Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study by Georgetown University Medical Center found that diphenhydramine, a widely used antihistamine, has no benefit in helping infants and toddlers sleep. The study involved 44 children aged 6-15 months and showed only 1 out of 22 children improved sleeping after using the drug.
A study of 42,847 U.S. men found that adopting multiple healthy lifestyle factors, such as not smoking and regular exercise, significantly lowers the risk of coronary heart disease. Men who adopted two or more low-risk factors during the study period had a 27% lower risk of CHD.
A study of 93 patients found that more than half with clozapine treatment had metabolic syndrome, a group of conditions increasing heart disease and diabetes risk. Regular monitoring is crucial for patients taking clozapine due to its potential long-term health implications.
A randomized controlled trial found CBT to significantly improve total wake time, sleep efficiency, and slow-wave sleep compared to zopiclone. CBT-based interventions are not widely available in clinical practice, but future research should focus on implementing low-threshold treatment options.
Researchers at Iowa State University are developing a male sterile corn variety that carries a transgene to produce biopharmaceuticals, which can be grown in states without risk of pollinating traditional crops. The new variety could help control pollen movement and ensure safe production of pharmaceuticals.
A study by American Physiological Society found that sildenafil can improve cardiac output and exercise performance during acute hypoxia, but not at normoxia. The results show that responders improved their time trial performance at altitude with sildenafil, while non-responders showed no significant improvement.
Research suggests a protein derived from fat tissue, adiponectin, may play an important role in longevity. Boosting growth hormone production also shows promise in extending independent living among the elderly.
A study of 165 medical practices found that participating in a pharmaceutical company-sponsored clinical trial had no effect on physicians' adherence to international treatment guidelines. In fact, trial-conducting practices showed increased use of the sponsor's inhaled corticosteroids.
A randomized trial found abatacept to be effective in reducing disease activity and slowing joint damage in patients with active chronic rheumatoid arthritis. However, the treatment also led to a higher incidence of serious infections and infusion reactions compared to placebo. Meanwhile, hospital care for patients with COPD varies wid...
A recent study at Mayo Clinic suggests a strong association between REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in younger patients and antidepressant use. The study found that 80% of RBD patients under 50 years old used antidepressants, compared to 15% of those over 50.
Research suggests that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) have mostly positive effects on various organ systems, including the blood, heart, lungs, and brain. The drugs are effective in treating erectile dysfunction even for men with diabetes, high blood pressure, and ischemic heart disease.
Dasatinib successfully circumvents Gleevec resistance in 68 of 84 patients, providing new options for CML treatment. The drug works in advanced stages of the disease and shows durable responses with no serious side effects.
The production and distribution of counterfeit antimalarial drugs pose a significant threat to public health, particularly in poor and developing countries. Researchers are calling for stricter regulations and detection methods to combat the issue, which has serious implications for malaria control efforts.
Three new studies help diagnose psychological seizures by identifying key behavioral cues, such as eye movement during seizures. These findings could guide early diagnosis and improve patient outcomes.
A study found that nearly one in seven patients who received a drug-eluting stent stopped taking their antiplatelet medication within the first 30 days, leading to a higher risk of death and hospitalization. The study highlights the importance of continued medication after stent placement for optimal outcomes.
A new study found that infants born to mothers who took ACE inhibitors during the first trimester had a significantly higher risk of major birth defects. The study examined over 29,500 infant records and showed a clear increase in birth defects following first-trimester-only exposures.
A new study by Dr. Judith S. Hochman's group demonstrates that some patients who quickly received invasive treatment with angioplasty or open-heart surgery to bypass clogged coronary arteries survive long-term, and the superiority of this treatment is sustained over time.
A phase 2 trial confirms the antitumor efficacy of sunitinib in patients with metastatic clear-cell RCC refractory to cytokine therapy. Sunitinib achieved a 34% partial response rate and median progression-free survival of 8.3 months.
The number of outpatient health care visits for antipsychotic medications among children and adolescents in the US increased six-fold between 1993 and 2002. Diagnoses included disruptive behavior disorder, mood disorders, and psychotic disorders. Further research is needed to confirm safety and efficacy.
The study found that tamoxifen reduced the incidence of non-invasive breast cancer, but had no effect on invasive breast cancer risk. Raloxifene also reduced the risk of invasive breast cancer and was associated with lower thromboembolic events.
The study found that black patients had a significantly lower response rate to chemotherapy treatments compared to white patients. However, they also showed less severe toxicity and longer survival rates. Genetic differences in metabolism of chemotherapy drugs may play a role in these racial differences.
A recent study found that osteoporosis is widely underdiagnosed and undertreated, with many patients stopping their prescribed medication prematurely. Low trauma fractures are often an indication of osteoporosis, but patients may not receive adequate screening or education on managing the condition.
A five-year study confirms Gleevec's effectiveness in treating Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST), with 84% of participants showing clinical improvement. The treatment has durable benefits, with two patients experiencing complete remission, despite some developing resistance.
A recent study published by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center has shown that a targeted therapy called sunitinib is effective in treating patients with advanced kidney cancer. The study found that sunitinib significantly improved progression-free survival and tumor shrinkage compared to standard treatment with interferon-alpha.
A randomized trial involving 250 patients with advanced prostate cancer found that high-dose calcitriol (DN-101) significantly reduced venous and arterial thromboses compared to a placebo. This unexpected benefit offers an avenue of investigation for improved safety in various cancers.
Having any degree of impaired heart function may be an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. Mild LVD is present in 3-6% of the general population and increases stroke risk more than three-fold in men and almost five-fold in women.
A study of 2,512 community-dwelling elders found that those with limited literacy were more likely to report poor overall health and diabetes, as well as depression. This is partly due to difficulties in reading health information, managing medications, and navigating the healthcare system.
Phase 3 clinical trials demonstrate desvenlafaxine succinate's effectiveness in reducing depressive symptoms and improving quality of life for adult patients. The medication also showed promise in managing depression-related pain, highlighting its potential as a valuable treatment option.
Long-acting mixed amphetamine salts (MAS XR) and immediate-release mixed amphetamine salts showed similar efficacy to short- or long-acting methylphenidates. Stimulant medications like amphetamines and methylphenidate are more effective in treating ADHD symptoms, according to the study.
A phase II trial of NRP104 demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in ADHD symptoms comparable to mixed amphetamine salts extended-release. The medication was well-tolerated and showed improved behavior, academic productivity, and reduced symptoms in children aged 6 to 12 years with ADHD.
A phase 3 clinical study found that nearly half of patients with advanced illness experienced laxation within four hours of receiving methylnaltrexone, and over 70% responded by the end of the first week. The treatment also showed no diminishment of analgesia due to medication.
Pharmacists are increasingly involved in collaborative care for hospitalized patients, improving medication safety and patient understanding. This expansion of their role has led to better outcomes and job satisfaction for pharmacists, as they work closely with patients, physicians, and nurses to optimize treatment.
A new study reviews the therapeutic benefits of lubiprostone for c-IBS patients, showing improvements in abdominal discomfort and bowel movements. Teduglutide is also found to be effective in inducing remission and response in patients with moderate or severe Crohn's disease.
Recent studies have found that biologic therapies, such as adalimumab and certolizumab pegol, can effectively maintain clinical remission and response in patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease. These treatments have shown fewer side effects compared to traditional medications.
Researchers found that aerosolized cyclosporine preserves lung function and reduces chronic rejection in lung transplant patients. The new study used 58 patients and found that those who received the placebo experienced a decline in lung function four times as great as those who inhaled the cyclosporine.
Late-breaking clinical trials presented at HEART RHYTHM 2006 reveal ablation to be more effective than anti-arrhythmic drugs for treating atrial fibrillation. Additionally, catheter ablation significantly reduces ICD therapies in post-heart attack patients.
The LA Kids program significantly reduced pediatric epinephrine dosing errors in cardiac arrest cases, with correct doses increasing from 28% to 57% and doses within 20% of the exact dose rising from 44% to 70%. The study emphasizes the importance of system-wide changes and education.
A study published in The Lancet found that patients taking aspirin and dipyridamole had fewer circulatory events compared to those on aspirin alone. This combination therapy reduced the relative risk of vascular death, stroke, or heart attack by 18%.
A study led by University of Iowa researchers found that people with schizophrenia struggle to understand body language, including facial expressions and non-verbal cues. Even those with mild symptoms and taking medication, they have difficulty extracting information from these socially relevant clues.
Multiple studies investigated ICD replacement complications, with one study finding a 1.24% complication rate and another reporting 8.1% complications. A decision analysis model was developed to guide management of device recalls, concluding that risks are not insignificant but should only be considered for high-risk patients.
A study conducted by Heiner K. Berthold and colleagues found that policosanol had no clinically relevant lipoprotein-lowering properties in white patients. The trial included 143 patients with hypercholesterolemia or combined hyperlipidemia, and none showed significant improvements in cholesterol levels.
A study found that patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with TNF-blocking antibodies are at a higher risk of developing cancer and serious infections. The drugs, which were previously thought to be safe, may interfere with the body's ability to fight off infection and cancer.
A study analyzed 324 cardiovascular clinical trials published between 2000 and 2005, finding that for-profit trials were more likely to report positive findings than not-for-profit trials. The authors suggest that incentives from for-profit organizations may influence trial outcomes, leading to biased results.
A new desensitization protocol allows eight patients with clopidogrel hypersensitivity to safely take the medication, reducing risk of blood clots and heart attacks. The study's findings suggest that desensitization can be a viable option for managing allergy symptoms in patients treated with clopidogrel.
A study led by Dr. Paul Watkins found that grapefruit juice contains furanocoumarins, which inhibit an intestinal enzyme and cause interactions with certain medications. Removing these compounds from grapefruit juice eliminates the interaction, suggesting a new approach to managing medication side effects.
A small study found that antiviral therapy with acyclovir and valacyclovir can significantly reduce postherpetic neuralgia symptoms in patients with moderate to severe nerve pain following shingles. Eight out of 15 participants reported a significant reduction in pain after one month of treatment.
Researchers have developed a drug that increases SMN protein levels in SMA patients, improving their quality of life. Another study shows promise for treating X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with valproate and anti-sense molecules.
A new type of medication, varenicline, is being developed to target the neurobiological mechanism of nicotine dependence. Trials have shown promising results, with short-term and long-term quit rates significantly higher than those achieved with existing medications or placebos.
Fenretinide has been shown to reduce the risk of second breast cancers in young women, particularly those under 40. The study found a 38% reduction in second breast cancers in pre-menopausal women and halved the risk for women under 40.
The largest clinical trial on pharmacologic and behavioral treatments for alcohol dependence shows that medication treatment significantly improves outcomes compared to placebo. The study also provides new safety data on prescription drugs naltrexone and acamprosate, suggesting a high degree of comfort for prescribing physicians.
Research found that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and clonidine may provide some evidence of efficacy for reducing menopausal hot flashes. However, the effectiveness of these therapies is less than estrogen therapy and may be limited by adverse effects and cost.
The COMBINE study found that medication naltrexone, combined with up to 20 sessions of specialized alcohol counseling and structured medical management, is an effective option for treating alcohol dependence. The study demonstrated a small advantage in preventing relapse at 1 year after treatment.
Researchers found that combining medical management, naltrexone, or therapy can significantly help people with alcohol disease. The study, COMBINE, included 1,383 subjects and showed that just nine 20-minute sessions with a medical professional yields good clinical results.
The proposed approach would feature conditional approval followed by postmarketing studies required before condition removal. The FDA needs increased ability to regulate drugs after marketing with more resources for postmarketing safety studies.
A study published in JAMA found that medical management with naltrexone significantly improved drinking rates and days abstinent. The researchers also discovered that combining behavioral therapy with medical management showed better results than treatment with placebos alone.
Researchers found that medication may delay the onset of psychosis in schizophrenia patients, leading to improved treatment outcomes and reduced symptoms. The study suggests that early recognition and treatment can help prevent or delay the development of full-blown psychosis in individuals with prodromal symptoms.
Researchers analyzed data from 1990-2002 and found that ICDs had a significantly higher malfunction replacement rate (20.7 vs. 4.6 replacements per 1,000 implants) than pacemakers, with battery/capacitor abnormalities and electrical issues being major causes of device failures
Pacemaker reliability improved between 1990 and 2002, while implantable defibrillator (ICD) failure rates increased significantly between 1998 and 2002. The ICD malfunction rate trended down during the first half of the 1990s but then rose substantially in the latter years.
A study found that blocking key protein etanercept reduced inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome, a condition characterized by abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol. The treatment also showed promise in reducing cardiovascular risk factors.
Deferasirox proved equally as effective as deferoxamine in reducing iron overload levels in patients with beta-thalassemia. The new drug was well-tolerated, with common side effects including skin rash and gastrointestinal issues.