The dark side of antibiotic ciprofloxacin
A study found that ciprofloxacin exposure accelerates the progression of aortic diseases in mouse models. The antibiotic disrupts the extracellular matrix, leading to cell death and tissue damage.
Antibiotics
Research on antibiotics and the bacteria they target. Covers antibiotic resistance, gut pathogens, persistent strep throat, and water-source contamination.
Report from the leech's gut: Even trace amounts of antibiotics boost resistant bacteria
A new study found that trace amounts of antibiotics in leeches' environment can increase resistant bacteria, which displaced healthy microbes. The research suggests a low threshold for antibiotic exposure to boost resistant microbes.
Environment key battle ground in fight to tackle antibiotic resistance
New research reveals that very low concentrations of antibiotics can lead to an increase in resistant bacteria, highlighting the environment as a critical battleground in the fight against antibiotic resistance. The study found that sewage waste water and natural environments can be breeding grounds for resistant bacteria, which can th...
Antibiotic resistance in a leech's gut
Research by UConn microbiologists found that tiny amounts of antibiotics in chicken blood can encourage bacterial resistance. The study used leeches as a perfect test case and discovered that low levels of ciprofloxacin in poultry blood were selecting for antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas bacteria.
Changes in bacterial mix linked to antibiotics increase risk for type 1 diabetes
A single course of antibiotics early in childhood may increase the risk for Type 1 diabetes, according to a study published in eLife. The research found that four bacterial species groups were significantly more abundant in the guts of mice treated with the antibiotic, and likely involved in driving progression of the disease.
Depleting microbiome with antibiotics can affect glucose metabolism
A Salk Institute study found that depleting a mouse's microbiome with antibiotics reduces glucose levels and improves insulin sensitivity. The research suggests the microbiome plays a role in glucose regulation and may offer insights into treating type 2 diabetes.
Snake venom treatment investigated as antibiotic alternative for eye infections
Researchers at the University of Liverpool are investigating snake venom compounds to treat microbial keratitis, a serious eye infection. They aim to develop anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa agents to reduce damage to the cornea and prevent sight loss.
Comparison of outpatient antibiotic prescribing in traditional medical, retail clinic settings
The study found variations in antibiotic prescribing patterns among different outpatient settings, including urgent care centers, retail clinics, and emergency departments. These variations suggest differences in patient mix and the potential for unnecessary antibiotic use, particularly for viral respiratory infections.
Booklet on childhood fever reduces antibiotic prescriptions if used
A cluster randomized controlled trial found that a parent-focused booklet on childhood fever reduced antibiotic prescribing rates by 11% when used. The study involved 25,355 children and showed that the booklet was effective in promoting self-management strategies and reducing the need for medication.
Can nanoparticles be used to lower antibiotic resistance?
Engineers at the University of Houston are developing nanoparticles loaded with antibiotics to reduce dosages and prevent microbiome damage. The study, supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, aims to find alternative methods to combat antibiotic resistance.
Stop antibiotics before resistance 'tipping point'
New evidence suggests that reducing antibiotic course length can reduce the risk of resistance. Microbial communities can reach a tipping point when exposed to antibiotics, leading to an irreversible shift towards drug resistance. Stopping treatment too soon may not prevent resistance from occurring.
Research points to potential shortcoming of antibiotic lab tests
A recent study found that antibiotic susceptibility assays may yield unreliable results due to variations in inoculum levels. The findings suggest that clinical microbiology laboratories must adhere closely to standardized methods and target inoculum levels to obtain accurate testing results.
SourceBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center·JournalAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·DateJul 6, 2018
Immunotherapy for deadly bacteria shows early promise
Researchers at Lehigh University have designed a small-molecule compound to decorate the surface of Gram-negative bacteria and trigger an immunological response. The compound targets pathogenic bacteria in two distinct ways, generating a promising lead for immunotherapeutic agents against deadly, antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Combining antibiotics changes their effectiveness
A large-scale screening of antibiotic combinations has identified over 500 pairs that improve antibiotic effectiveness against multi-drug resistant bacteria. These pairings could help combat antibiotic resistance by selectively targeting harmful bacterial species, reducing the development of resistance and its transmission.
Timing is key for bacteria surviving antibiotics
Princeton researchers found that cells repairing DNA damaged by antibiotics before resuming growth had a better chance of surviving treatment. Cells that make repairs before resuming growth are generally the ones that survive as persisters.
SourcePrinceton University, Engineering School·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJun 29, 2018
Viruses are found to be the most common cause of meningitis but diagnosis is often delayed
A new study found that viruses are the most common cause of meningitis in adults and diagnosis is often delayed due to unnecessary brain scans. This can lead to inappropriate use of antibiotics and prolonged hospital stays. Prompt investigation with a lumbar puncture can help identify the specific virus or bacteria causing the illness.
Trial from Niger finds village-wide prophylactic antibiotics contained spread of meningitis
A trial from Niger found that village-wide prophylactic antibiotics significantly reduced the spread of meningitis. The study showed a 60% lower number of new meningitis cases in villages with antibiotic distribution compared to those without, highlighting the effectiveness of mass prophylaxis as an epidemic response.
Clostridium difficile infections have decreased 36 percent in Canadian hospitals
Researchers found a significant decrease in C. difficile infections across Canada, with the most common virulent strain, NAP1, associated with severe illness and deaths. Improved infection control practices, such as frequent handwashing and better cleaning, may have contributed to this decline.
SourceCanadian Medical Association Journal·JournalCanadian Medical Association Journal·DateJun 25, 2018
LSTM led consortium awarded £3 million to study the impact of human behavior on AMR
A £3 million LSTM-led DRUM Consortium will investigate how human behavior drives antimicrobial resistance in Uganda and Malawi. The research aims to understand key drivers of resistance, including surveying human behavior around antibiotic use, water availability, sanitation, and hygiene.
Synthetic peptides enhance antibiotic attack of skin infections in mice
Researchers found that combining antibiotics with synthetic peptides can significantly reduce the number of infecting bacteria and the size of abscesses in mouse models. The peptides disrupt the bacterial response to stressors like antibiotics, amplifying their uptake and increasing treatment efficacy.
How competition and cooperation between bacteria shape antibiotic resistance
New computational simulations suggest that antibiotic treatment can suppress resistant species via attack on sensitive partner species in mutualistic relationships, and spatial arrangement influences cross-protection. The study found that competing species are more susceptible to suppression than mutually interacting species.
Using fragment-based approaches to discover new antibiotics
Fragment-based lead discovery (FBLD) increases the chances of finding hit compounds and delivers results without high-throughput screening investment. FBLD starts by identifying low molecular weight fragments that bind to protein targets, then grows them into potent drug candidates.
UBC researchers create matchmaking service
Researchers at the University of British Columbia have created a matchmaking service to pair peptides with antibiotics, increasing treatment success rates against antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Seven combinations were identified that worked better than antibiotics alone, offering up to a 100-fold improvement.
Rapid genetic testing can prevent hearing loss in newborns treated for sepsis
A rapid test can distinguish infants with a specific genetic change from those without it, allowing tailored prescribing and preventing antibiotic-related deafness. The test uses a cheek swab and can produce results in around 40 minutes.
Genetic soil prospecting yields wealth of potential antibiotics
Researchers sequenced the genomes of every microbe in a teaspoon of soil and found hundreds of complex molecules with potential antibiotic or antifungal activity. The discovery is significant as disease-causing bacteria become increasingly resistant to current drugs.
The missing link in antimicrobial stewardship strategy
A new study highlights the importance of educating nurses about antimicrobial stewardship and obtaining their buy-in to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). The research found that nurse participation leads to closer team coordination, cross-discipline collaboration, and ultimately saves lives.
SourceAssociation for Professionals in Infection Control·JournalAmerican Journal of Infection Control·DateJun 13, 2018
Attacking bacteria with shark skin-inspired surfaces
Researchers have designed a coating infused with antimicrobial agents and mimicking the patterned diamond-like texture of shark skin. The coating effectively killed over 95% of E. coli and 80% of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria when exposed to UV light, making it a potential solution to combat hospital infections.
Carrying standby antibiotics encourages travelers to careless antibiotic use
A study found that travellers carrying standby antibiotics are more likely to use them for mild and moderate diarrhoea, contributing to antimicrobial resistance. The study identified factors increasing antibiotic use among travellers, including carriage of stand-by antibiotics, vomiting, and contact with local healthcare.
Are antibiotics overused in treatment of outpatient acute respiratory infections?
A study of almost 15,000 outpatients with acute respiratory infections during flu seasons found that 41% were prescribed antibiotics despite not being indicated for their conditions. Antibiotic overuse remains a widespread issue in the treatment of outpatient acute respiratory infections.
Providers preferences may be helpful in reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions
A survey of 211 inpatient providers found that most preferred receiving feedback via email and compared to other providers within their service. The study suggests that anticipating providers' preferences can optimize the impact of antibiotic stewardship programs, improving the use of antibiotics.
SourceSociety for Healthcare Epidemiology of America·JournalInfection Control and Hospital Epidemiology·DateJun 7, 2018
Killing bacteria by silencing genes may be alternative to antibiotics
Researchers have created new antibiotics that target specific genes in C. difficile bacteria, allowing for precise killing of the infection while sparing other beneficial gut bacteria. The antisense therapy approach has great potential for treating hospital-acquired infections.
Spironolactone may be an alternative to antibiotics in women's acne treatment
Researchers at Penn Medicine found spironolactone as effective as antibiotics in treating women's acne, with similar patient switching rates. The study suggests spironolactone could be a safer and more cost-effective option, reducing antibiotic resistance concerns.
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalJournal of Drugs in Dermatology·DateJun 4, 2018
Interview: The European Union's agenda for antimicrobial resistance
The European Union's action plan aims to address antimicrobial resistance through strong national controls, further research, and global collaboration. The EU plan also prioritizes interoperability in healthcare, including e-prescriptions and personal health records.
Perception that antibiotics are harmless is widespread
A study found that patients' beliefs in the harmlessness of antibiotics can lead clinicians to prescribe them more, despite knowledge of side effects, resulting in increased healthcare costs and adverse reactions. The 'WNTAR' belief can also contribute to antibiotic resistance, a growing global health threat.
SourceCenter for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy·JournalMedical Decision Making·DateMay 31, 2018
'Why not take a risk' attitude widespread among patients and providers, GW study finds
A recent GW study reveals that many patients and medical care providers hold a 'Why not take a risk?' mentality when it comes to antibiotics, despite knowing their limitations. This mindset can lead to unnecessary prescribing and the spread of superbugs, causing significant harm.
Swabbing cesarean-born babies with vaginal fluids potentially unsafe and unnecessary
Cesarean-born babies may be at risk for health problems due to differences in their microbiome. A new review suggests that routine antibiotic administration during C-section deliveries is a major underlying problem, rather than a lack of exposure to vaginal microbes.
OSU biologist advocates ecological approach to improving human health
An OSU biologist argues that chronic diseases require a restoration ecology approach, similar to natural habitats. By removing unhealthy diets and promoting symbiotic gut microbes, patients can improve their health. The study's findings highlight the importance of personalized medicine and active interventions in treating chronic disease.
Majority of premature infants still exposed to early antibiotics
A recent study found that most premature infants continue to receive early antibiotics in the first few days of life, highlighting a need for improved neonatal antibiotic stewardship. The majority of very low-birth-weight infants received empirical antibiotic therapy, despite potential risks associated with its use.
Early lactate measurements appear to improve results for septic patients
A study published in CHEST found that early lactate measurements were associated with improved patient survival, particularly among emergency room patients who received timely tests. The research suggests that abnormal lactate values prompt rapid interventions, leading to better outcomes for sepsis patients.
Each hour of delay in detecting abnormal lactates in patients with sepsis increases the odds of in-hospital death
A significant proportion of patients with suspected sepsis do not have their lactates measured within the recommended timeframe, leading to delayed antibiotic therapy and increased risk of in-hospital death. Earlier lactate measurements correlate with quicker treatment with antibiotics and better outcomes.
Tuberculosis: Pharmacists develop new substance to counteract antimicrobial resistance
Researchers at Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg found a way to increase the effectiveness of common TB antibiotics while reducing resistance. The new compound blocks the bacteria's pumping mechanism, improving drug efficacy. Tuberculosis is a major global health threat, with 490,000 cases of multi-resistant TB reported in 2016.
Unnecessary antibiotic use in asthma exacerbations may increase hospital stay, costs
A study found that patients hospitalized for asthma who received antibiotics had longer hospital stays and higher costs, but no reduced risk of treatment failure. Antibiotic-related diarrhea was also more common in treated patients.
New PLOS channel for the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) community
The PLOS AMR Channel offers access to the latest research, commentaries, blogs, news, and discussions on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Key challenges include improving infection prevention, limiting unnecessary antibiotic use, and using existing antibiotics appropriately.
GARDP's efforts for drug-resistant gonorrhoea treatment receive boost from UK government
The UK government has invested £1m in the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP) to accelerate the development of a new treatment for drug-resistant gonorrhoea. This funding will enable sustainable access to the treatment in low- and middle-income countries, where the burden of infection is greatest.
Infection blood test of limited value in reducing antibiotic use
A new study found that a procalcitonin biomarker test had little impact on reducing antibiotic use for patients with suspected lower respiratory tract infections. The trial involved 1,656 adult patients and showed that physicians already commonly withheld antibiotics based on clinical signs alone.
SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateMay 20, 2018
La Trobe's infection-busting discovery
A team of La Trobe University scientists has discovered a peptide found in the flowers of the ornamental tobacco plant Nicotiana alata that can target and destroy Candida albicans cells, making it a promising lead for developing a new class of antibiotics.
Study: Superbug MRSA infections less costly, but still deadly
A national analysis found treatment costs for drug-resistant MRSA infections are similar to those of susceptible MSSA infections. Researchers attribute the lower costs to factors such as price differences in drugs and possible misdiagnosis or coding errors.
Randomized trial finds ibuprofen not a safe alternative to antibiotics for UTIs
A randomized trial of 383 women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections found that taking ibuprofen instead of antibiotics prolonged symptom duration and increased the risk of serious complications. The study concludes that ibuprofen is not a safe alternative to antibiotics for treating uncomplicated UTIs.
Big data from world's largest citizen science microbiome project serves food for thought
The American Gut Project has collected microbial data from over 11,000 people, revealing associations between diet, antibiotics use, and mental health on the human gut microbiome. The study found that participants who ate more plants had fewer antibiotic resistance genes in their gut microbiomes.
Multiple resistance genes found in commercially farmed chickens and in hospital
A study has isolated colistin-resistant E. coli from commercial poultry farms in China and hospital patients, revealing the coexistence of mcr-1 and mcr-3 resistance genes on a single plasmid. This finding poses a significant threat to public health due to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
SourceAmerican Society for Microbiology·JournalAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·DateMay 14, 2018
Multi-drug resistant infections rising in children
The study found a significant increase in hospital-acquired infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii among US children over a 13-year period. Children with chronic conditions are at higher risk of infection due to compromised immune systems.
SourceRush University Medical Center·JournalJournal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society·DateMay 11, 2018
Oral antibiotics linked to increased kidney stone risk
A new study reveals that oral antibiotics are associated with an increased risk of developing kidney stones, particularly among children. The risk remains elevated several years after antibiotic use, highlighting the importance of reducing unnecessary antibiotic exposure.
SourceAmerican Society of Nephrology·JournalJournal of the American Society of Nephrology·DateMay 10, 2018
Oral antibiotics may raise risk of kidney stones
Researchers found a significant association between oral antibiotic use and an increased risk of developing kidney stones in children and adults. The study suggests that disruptions in the intestinal and urinary microbiome may contribute to the occurrence of kidney stones.
SourceChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia·JournalJournal of the American Society of Nephrology·DateMay 10, 2018
Probiotics and breastfeeding reduces potential antibiotic resistance in children
Targeted probiotic supplementation in breastfed infants reduces antibiotic resistance genes by 87.5%, including genes associated with respiratory, intestinal, urinary infections, chlamydia, and acne.
OU-led research team accelerating antibiotic discovery with $5.7 million NIH grant
A University of Oklahoma led research team is working on a $5.7 million NIH grant to develop more effective approaches against Gram-negative bacteria resistant to conventional treatment. The team aims to overcome the challenge of developing antibiotics that can penetrate through multi-drug efflux pumps and low-permeability membranes.
New approach in the fight against antibiotic resistance
Scientists at FAU and University of Oxford have discovered a regulatory checkpoint in bacterial gene expression that could be used to develop new antibiotics. This finding has the potential to help overcome antibiotic resistance, which kills around 700,000 people worldwide each year.
SourceFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg·JournalNature Communications·DateMay 7, 2018
Bacteria's appetite may be key to cleaning up antibiotic contamination
Scientists have discovered key steps in how bacteria eat antibiotics, transforming them into food. The findings could lead to new ways to eliminate antibiotics from land and water, slowing the spread of drug resistance. Researchers may engineer bacteria like E. coli to clean up contaminated soil and water.
Preventive use of common antibiotic reduces child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa
A study led by UC San Francisco found that treating young children with azithromycin significantly reduced child mortality rates in Sub-Saharan Africa. The intervention resulted in a 13.5% lower overall child mortality rate compared to placebo-treated communities.
SourceUniversity of California - San Francisco·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateApr 25, 2018
New study explains antibiotic resistance in apple, pear disease
A new study published in Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions reveals the mechanism by which antibiotics kasugamycin and blasticidin S kill fire blight bacteria in apple and pear trees. The researchers found that the antibiotics target a critical gene, ksgA, leading to bacterial death.
SourceUniversity of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences·JournalMolecular Plant-Microbe Interactions·DateApr 24, 2018
Mammary stem cells challenge costly bovine disease
Mammary stem cells from dairy cows may help heal damaged tissue and combat bacterial infections, potentially reducing antibiotic use and improving milk quality. The secreted factors of these cells have been shown to promote tissue regeneration, form new blood vessels, and protect epithelial cells from damage.