Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A clinical trial conducted at the University of Washington found that administering amiodarone to cardiac arrest victims improves resuscitation success rates by 26%, with a significant increase in hospital admissions among those not responding to shock treatment. The study suggests amiodarone as a potential game-changer for treating sh...
A new multicenter randomized clinical trial aims to reduce stroke rates in African Americans by comparing the effectiveness of aspirin and ticlopidine. The study is supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke and will provide free medication to participants.
A six-month aerobic exercise program improved the functional capacity, strength, and independence of heart failure patients aged 61-91. The study showed a 22% increase in physical fitness, with 43% of patients completing the trial and experiencing significant improvements.
A recent study found that patients who received the anti-clotting drug ReoPro before angioplasty had a 19% lower risk of needing coronary artery bypass graft surgery within six months. The study, which involved 5,641 patients, also showed significant cost savings in treating heart patients.
A US research team, led by Dr. Barton Kamen, has made significant progress in treating stubborn cancers with aminopterin, a drug that was previously shelved due to toxicity concerns. The FDA has granted $447,534 for further studies on the drug, which shows promise in treating patients with leukemia and other cancers.
A new test developed by Johns Hopkins researchers uses white blood cells to predict which medications are most effective for each patient with kidney disease. The study found a wide range of responses among patients, suggesting that such tests might assist physicians in developing personalized treatment strategies.
A review of 90 animal studies suggests that diet pills containing fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine can cause permanent loss of serotonin nerve terminals in the brain. This damage may lead to symptoms such as anxiety, depression, cognitive problems, and sleep disturbances.
The new Parkinson's disease drug pramipexole dihydrochloride has been shown to reduce symptoms by 20% in patients, with a more precise target on the specific dopamine receptor involved. The drug also appears to be better tolerated than current options, offering hope for improved treatment outcomes.
A long-term study found that women who used estrogen replacement therapy after menopause had a 50% lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The study, conducted by the National Institute on Aging, suggests that estrogen may play a protective role in warding off the onset of this devastating disease.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows that thalidomide effectively heals mouth ulcers in people infected with HIV, with 90% of treatment group volunteers showing at least partial healing. The drug also reduces pain and boosts patients' ability to eat.
A study found thalidomide effective in healing 55% of HIV patients' mouth ulcers, while also improving comfort during eating. However, the treatment's potential for irreversible nerve damage and other side effects require careful monitoring.
A University of Pittsburgh study has successfully weaned 41 adults and children off immunosuppressive drugs for extended periods, with 25 patients remaining drug-free after seven years or more. Close surveillance is crucial to manage rejection and prevent graft loss, says Dr. Reyes.
A $2.7 million clinical trial is underway at the University of Alaska Anchorage to investigate the effectiveness of needle exchange programs in reducing the spread of disease among injection drug users. The study will compare participants who receive clean syringes through needle exchange with those who purchase them at pharmacies.
Researchers discovered a significant link between a specific genetic polymorphism and opioid dependence in humans. The long form of the dopamine D4 receptor Exon III seven repeat allele was found to be overrepresented in opioid-dependent subjects, indicating a potential genetic predisposition to addictive behavior.
Researchers found a significant delay in disease progression with selegiline and Vitamin E treatment, particularly among those with moderately severe disease. The drugs showed promise in reducing symptoms, but further studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness.
Patients prefer bedside discussions by physicians and medical students over conference room presentations, finding them more comfortable and attended to. More educated patients were more likely to understand their treatment plans and express satisfaction with care.
Researchers found a three-drug combination of indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine significantly reduces AIDS symptoms and prolongs patient survival compared to two-drug combinations. The study enrolled 1,156 participants and showed a 45% reduction in disease progression events.
A significant NIH study found that digitalis reduces hospitalizations for heart failure patients by 6-10%. The study, which followed over 6,800 patients with heart failure, also showed that digitalis can benefit patients whose symptoms are not controlled by other drugs.
Moderate hypothermia therapy has been shown to improve patient outcomes for those suffering from severe traumatic brain injury. The study found that patients who received the treatment had better recovery rates and lower mortality rates compared to those treated conventionally.
A new study found that TPA significantly improves functional outcomes in stroke patients, reducing hospitalization costs by $2 million and nursing home care costs by $4.8 million. The study suggests that using TPA results in a net cost savings of almost $5 million to the healthcare system for every 1,000 ischemic stroke patients treated.
Researchers develop a new family of drugs called neuroprotectants designed to minimize disabling damage to brain tissue after an ischemic stroke. A test of one such drug, lubeluzole, showed greater recovery in patients' ability to function and significantly less disability compared to those receiving a placebo.
Preliminary results from ACTG 315 show that an antiretroviral drug cocktail can partially restore immune function in people with moderately advanced HIV disease. The study found increases in CD4+ T cell counts, decreased plasma levels of HIV, and improved immune response.
A study found that 92 percent of children using common asthma medications reported more frequent use than actual, with actual use rates as low as 62.1 percent for beta-agonists and 58.4 percent for corticosteroids.
Two NIH-supported studies show that lifestyle modifications, such as a low-fat, high-fiber diet, can substantially reduce blood pressure in adults. The findings also suggest that weight loss and reduced dietary sodium can safely reduce the need for antihypertensive medication in older patients.
In a groundbreaking study, antidepressant Zoloft significantly reduced depression, anxiety, insomnia, and reexperiencing of trauma in rape victims with chronic PTSD. Four out of five women participating in the study responded positively to treatment after 12 weeks on Zoloft.
Two new classes of organic compounds show promise in limiting damage caused by lung disease and other inflammatory diseases. By blocking enzymes that cause connective tissue damage, the compounds reduce inflammation and potentially prevent further tissue harm.
Recent studies from Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified genetic links to Crohn's disease, a condition affecting 400,000 US citizens. The research suggests multiple genes contribute to the disease, with earlier onset in families with a history of the condition.
The study results provided conclusive evidence that antiretroviral therapy can reduce the risk of death in people with intermediate-stage HIV disease. Combination therapies showed promise in slowing disease progression and reducing mortality rates, particularly in patients without prior antiretroviral treatment.
A recent study by researchers at Oregon Health Sciences University found that beta-carotene supplements did not increase immune cell counts in HIV-infected patients. The study, led by Dr. Gregg O. Coodley, concluded that high doses of beta-carotene are not recommended for HIV-infected patients.
A large study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that patients with mild asthma do not need to take albuterol regularly. The study suggests that using albuterol only during symptoms can effectively manage asthma without negative consequences.
AmBisome, a liposomal formulation of amphotericin B, has been shown to sterilize the CSF significantly earlier than conventional amphotericin B, with at least equal clinical efficacy and lower nephrotoxicity. In a randomized multi-center study, low-dose AmBisome therapy produced a response rate of 68% in treating invasive aspergillosis.
UT Southwestern Medical Center is testing two new oral medications, propentofylline and SB202026, to alleviate major symptoms of Alzheimer's. These trials aim to improve patient conditions or slow symptom progression.
A new monoclonal antibody called ReoPro has significantly reduced life-threatening complications from angioplasty both immediately and up to three years after treatment. The study found that patients treated with ReoPro had a 59% reduction in overall death, recurrent heart attacks, and urgent repeat angioplasty or by-pass surgery.
Methylnaltrexone, a medication that blocks morphine side effects without affecting pain relief, has been granted orphan-drug status. This designation will help bring the drug to patients with cancer pain who struggle with nausea and constipation due to long-term opioid use.
A meta-analysis of 165 clinical trials shows women and men respond equally to drug treatments, challenging traditional recognition of heart disease in women. The study's findings have implications for policy makers and treatment protocols.