to absorb carbon dioxide, leading to a decrease in its role as a carbon sink. Microbial communities responded by shifting towards more nutrient-limited conditions, hindering the ocean's biological pump.
Researchers from the University of Oklahoma are leading a global study to understand the impact of increased nutrients on soil microbial biodiversity and ecosystem functions in grasslands worldwide. The project aims to develop new mathematical models to predict how nutrient changes affect soil microbe diversity and functions.
Researchers identified a bacterium on healthy cats that produces antibiotics against severe skin infections in humans and pets. The discovery may lead to new treatments for MRSP infections in dogs and potentially other inflammatory skin diseases.
Researchers found that microbes' growth rate decreased over 15 years of warming, and a loss of soil carbon may be responsible for the slowdown. Rare bacterial taxa were among the fastest growers, highlighting the importance of considering different organisms' responses.
A study found that climate change will alter functioning of marine microbial communities, with plankton at the poles being particularly badly damaged by rising temperatures. In temperate zones, they'll suffer from reduced nutrient flows, while in the tropics, increased salinity will affect them.
The University of Idaho's Deep Soil Ecotron facility will be a game-changer for understanding soil ecosystems, allowing researchers to conduct experiments at unprecedented depths. By studying deep soils, scientists can better understand how organisms respond to global environmental change and improve carbon sequestration.
Researchers discovered that oral TM7 bacteria decreased periodontal inflammation and bone loss in a mouse model by altering the behavior of their host bacteria. They found two mechanisms by which TM7 modulate inflammation: decreasing production of a collagen binding protein and disrupting host bacterial metabolism.
The Verrucomicrobiota group of bacteria plays a crucial role in degrading polysaccharides released by algae during spring blooms in the North Sea. These specialized bacteria consume hard-to-degrade sugars, including those containing sulfate and fucose, using unique pathways and organelle-like structures to avoid toxic compounds.
The Deep Soil Ecotron will enable scientists to conduct experiments on columns of soil up to three meters deep, improving understanding of how deep soil organisms react to unprecedented conditions and sequester carbon. The facility will also be used to develop sensors to monitor deep soils in the field.
A new study predicts that climate change will cause a sudden shift in algae distribution pole-wards over the next 100 years, affecting marine ecosystems. The UK is among the areas most likely to be severely impacted due to its warm waters, with changes potentially occurring before previously thought.
Scientists found that rain-borne microbes can successfully colonize plants' aboveground microbial communities, protecting them from stressors. The study suggests that rain is a potentially important reservoir for phyllosphere bacteria, which could be used to improve plant health.
Researchers collected over 300 samples from the seafloor to study biodiversity, mineral makeup, and ecological effects of toxic waste dumping. They discovered a new area of methane seepage and a whale fall, providing insights into the impact of human actions on deep-sea ecosystems.
Researchers at Rice University are developing novel computational approaches to track environmental microbiome dynamics over time, across species and after perturbations. The team will use biofilm-based 'species abundance networks' on scaffolds to observe how they form their own genome-exchange networks.
A new study by Ohio State University provides the most accurate estimates of microcystin toxins in Lake Erie's western basin, revealing fluctuating concentrations over short distances. The research emphasizes the importance of frequent data collection to improve water safety and forecasting for the lake's estimated 11 million people.
Scientists from Bigelow Laboratory discovered microorganisms in crustal rock beneath the Atlantic Ocean, using a new method to study them. The findings show that these microbes survive mostly off carbon from seawater, with some possibly using carbon monoxide for energy.
Researchers at Newcastle University have discovered new nutrient exchanges between algae and bacteria using advanced SIMS technique. The study shows that long-term carbon transfers occur between microalgae and bacteria, impacting microbial community functioning.
Research from San Diego State University models show that high microbial fluctuations in soil lead to higher carbon emissions. By reducing fluctuation, land stewards can lower emissions and sustain soil fertility.
Researchers have found that pathogenic soil microbes impede seedling emergence and subsequent growth in the centre of spinifex rings. The study suggests that older parts of the plant succumb to a build-up of these microbes, while new seedlings establish at the outside edge of the rings.
Microbial communities in Alpine soils under threat as global temperatures rise due to climate change. Early spring snowmelt disrupts seasonal transitions, impacting biogeochemical cycles and winter ecosystem functioning.
A multidisciplinary team at Colorado State University has received a $1 million award to study rare sugars found in soil, challenging historical biochemical principles and exploring vital questions about microbes. The research could lead to breakthroughs in disease research or new developments in the food and beverage industry.
Researchers successfully tracked and sampled a moving microbial community using a trio of self-driving robots in an open-ocean eddy. The study reveals key insights into the behavior of phytoplankton biomass in these dynamic environments.
A team of microbes in kefir works together to survive and thrive, each providing something another needs. The dominant Lactobacillus bacteria feed on each other's metabolites to create a complex and cooperative community.
A new species of endemic centipede, Cryptops speleorex, has been discovered in Movile Cave, Romania, with a length of 46-52 mm. The creature is the largest known inhabitant of the cave and boasts venomous predation skills.
A UC Davis Health study reveals that the colon lining releases hydrogen peroxide to limit microbial growth, providing a natural filter for the gut microbiota. This finding suggests a new treatment approach for gut inflammation and dysbiosis, shifting focus from targeting bacteria to fixing habitat filters and restoring host functionality.
The BIOS-SCOPE program will continue its research into the microbial ecology of the Sargasso Sea, leveraging over 30 years of data from BATS and other sources. The program brings together researchers from different backgrounds using systems biology, genomics, and marine chemistry to study organic matter cycling and microbial interactions.
Researchers found that infant gut microbial ecosystems develop unique patterns of stability, with changes influenced by diet and antibiotic exposure. The study used genomic tools to analyze massive amounts of genetic data and identified individual strains within single species of the gut microbiome.
A new experiment reveals that fungal endophytes, which live inside plants, play a key role in invasion success and invasional meltdown in multi-species communities. The study found that alien species share fewer soil microbes with each other than with native species, making them less negatively affected by each other.
A recent study published in AGU Advances reveals that warming peatlands can lead to a rapid release of stored carbon into the atmosphere. The researchers found that even modest temperature increases can trigger significant microbial processes, resulting in faster-than-historical carbon loss rates.
New research suggests that as Earth warms, natural ecosystems like freshwaters will release more methane than predicted. The study attributes this difference to changes in microbial communities within ecosystems regulating methane emissions.
The June 2020 issue of Journal of Dental Research explores the latest research on the oral microbiome, highlighting rapid progress in understanding its dynamics. The papers cover topics such as analyzing microbial communities, cultivating species, and their connections to oral health conditions like cancer and diabetes.
Researchers found that surface runoff alters microbial communities in cave pools, with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria replaced by human contaminants during heavy rains. The study highlights the impact of surface pollution on groundwater sources and cave ecosystems.
A new thermodynamic model predicts the minimum energy requirements for microbial communities to live, providing evidence that experimental data can be used to estimate energy requirements of microbial pathways. The study also introduces a generalisable platform for modelling biochemical conversions mediated by microbes.
Deep-sea mining disturbs seabed ecosystems, affecting microorganisms and their biogeochemical functions for extended periods. The study found that even after 26 years, disturbance effects persisted, highlighting the need for sustainable technologies to avoid removing densely populated surface layers.
Research at MIT found that transient invaders can lead to a rapid takeover of the ecosystem, but then disappear. This phenomenon occurs when the invader's growth produces metabolic byproducts that raise the pH, making the environment less hospitable for itself and other species.
A team of researchers studied microbial communities in the Cuatro Cienegas Basin, a nutrient-poor ecosystem that may resemble early Earth and past Martian wetlands. They found that organisms in these environments have evolved to process biochemical information efficiently, with species adapted to low-resource strategies dominating nutr...
A Yale-NUS research team discovered a connection between the Great Barrier Reef and the Australian continental landmass via airborne microbes. This finding underscores the interconnectedness of ecosystems, necessitating holistic conservation efforts.
Researchers at the University of Illinois constructed synthetic microbial communities to study their dynamics and predict behavior. The study found that increasing variability in microbial interactions drives community structure, and that characterizing this variation can empower predictions of ecosystem succession.
A study reveals that microbial communities in reproductive tracts of males and females can impact fertility, behavior, and evolution. These microbiomes may also influence mate choice, sexual health, and the origin of new species.
Crop residues serve as a key microbial ecosystem, contributing to both crop health and disease susceptibility. The microbiomes of crop residues may play a crucial role in innovative disease management strategies.
The study uses mathematical models to predict metabolites generated by microbial species within the gut, revealing a four-level trophic organization. The findings suggest that species composition changes along the gut, with bacteria near the end forming the lowest trophic level.
Researchers from Drexel University have developed a method to analyze RNA codes that can reveal how groups of microbes operate. The new approach, called 'themetagenomics,' identifies recurring patterns indicating co-occurring groups of microbes, allowing for better understanding of their functions and potential health implications.
A new study by University of California, Berkeley, identified a core microbiome in commercial tomatoes that is robust and stable. The researchers used experimental evolution to select for microbes that best survived on the plants, resulting in a healthy plant microbiome.
The Marine Biological Laboratory team has used innovative microscopy to reveal the structure of microbial communities coating microplastic samples from various ocean sites. These biofilms can influence the microplastics' fate and interact with other organisms, posing a threat to marine survival.
A new coral disease has been found to alter the community of microbes on host corals, and measuring these changes may be a useful tool for monitoring coral health. The disease, known as 'grey-patch disease', was characterized by the growth of cyanobacteria, forming a biofilm that overgrew live coral tissue.
A recent study found that fumigants used to control nematodes in potato cropping systems have very minor effects on soil microbial communities. The research suggested that the average efficacy of these pesticides was estimated at 98% across all nematodes studied.
Researchers found that infants with stable, large bacterial clusters had improved respiratory health. The study's findings suggest that early-life interventions could prevent respiratory infections by shaping microbial communities across the body.
Researchers aim to understand how microorganisms respond to drought, potentially shedding light on adapting to climate change. Studying the microbiome of dead plant matter in Southern California fields, they found that certain bacteria and fungi shift composition in response to moisture deprivation.
A University of Oklahoma team has developed a mathematical framework for quantitatively assessing ecological diversity in dynamic communities. The framework, which considers both deterministic and stochastic forces, provides a robust tool for ecologists to evaluate the relative contribution of these forces.
A new type of therapeutic food targeting gut microbes proves superior to standard treatment in an initial clinical trial. The food, containing chickpea, soy, bananas and peanuts, restored healthy growth and gut microbial communities in malnourished children.
Researchers observed increased methanogenesis genes at upper layers of warming permafrost, while carbohydrate metabolism genes were more abundant at shallower depths. This study provides insight into tundra microbial responses to experimental warming.
A new study found that microbial communities in Alaskan soil respond rapidly to warming, leading to increased methane and carbon dioxide production. Microbial species and genes involved in these processes became more abundant with warmer conditions.
A new computational modeling method, MTV-LMM, predicts how the gut microbiome will change over time by analyzing snapshots of microbes found in a person's gut. This could lead to better diagnosis and treatment of diseases, as well as insights into other types of temporal microbiome processes.
A new study uses machine learning to identify bat species with the potential to host Nipah virus, focusing on India. Four new bat species are flagged as surveillance priorities, and their predictions aim to guide surveillance and prevent deadly outbreaks.
Assistant professor Bala Chaudhary's research aims to understand how symbiotic plant microbes disperse at large continental scales. The project will use data from the National Ecological Observatory Network and analyze soil samples using DNA sequencing to determine eco-climatic predictors of mycorrhizal communities.
Researchers discovered that bacteria in coral reef waters change dramatically at night, and then return to the same daytime community the next morning. A group of microbes called Psychrobacter appears to be leading the way, dominating the marine microbial community during the day and being a hundred times more abundant at night.