Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Behavioral therapies produce reliable changes in bedtime problems and night wakings in infants and children, with 82% of children benefiting from treatment. For women with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), early diagnosis and treatment can reduce healthcare costs and improve sleep quality.
Researchers analyzed nine trials involving 693 patients and found that treatment with calcium-channel blockers or alpha blockers increased the chances of passing urinary stones by 65%, making these medications an effective alternative to surgery.
A Stanford study finds that the cancer drug Gleevec, used to combat leukemia and gastrointestinal cancers, may also be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis. The researchers tested Gleevec on mice with a condition similar to human rheumatoid arthritis and found it almost completely prevented disease development.
A 24-week multi-center, placebo-controlled phase III trial demonstrated Contrave's superiority in weight loss compared to placebo. Patients taking Contrave experienced an average excess of 7% weight loss from baseline, while those on the placebo saw only 1% weight loss.
The Phase 3 clinical trial of Fampridine-SR demonstrated a consistent improvement in walking speed, with 34.8% of participants showing a significant increase compared to 8.3% on placebo. The study also showed a statistically significant improvement in leg strength and a reduction in disability reported by daily activities.
A study found that physicians prescribed new medications without adequately explaining key information, including side effects and dosing instructions. Patients who receive complete instructions are more likely to adhere to treatment plans.
A systematic review of 13 clinical trials found that early, intensive statin therapy reduced cardiovascular death, unstable angina, and revascularization. The benefits were sustained for two years, with slightly less than a 20% reduction in adverse coronary events.
In a head-to-head trial comparing vardenafil and sildenafil, men with ED favored vardenafil for its superiority in erectile function, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction. The study found that 38.9% preferred vardenafil over sildenafil.
Research findings published in this issue of Archives of Internal Medicine highlight the importance of sleep evaluation in routine medical care. Studies show that fewer hours of sleep may contribute to poor health in young adults and affect body mass index, while also impacting the immune system and quality of life.
The VIRTUE Trial is a Phase IV clinical trial evaluating patient satisfaction and annual rate of serious bacterial infections using Vivaglobin subcutaneous administration for one year. Patients will self-administer the medication and assess overall health-related quality of life, comparing it to previous intravenous treatment experience.
A new study found that raloxifene significantly reduces breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, with a 58% reduction for those without a family history and an 89% reduction for those with a family history. The researchers are puzzled by why protection seems greatest in genetically predisposed women.
A new five-year study will determine whether biweekly physician visits and injectable drugs can improve medication compliance among schizophrenia patients. Researchers are comparing the effectiveness of injectable risperidone microspheres to standard oral antipsychotics.
Two studies found increased cardiovascular and kidney risks associated with Cox-2 inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). A meta-analysis of 114 randomized trials of COX-2 inhibitors revealed a class effect on renal events and arrhythmia events, but not for other COX-2 inhibitors.
Researchers found that zolmitriptan nasal spray was effective in treating cluster headaches, providing pain relief to 50% of patients. The medication's quick absorption and minimal side effects make it a potential first-line treatment option for acute cluster headaches.
A comprehensive review of SARS treatment efficacy has found no evidence that any treatments were effective in treating the virus. The review examined 54 SARS treatment studies and 15 in-vitro studies but concluded that none of the treatments were successful.
Researchers have discovered fucoxanthin in brown seaweed, which reduces abdominal fat and stimulates the liver to produce DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid. The compound could be developed into a pill for weight loss, but human studies are planned and may take several years.
A study published in PLoS Medicine found a possible association between the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and severe violence in a small number of individuals. The authors analyzed data from various sources, including prescription-event monitoring studies and legal cases, to examine this potential link.
A new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) has been found effective in treating moderate-to-severe premature ejaculation, reducing time to ejaculation by 1.75-2.78 minutes compared to placebo. The treatment also improves men's control over ejaculation and satisfaction with sexual intercourse.
A recent study by Robert J. Gatchel confirmed that patients scoring high on the Pain Medication Questionnaire (PMQ) test demonstrate higher levels of substance abuse, psychopathology, and physical/life functioning problems. The study found that patients in the high-PMQ group are 3.2 times more likely to request early medication refills.
Migraines are more common in women than previously thought, and prevention is effective but often underused. The study reviews various stages of a woman's life, including childhood, reproductive years, pregnancy, and menopause, to provide guidance for physicians treating female migraine patients.
New analyses of the PROactive Study found that ACTOS (pioglitazone HCl) significantly reduced the risk of recurrent stroke in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes, with a 47% reduction in incidence and a 28% decrease in combined risk of death, MI, or stroke.
A study by researchers at the University of Virginia Health System found that OROS methylphenidate (Concerta) improves driving performance in teen drivers with ADHD, reducing inattentive and hyperactive errors. The study suggests Concerta should be the initial treatment for teens with ADHD.
Researchers found that small-town and rural school-based intervention programs significantly reduced short-term and lifetime methamphetamine use among adolescents. These findings suggest that brief but effective prevention programs can be effective in addressing the growing methamphetamine problem among teens.
A study published in Nature Medicine has found that certain non-biological drugs can dramatically reduce tissue inflammation by inducing apoptosis in inflammatory cells. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for patients with lung and joint diseases, including fibrosing alveolitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
A Dartmouth researcher found that VIOXX reduces the risk of colorectal adenomas, a precursor to colon cancer. The study involved 2,587 patients and showed that rofecoxib lowered the recurrence rate of adenomas by 41% compared to placebo.
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that celecoxib, a commonly used painkiller, significantly reduced the incidence of potentially pre-malignant colorectal polyps by 36% in patients taking a daily dose. The study involved over 1,550 participants and showed a greater effect on advanced adenomas.
Researchers found that transfusions with blood products from recovered Spanish flu patients may reduce mortality and improve symptoms for hospitalized patients. The study suggests similar transfusions could be useful in treating victims of a bird flu pandemic, especially given the problems with existing vaccines and treatments.
Researchers analyzed data from 11 studies and found that blacks with diabetes had about 0.65% less A1C levels, a measure of blood sugar control, compared to whites. This disparity contributes to higher rates of diabetes complications among blacks.
A study led by McMaster University found that subcutaneous injections of unfractionated heparin can work as well as low-molecular weight heparin in treating venous thromboembolism, reducing hospitalization costs. This new treatment approach allows for outpatient care and may save patients up to $675 compared to traditional treatments.
A randomized trial shows that subcutaneous unfractionated heparin is as effective and safe as low-molecular-weight heparin in treating venous thromboembolism. The study found comparable rates of recurrent thromboembolism and major bleeding between the two groups.
Researchers have demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of a new drug, daptomycin, for treating bloodstream and heart infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The FDA has approved the drug for these types of infections, offering an alternative to vancomycin.
Researchers found that Botox injections can minimize scarring by temporarily weakening surrounding muscles during the healing phase. The treatment showed significant improvement in wound-healing results, with median scores of 8.9 for botulinum toxin versus 7.1 for saline.
A high intake of copper, combined with a diet rich in saturated and trans fats, may lead to faster cognitive decline in older adults. Cognitive abilities declined rapidly among participants who consumed the most fat and had high copper levels.
A new medication, varenicline tartrate, has been found to be effective both short- and long-term for smokers trying to quit. The study showed that varenicline was more effective than placebo in promoting continuous abstinence across all treatment groups.
A preliminary study found that combining argatroban with intravenous rtPA treatment may help restore blood flow to the brain in patients with ischemic stroke. The combination therapy showed promising results, with six patients experiencing complete recanalization and four partially opening their blocked arteries.
A study of 173 patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with Herceptin found a 28% incidence of cardiac toxicity, but most cases could be reversed with treatment. The majority of patients improved with cardiac treatments and were able to resume Herceptin treatment.
A study found that high-fat diets rich in copper are linked to faster cognitive decline in older adults. Those consuming the most saturated and trans fats, along with higher copper levels, showed accelerated mental decline.
A study of 765 patients with HIV-1 infection found no significant differences between the two regimens in reducing HIV levels, time to virologic failure, or adverse events. The researchers concluded that adding a fourth drug did not provide additional benefits but may increase complexity and costs.
Research suggests that ACE inhibitors can reduce the risk of serious circulatory problems, including heart attack and stroke, in patients with hardening of the arteries. The benefits of ACE inhibitors for these patients are comparable to those seen in patients with existing heart failure.
A new care model for bipolar disorder, developed by Brown University researchers, has shown promise in reducing manic episodes and improving quality of life. The team-based approach involves psychiatrists and nurses working together to manage symptoms, resulting in a significant reduction in symptoms and improved function.
A five-year study found that taking atorvastatin soon after a stroke can reduce the risk of recurrent stroke by 16 percent in people with no known history of coronary heart disease. The study also showed that atorvastatin reduces the risk of other major coronary events, such as heart attack and cardiovascular events.
Research reveals that African HIV-infected patients have significantly higher rates of adherence to antiretroviral regimens, with 77% taking their medications as directed compared to 59% in North America. This contradicts historical assumptions about poor adherence among Africans.
A preliminary study found that a single intravenous dose of ketamine provided symptom relief in treatment-resistant depression patients within two hours. The results suggest a new class of faster- and -longer-acting medications could be developed, pointing to potential breakthroughs in treating depression.
A new study found that African Americans have lower adherence rates to type 2 diabetes medication compared to whites. The researchers analyzed data from over 2,700 Medicaid patients and found that black patients were 12% less likely to take their medication as prescribed.
The Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) has released its first set of data, featuring images and clinical outcome information for nearly 5,000 participants at risk of knee osteoarthritis. The data will facilitate the discovery of biomarkers for development and progression of OA.
A phase III study found that adding topotecan to standard chemotherapy for ovarian cancer does not increase overall survival or reduce cancer recurrence. The treatment instead leads to more blood-related toxicities and infections.
Researchers from Hospital Clínic de Barcelona found that a 8-year Ivermectin treatment reduced onchocerciasis prevalence by 38.4%, while incidence of disease decreased by 2.6 times in children aged 0-4. The study, financed by the Spanish Agency and WHO, marks a significant step forward in combating river blindness.
A study examined prescribing patterns of COX-2 inhibitors and gastroprotective agents for arthritis patients with varying levels of GI risk. The majority (75.3%) of patients prescribed NSAIDs received a gastroprotective strategy, primarily using COX-2 inhibitors.
A meta-analysis of studies found that men are at a 50% higher risk of recurrent blood clots compared to women. The study enrolled 5416 patients and analyzed rates of recurrence after stopping preventative anticoagulant medication.
Researchers at UCLA develop trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) as a new alternative for controlling seizures in individuals who are resistant to medication or ineligible for surgery. The device uses a brain pacemaker to stimulate the trigeminal nerve, offering a potential advantage over vagus nerve stimulation.
A national trial found that removing steroids from kidney transplant patients after seven days can minimize the risk of organ rejection while reducing negative side effects. Patients on short-term steroids experienced significantly less cardiovascular risk, including cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and weight gain.
Research ethics committees run for profit face criticism for prioritizing sponsors' interests over study safety. Examples show that well-performing for-profit IRBs exist, but critics argue that the financial stakes create a conflict of interest. Huge profits from clinical trials can lead to delays in approval and impact patient care.
A randomized, double-blind trial found PUVA therapy to be more effective than NB-UVB in treating moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Patients treated with PUVA achieved skin clearance in a significantly shorter number of treatments and had a higher rate of sustained clearance.
Research suggests that pioglitazone HCl may reduce Alzheimer's progression by decreasing the body's inflammatory reaction to amyloid plaque, a toxic component of the disease. The study showed promising results without serious side effects.
A study found that adding medication to behavior therapy significantly improves weight loss and reduces disease risk factors in obese adolescents. The treatment group lost an average of 14 pounds, while the control group gained four pounds, with notable improvements in triglyceride levels and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Research conducted by Fundación BBVA and IDIBAPS found that intermittent treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine significantly reduces the incidence of clinical malaria in children under one year old, with a 22.2% decrease in cases reported. The study also assessed the safety and efficacy of this treatment in pregnant volunteers.
A study by the University of Alberta found that older farmers who stop taking prescribed pain medications are at higher risk of injury. The research identified several reasons for this, including distraction caused by pain, withdrawal symptoms, and incontinence-related discomfort.
A recent UCLA study discovered thousands of genes behave differently in male and female organs, shedding light on the gender gap in disease risk and drug response. The findings may explain why males and females diverge in terms of disease severity and response to treatment.
A recent study found that regular paracetamol use could lower the risk of ovarian cancer by up to 30% in women. The analysis of eight major studies covering over 746,000 women revealed a strong correlation between paracetamol use and reduced ovarian cancer risk.
Studies show varenicline significantly improves continuous abstinence rates compared to placebo and bupropion SR at all time points. Varenicline reduces craving and withdrawal, increasing the odds of quitting smoking.