Articles tagged with Databases
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at HortResearch have completed public release of world's most extensive apple DNA sequences, unlocking secrets of taste, health and color. The release comprises over 50,000 apple gene sequences, enabling fruit breeders to create new varieties tailored to consumer tastes and industry demand.
A study found that 16% of adults in the US have overactive bladder (OAB), but only 1 in 25 suffers actually seeks medical attention. OAB is under-reported in research due to feelings of embarrassment and negative social stigma, leading to a large unmet medical need.
John Wieczorek receives Ebbe Nielsen Prize for his work on integrating biosystematics and biodiversity informatics research. He will use the prize to expand projects in North America and beyond.
The VBI Microbial Database provides genome sequence and annotation data for two major plant pathogens, Phytophthora sojae and Phytophthora ramorum. The database offers powerful analytical tools and community annotation features to facilitate research on these pathogens.
The NIST Structural Database has been upgraded to improve the quality of its crystal structure data, ensuring accurate results for materials analysis. The database now includes standardized data and additional fields for enhanced analysis capabilities.
The new ACM report outlines best practices for managing voter registration databases to prevent hacking attacks, massive failures, severe privacy violations, and erosion of confidence. The guidelines aim to ensure the reliability and usability of voter databases by adopting transparent policies, setting clear accountabilities, establis...
A new high-performance computing institute will enable researchers to analyze large biological databases in minutes, expanding the field of computational biology. The Microsoft-funded institute will focus on developing new software and applications for bioinformatics.
The rhesus macaque genome shares about 92-95% of its sequence with humans and 98% with chimpanzees, making it an ideal reference point for comparisons among the three closely related primates. The available genome sequence will facilitate studies in human disease research, vaccine development, and comparative genomic analysis.
Elsevier celebrates its 1,000th journal with the adoption of online submission and peer-review tool EES. The rollout has significantly reduced refereeing times and completed editorial processes by an average of 9 weeks. This development enhances the work of editors and reviewers, improving service for authors and readers.
DrugBank is the world's largest database on drugs and drug targets, providing detailed information on over 3000 drug targets and 4100 approved or experimental drugs. The database supports advanced searches and queries for biologists and chemists, enabling them to discover new drug leads.
The NIST Mass Spectra Library has been upgraded with approximately 20,000 new spectra, increasing the total number of compounds to over 163,000. The new library includes gas-phase retention index data for volatile organic compounds and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra.
MIRIAM is a voluntary code of conduct that standardizes computer models of life, providing reference correspondence and annotation schemes to improve searchability and usability. By adopting MIRIAM, model repositories can ensure quality control and facilitate collaboration among researchers.
Evidence-based research and innovative initiatives can safeguard sex workers' lives. Peer education, condom-negotiating skills training, and occupational health guidelines are proven interventions that can benefit sex workers.
The interactive 3D atlas provides highly accurate anatomical templates for researchers to map metabolically active brain regions and genetic expressions. The database contains 20 segmented structures from 10 adult male mice, including variability across the strain.
A new study revisits DNA barcoding for species identification and discovery, finding it performs well in highly characterized groups but error-prone for novel species. A comprehensive database of over 2,000 cowrie COI sequences reveals the need for refinement and collaboration with taxonomists.
A study found significant differences in genetic effects between Chinese and non-Chinese studies on gene-disease associations. The researchers identified 161 Chinese studies on 12 topics, but only 20 were indexed in PubMed. This bias may lead to skewed evidence depending on language and publication sources.
A three-year initiative uncovers Gladstone's personal library at St Deiniol's Library in North Wales. The researchers will examine annotations, bookplates, and handwriting to identify volumes owned by Gladstone himself, providing new insights into his political, cultural, and social attitudes.
Researchers used a fast and low-cost computational tool to predict haplotypes from the world's largest genotypes database. The study provides valuable insights into human genetic variation, enabling faster computation of haplotypes and improving disease research.
A $2.25 million NSF grant will enhance MorphBank, a morphology database, to facilitate international collaboration and improve image retrieval with advanced search techniques. The system aims to change scientist habits by providing a platform for depositing images, commenting on research results, and accessing relevant information.
The Purdue method enables companies to reuse previous designs, reducing redundancy and streamlining supply chains. The system uses a benchmarking database and process to evaluate search performance, allowing users to fine-tune their searches by changing the sketch.
Archaeologists at Silchester are using a Virtual Research Environment (VRE) to digitize their findings and facilitate collaboration with researchers worldwide. The project aims to reduce the time spent on digitization and enable easier comparison of data across different databases.
The CLEF repository provides a platform for researchers to access and analyze large-scale patient records, using techniques to extract relevant information from text. This will lead to faster, better or different research in the field of cancer treatment and care management.
A team from Cornell is surveying Mississippi coastal communities to gather information for a GIS database, which will be accessible online. The database will provide detailed maps of key buildings, bridges, and infrastructure, as well as social and demographic data.
A new database, The Canary Database, tracks animal diseases linked to human health threats, such as mercury poisoning and West Nile Virus infection. The project aims to improve human health decision-making by analyzing animal sentinel data.
Researchers Gary Urton and Carrie J. Brezine discovered that khipu, or quipu, were used as bureaucratic ledgers to track accounting data in the Inka Empire. The devices contained cumulative numerical data, suggesting a complex system of record-keeping and labor management.
The National Vulnerability Database (NVD) provides detailed information on over 12,000 computer vulnerabilities. Users can search and research vulnerabilities by various characteristics, including severity and impact, to enhance their cybersecurity efforts.
A new XML-based architecture could improve access to chemical information in biomedical literature, reducing errors and increasing publication efficiency. The proposed system would link to open databases like PubChem, enabling readers to easily identify compounds mentioned in articles.
A study analyzing over 180,000 breast cancer cases found that inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) accounts for about 2% of all breast cancers. Women diagnosed with IBC tend to be younger and have poorer survival rates compared to other types of breast cancer.
A study led by Dr. Michelle Graham highlights the need for higher rates of cardiac catheterization testing in Alberta and Canada. The research shows that many patients with high-risk blockages remain undetected, emphasizing the importance of increasing angiogram prescriptions to save lives.
The Penn Center for Molecular Discovery will screen hundreds of thousands of molecules against biological targets, creating a massive public-domain database. The center's capabilities include printing and testing molecules on a glass surface, probing chemical-biological interactions in nanoliter volumes.
The University of Pittsburgh has been awarded $9 million to develop research tools for drug discovery as part of NIH's Roadmap initiative. The Molecular Libraries Screening Centers Network aims to accelerate medical discoveries by conducting high-throughput screenings of molecules.
The HIPAA privacy rule has made it harder and costlier for researchers to conduct follow-up surveys after hospitalization, resulting in a drastic drop in participation rates from 96% to 34%. The changes have also increased the cost of performing surveys and skewed the data due to patient demographics.
The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) has updated its requirements for clinical trials registries, emphasizing the need for electronic searchability and public accessibility. The new guidelines also require registration of all phase 3 trials, which are designed to affect clinical practice.
Researchers from eight universities and conservation groups compiled a comprehensive database on nationwide river restoration projects, analyzing over 37,000 current projects. The study found that most projects were implemented in the Pacific Northwest or Chesapeake Bay watershed and had median costs of $57,000 in Georgia.
A recent study found that only 10% of river restoration projects have assessment or monitoring, highlighting the need for better coordination and data collection. The study's authors called for standards for success and improved practices to restore rivers, which are crucial for environmental management.
The project provides an online analysis of every state supreme court case heard from 1995 to 1998 in all 50 states. The database contains over 400 biographical profiles of state supreme court judges and offers insights into the impact of judicial elections on judicial behavior.
A study examining 37,099 river restoration projects across the US found that individual successes exist but no consistent approach to applying best practices was identified. The Michigan team analyzed ecological success and suggests improving project management and systematic data collection.
Researchers used the FDA's MAUDE database to analyze cochlear implant complications and trends over two periods. They found device failure was the most commonly reported complication, with a significant decrease in malfunction from pre-1998 to 2002.
A two-part study examines the effectiveness of neurobehavioral function assessments during coma and stroke rehabilitation for elderly individuals. The Disorders of Consciousness Scale reliably predicts recovery of consciousness, while tracking individual neurobehavioral recovery patterns improves medical and rehabilitation management.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has launched a new web site to increase the use of voluntary consensus standards in federal regulations. The site offers a broad perspective on government standards, featuring a searchable database and links to 12 federal departments' standards information.
The new version of GenMAPP 2.0 incorporates various features to organize and analyze gene expression data on biological pathways, including a flexible format accepting multiple gene ID systems and species-specific databases. This update complements hierarchical clustering methods and enables convenient display of data on web sites.
The Science.gov Alert Service sends weekly emails to patrons' desktops on their specified topics of interest. Patrons can set up an account and let Science.gov do the searching for them, with results displayed in email alerts and personalized Alert Archives.
Researchers compared yeast, worm, and fly proteins and found conserved communication pathways and protein clusters involved in essential cellular functions. The study supports the concept of a basic wiring diagram for all eukaryotic cells and may lead to more effective treatments with fewer side effects.
A study of WHO database records found 93 cases of SSRIs associated with neonatal convulsions or withdrawal syndrome. Paroxetine was linked to the most cases, suggesting it may cause more severe symptoms than other SSRIs. The findings recommend careful monitoring and lower doses for paroxetine use during pregnancy.
The 10th edition of the GeoRef Thesaurus, a guide to index terms used by GeoRef, includes new terms representing names and concepts frequently encountered since the last edition. The new edition covers complete coverage through ODP Leg 209, with 870 pages in soft cover format.
The American Geosciences Institute (AGI) has partnered with the USGS to provide a Global GIS DVD-ROM, which offers datasets of historical seismicity, topography, and other geospatial information. This database is being distributed to disaster teams to aid in tsunami relief efforts.
Archaeologists have discovered over 250 new examples of England's finest array of prehistoric rock art carvings, which can now be admired on a comprehensive website. The site features 6,000 images, interactive games and audio clips, and is said to be the most extensive database of its kind in the world.
The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory has unveiled a new comparative toxicogenomics database, integrating gene sequences, chemicals, and references to provide insights into gene-chemical interactions. This resource will help predict toxicity and understand the genetic basis of differences in responses to chemical exposures amon...
OHSU researcher recommends increasing public access to FDA's clinical trials registry and results database. This would provide a comprehensive view of drug efficacy and safety, benefiting healthcare providers, researchers, and the public. The FDA could make its reviews more user-friendly with minimal staffing increases.
The UGA/Penn team aims to develop a single-access point for genomic and related information about Apicomplexa parasites, enabling accelerated vaccine, diagnostic, and therapeutic development. The database will link existing databases for Plasmodium species, Toxoplasma gondii, and Cryptosporidum parvum.
Scientists report that marine benthic diversity in Laurentia recovered to pre-extinction levels within 5 million years, nearly 15 million years sooner than suggested by global compilations. This rapid recovery suggests that the region operated differently from the globe as a whole.
Researchers constructed a phylogenetic tree using only 16,000 protein and DNA sequences from green plants, demonstrating the power of data-driven approaches in biology. By leveraging sequence databases, scientists can now refine their understanding of biodiversity with greater precision.
QFilter uses non-deterministic finite automata (NFA) to filter out parts of queries asking for unauthorized access, significantly improving query-response time. The technology offers a practical solution to the ongoing problem of database access controls without requiring substantial changes to existing databases.
The LSU FACES Lab is building a comprehensive database of Louisiana's missing and unidentified persons. The project will utilize DNA information, dental structure, and other characteristics to identify individuals. The database will be searchable and will initially be accessible only to law enforcement agencies.
The NIH has funded two new bioinformatics resources at UT Southwestern to improve drug discovery and vaccine development. The BioHealthBase will focus on understanding how microbes establish infections, while the ImmPort system will integrate data from different biomedical research areas to identify disease-causing genes and proteins.
A $2.9 million NSF grant will support a Cornell-led consortium developing techniques to anonymize census data while maintaining confidentiality. The project aims to create synthetic and coarsened datasets using virtual households and geographic information systems.
The Global HIV/AIDS Clinical Training Materials Database provides adaptable clinical training materials tailored for international settings. The database bridges the information gap in countries hardest hit by the AIDS epidemic by adapting existing resources.
The new database will allow researchers to submit a single chemical inventory once a year, reducing the need for frequent updates. It will also screen for hazardous chemicals and explosives, providing critical information in emergency situations and helping prevent laboratory accidents.
The HIV Structural Reference Database will aid in developing strategies to inhibit HIV protease activity and understand mutations that make the virus resistant to certain drugs. The database contains annotated structural data from published literature and laboratory contributions.
A Stanford study reveals that shared genetic data can be linked to individuals through common DNA sites, raising concerns over patient anonymity. The researchers propose firewalls and secure access controls to protect sensitive genetic information.