Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study by researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that proteins in urine can be used as biomarkers to predict the likelihood of progression to chronic kidney disease and death after acute kidney injury. The three protein biomarkers, MCP-1, UMOD, and YKL-40, showed promise in predicting patient outcomes.
Researchers have identified ezogabine, a drug that opens potassium channels in the brain, as a promising new approach to treating depression. The study showed significant improvements in depressive symptoms and anhedonia in patients with depression.
A new trial shows that immunotherapy drug teplizumab can delay the onset of Type 1 diabetes in people at high risk by an average of five years compared to a placebo. The study, published in Science Translational Medicine, found reduced T-cell damage and improved insulin-producing beta cells in those who received the treatment.
A new study published in The Lancet found that patients with type 2 diabetes treated with Semaglutide achieved significant weight loss and improved blood glucose control. Two-thirds of patients lost at least 5% of their body weight, while over a quarter lost more than 15%.
A recent international study found that semaglutide, an injectable medication, is effective in reducing weight and treating obesity in patients with Type 2 diabetes. The study showed significant weight loss results, with over 25% of participants achieving a 10% or greater weight loss.
Researchers found that tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody treatment, improved length of stay by eight days and reduced mechanical ventilator use, but had no significant impact on clinical status or mortality rate in severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Further studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness
Researchers found that heart failure causes impaired gene activity in the brain's memory center, leading to cognitive deficits. A specific drug alleviated mental deficits in mice, suggesting potential approaches for therapies.
A landmark study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that treating critically ill COVID-19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis drugs tocilizumab and sarilumab can significantly improve survival and reduce time in ICU, with a 8.5% reduction in mortality.
In a groundbreaking 68-week study, semaglutide combined with intensive behavioral therapy resulted in an average weight loss of 16% for participants, exceeding one-third who lost 20% or more of their baseline weight. The treatment also showed significant improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors and marked metabolic benefits.
A UK-based trial found that statins do not increase the frequency or severity of muscle symptoms in people who had previously reported severe muscle symptoms when taking statins. Most participants planned to restart treatment after completing the study.
A randomized clinical trial found that patients who received corticosteroids after kidney transplantation had similar survival rates compared to those who did not receive them. Corticosteroid use was associated with increased risk of side effects, including acne and bone disease.
A study published in Stroke found that propranolol can shrink and stabilize vascular lesions in the brain, potentially treating cerebral cavernous malformations. Researchers administered propranolol to mice with hereditary CCMs, which resulted in fewer and smaller lesions.
Researchers found that older people correctly understood basic medication information in over 70% of cases. However, when physicians failed to discuss potential side effects, patients incorrectly assumed there were none for nearly half of their prescribed medications.
Researchers identified a mechanism linking acrolein accumulation to glycocalyx modifications, damaging the blood-brain barrier. The study suggests that acrolein-modified proHPSE could be a novel drug target for post-stroke inflammation.
A research team from Texas A🌍 University and The University of Texas Medical Branch has identified a potential drug to treat SARS-CoV-2 using the FDA-approved heart medication bepridil. The study suggests that bepridil shows significant effectiveness in interfering with SARS-CoV-2 entry into human cells.
Aarthi Narayanan and Lance Liotta are conducting three studies to assess the therapeutic efficacy of candidate interventions for COVID-19. The researchers are using mouse models to determine the survival advantage conferred by various treatments.
A new report highlights disparities in vaccine clinical trials, showing that certain racial/ethnic groups and older people are not adequately represented. The study emphasizes the need for increased diversity and inclusion to ensure equitable representation of all populations, particularly those disproportionately affected by COVID-19.
A recent study by University of Alberta cardiologists shows that patients with stable ischemic heart disease and high-risk cardiac anatomy benefit from revascularization with stents or bypass surgery. This approach leads to better health outcomes, including reduced risk of death or heart attack.
The European Union is funding a new vaccine research network, VACCELERATE, to coordinate clinical trials and promote knowledge exchange among 26 partner institutions. The network aims to build long-term herd immunity in Europe by testing vaccine efficacy and safety against SARS-CoV-2.
Using sensor-based asthma inhalers may improve control of the condition and enhance the quality of life for caregivers. The study found that non-Hispanic Black participants experienced the greatest gains in asthma symptom control.
A Phase 3 clinical trial showed that a new medication, avacopan, is more effective than treatment with glucocorticoids in keeping patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis in remission for a year. Avacopan appears to work rapidly and may prevent the accumulation of disease-related damage.
A daily oral combination therapy has been found to be reliable, safe and effective for long-term treatment of uterine fibroids. The therapy, which combines relugolix with small doses of estrogen and synthetic progesterone, led to dramatic improvements in fibroid-related measures such as volume of menstrual blood loss and pain.
Ruth Plummer, a renowned Clinical Professor and Honorary Consultant Medical Oncologist, has been awarded the TAT 2021 Honorary Award. Her tireless work in clinical trials has led to the development of numerous standard treatments for proven patient benefit.
A recent qualitative study examines how people respond to financial and health uncertainties, revealing significant adverse consequences on physical and mental health. Participants reported sacrificing essential needs to afford medication, demonstrating the profound impact of uncertainty on well-being.
Researchers found that ivabradine, a heart failure medication, reduces heart rate and improves symptoms associated with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in patients with POTS. The study suggests that ivabradine may be an effective treatment option for COVID-19 long-haulers.
The study analyzed over 53,000 individuals from minority populations, providing new genetic insights into heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders. The research aims to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of common conditions leading to disability or death.
A new drug, semaglutide, has been shown to cut body weight by 20% in a major global study involving over 1,900 participants. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, found that three quarters of people who received the drug lost more than 10% of their body weight.
A commentary by Johns Hopkins experts highlights the need for standardized data collection and analysis to inform policy decisions and strategies. They propose creating a consensus task force to define metrics and refine them over time, enabling public health leaders and healthcare organizations to identify effective solutions.
A large international study is testing the effectiveness of ivermectin, metformin, and fluvoxamine on preventing COVID-19 disease progression. The trial aims to identify promising therapies for reducing COVID-19 severity in patients with mild to moderate disease.
During the early COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, patients received potentially effective yet unapproved treatments due to lack of available therapies. The study reveals significant changes in drug demand compared to pre-pandemic periods.
A recent study published in Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics found that diabetics taking goldenseal while on metformin may struggle to maintain healthy blood glucose levels. The study showed that goldenseal reduced metformin's concentration by 25% after six days of use, highlighting the risk of unwanted drug interactions.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology create novel enterocyte-like cells that closely resemble actual enterocytes, expressing efflux transporter proteins and CYP3A4. These cells can be used as an in vitro model of the small intestine for evaluating intestinal absorption of drugs in humans.
The IMbrave150 trial found that the atezo+bev combination provided a median overall survival of 19.2 months, surpassing the 13.4-month median for those treated with sorafenib alone. The treatment also showed improved survival rates at 18 months, with 52% of patients on atezo+bev remaining alive compared to 40% on sorafenib.
A clinical study led by Dr. Jordan Feld showed that peginterferon-lambda can significantly speed up recovery for COVID-19 outpatients, with patients who received the treatment being over four times more likely to clear the infection within seven days. The study also found quicker improvement of respiratory symptoms in the treatment group.
A new study found that a vegan diet is more effective than the Mediterranean diet for improving health markers and boosting weight loss. Participants who followed a low-fat vegan diet lost an average of 6 kg and had significant reductions in visceral fat, total and LDL cholesterol levels.
Researchers found US COVID-19 treatment trials disproportionately excluded Black and Hispanic patients, pregnant women, lactating women, and children due to perceived complexities. This exclusion leads to inadequate evidence for vulnerable populations, emphasizing the need for inclusive studies.
Two studies shed light on the process of adding new fat cells, revealing a balance between existing fat cell expansion and new cell creation. A cancer drug can stimulate healthy fat cell formation, while inhibiting the development of new fat cells in one storage area can prevent diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
A recent study published in Applied Ergonomics compared standardized processes for community pharmacists with their real-world practices, revealing a significant gap. The researchers identified four main themes: efficiency, resource availability, thoroughness, and delegating safeguards. Further research is needed to adapt procedures to...
A recent study found that non-white patients are disproportionately excluded from receiving the latest precision medicines for cystic fibrosis due to genetic test limitations. The drug trials were primarily conducted on non-Hispanic white patients, leading to a lack of representation in the patient registry.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that dexmedetomidine and propofol are equally effective and safe for light sedation in critically ill patients. The study, which enrolled 422 adults with sepsis, found similar patient outcomes between the two sedatives.
A new study explores the link between health literacy and self-care in patients with chronic illness, revealing a strong correlation between the two. The researchers found that improved health literacy is associated with better medication adherence and overall health outcomes.
Researchers report positive results from three Phase I studies on rectal microbicides, including a gel containing dapivirine that was well-tolerated but required higher doses to provide protection. The studies suggest that dosing changes and longer-acting formulations may be necessary for effective HIV prevention through anal sex.
A large observational study found that taking terazosin for enlarged prostate is associated with a reduced risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Men taking terazosin were 12-37% less likely to develop the disease compared to those taking tamsulosin, according to the study published in JAMA Neurology.
The LCMC3 study showed that neoadjuvant atezolizumab was well tolerated and met its primary endpoint, achieving a major pathologic response rate of 21% in patients without EGFR/ALK mutations. The therapy also showed high complete resection rates and low perioperative morbidity and mortality.
Infants with symptomatic congenital CMV infection treated with a combination of immunoglobulin fetal therapy and neonatal therapy with antiviral drugs showed less severe aftereffects than those receiving only neonatal therapy. This integrated approach holds promise for reducing the number of children suffering from severe CMV infection.
The Lung-MAP trial has amassed a scientifically valuable cache of data and biospecimens from 3,021 patients. Research presentations at the World Conference on Lung Cancer highlighted associations between tumor mutational burden and clinical outcomes to immunotherapy.
The PROTECT trial aims to identify effective drugs to prevent Covid-19 in care home residents, who are at high risk of severe illness. If successful, the trial could help restore normal life for residents and their families, including liberal visiting policies.
Researchers discovered that aneuploid cancer cells demonstrate heightened sensitivity to damage to the mitotic checkpoint, making them more susceptible to treatment. The study's findings suggest that using aneuploidy as a biological marker could help identify patients who will respond better to certain drugs.
Vericiguat, a first-of-its-kind treatment, reduces rates of death or hospitalization due to heart failure by 10% in patients with worsening chronic heart failure. The drug works by stimulating an enzyme that enhances heart function and helps blood vessels relax.
A randomized clinical trial found that azacitidine as a maintenance treatment significantly improves relapse-free survival and overall survival in patients with AML. Patients treated with oral azacitidine had a median relapse-free survival of 10.2 months, compared to 4.8 months for placebo recipients.
Pharmacists helped identify and solve drug-related problems, improving measures such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The study found pharmacist-led medication therapy management services reduced medication costs for patients.
A new study published in The Lancet found that metabolic surgery is more effective than medications and lifestyle interventions in controlling severe type 2 diabetes. Over 37.5% of surgically-treated patients achieved diabetes remission for the entire 10-year study period.
A new trial published in The BMJ found that adding the arthritis drug tocilizumab to standard care for patients with severe Covid-19 did not improve clinical outcomes at 15 days. In fact, the study showed an increased number of deaths among patients receiving the drug.
Researchers at Lund University in Sweden have developed a method to regenerate bone and heal severe fractures using a combination of synthetic bone substitute and drugs. The study, published in Science Advances, shows promise for treating major bone defects with reduced complications.
A small pilot study suggests that early administration of ivermectin can reduce viral loads and symptom duration in patients with mild COVID-19. The treatment also showed a reduced duration of certain symptoms, including loss of smell and taste.
Scientists at UCSF have developed a personalized neuromodulation approach that targets individual patients' distinctive symptoms, providing relief from severe depression within minutes. The approach uses stereo-EEG to map brain regions and identify optimal stimulation sites.
A new study found that naltrexone use decreases the risk of hospitalization due to alcohol use disorder, while benzodiazepine use is associated with increased mortality and hospitalization. Only about a fourth of persons diagnosed with AUD used any medications, highlighting under-utilization of treatment options.
The Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine has published a special 15th anniversary collection featuring influential studies on sleep disorders and other topics. The selected papers have had a significant impact on the field, with landmark reviews like "Behavioral and physiological consequences of sleep restriction" still widely cited today.
A new treatment combining naltrexone and bupropion shows promise in reducing methamphetamine use disorder, with a response rate of 13.6% compared to 2.5% in placebo groups. The therapy also led to reduced cravings and fewer adverse effects.
A Phase 2 clinical trial has demonstrated the efficacy of cabozantinib in reducing tumor volume and pain in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. The treatment showed a partial response in 42% of patients, with significant reductions in tumor pain intensity.