Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new approach using harmless viruses to deliver antibody genes has led to sustained production of HIV antibodies for over a year in a NIH clinical trial. The technology shows promise for preventing and treating various infectious diseases with further development.
A recent NIH-funded study found that pregnant African adolescent girls and young women have significantly lower concentrations of the PrEP drug tenofovir compared to non-pregnant individuals. The study suggests that daily PrEP adherence is crucial for this population, despite potential physiological changes during pregnancy.
Studies show a growing number of US medical students with disabilities, but disparities continue in terms of research funding and job prospects. Researchers highlight the need for increased support and accommodations to address barriers to inclusion.
A new trial led by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center found that platinum-based therapy was not superior to standard chemotherapy in treating patients with BRCA mutations. The study, known as INFORM, compared the efficacy of cisplatin to a standard treatment regimen in patients with breast cancer.
A new experimental platform for cancer diagnostics, prognoses, and testing cancer drugs has been developed by analyzing the extracellular matrix of tumor tissues. The platform uses protein fibers surrounding cells to predict disease risk and potential treatment efficacy in various patients with different types of cancers.
The study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of MicroPine, an atropine eye solution, in slowing myopic progression in children aged 3-12 years. Participants will receive MicroPine or a placebo for three years, with some receiving it for four years, and comprehensive eye care, glasses, and travel expenses covered.
A study found that drug prices in the US increased 159% in inflation-adjusted list prices, but only 60% in net prices, which account for manufacturer discounts. Net prices rose 3.5 times faster than general inflation.
A commonly used anti-psychotic medication has been linked to potentially adverse changes in brain structure, particularly a thinning of the cortex. The study found these changes were more prominent in elderly participants and those who experienced relapse of psychotic symptoms.
Researchers found that patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had adequate folate levels were less likely to die from cardiovascular disease. The study suggests that maintaining optimal folate levels through diet and supplements could help reduce this risk in these patients.
Research at Georgetown University Medical Center found that nicotine increases craving for benzodiazepines, known as benzos, in rats, leading to increased consumption. Boosting a specific protein KCC2 appears to restore normal brain function and decrease benzo consumption.
A phase 2b clinical trial of gefapixant, a new treatment for unexplained chronic cough, has shown promising results. The study found that patients who received the medication experienced a significant reduction in cough frequency, with the lowest dose of 50mg showing the most pronounced effect.
A US population-based study found that medication treatment for opioid use disorder significantly reduces fatal overdose risk. Patients receiving treatment with opioid agonists had an 80% lower risk of dying from an opioid overdose compared to those without medication.
The NIH has begun a randomized, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of remdesivir in hospitalized adults with COVID-19. The study aims to assess whether remdesivir can improve clinical outcomes for patients with severe respiratory illness.
Trials show that Gefapixant can ease the often distressing symptoms of chronic cough with minimal side effects. A dose of 50mg reduced coughing by 67% and another study showed that as little as 30mg was effective in reducing cough frequency.
The number of people prescribed opioids for chronic non-cancer pain increased from approximately 20% to 40% between 1991 and 2015. However, there is a crucial evidence gap in global prescription data outside the US, with few studies reporting on opioid prescribing practices in other countries.
A new study shows that individuals with opioid use disorder who receive medication and residential treatment after detox have lower mortality rates. The research highlights the importance of ongoing treatment to increase survival chances.
A digital intervention targeting attention and cognitive control improved attentional functioning in children with ADHD, with minimal adverse effects. The study's findings suggest that digital alternatives to traditional care could help tackle issues with access to treatment.
Public health experts conclude that exposure to alcohol marketing is a cause of drinking onset during adolescence and binge drinking. The authors recommend stricter government-enforced laws to limit alcohol-marketing exposure and message appeal to youth.
Researchers have found a combination of two existing medications that can trigger the release of stem cells from bone marrow, which can aid healing in spinal fractures. The study suggests using these drug combinations could speed up the repair process and potentially lead to new treatments for various bone fractures.
Researchers have found that adding cilostazol, an antiplatelet medication used to treat leg pain, can prevent re-blockage of carotid artery stents within two years. The study showed a significant reduction in in-stent restenosis and cardiovascular events compared to other antiplatelet medications.
A large-scale study has found no association between varenicline and increased cardiovascular or neuropsychiatric hospitalization risk. The study also suggests bupropion may be linked to lower cardiovascular risks and higher neuropsychiatric risks compared to NRT.
A new study published in the Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology suggests that amino acid L-serine may be useful in treating ALS. The study found that L-serine successfully reduced ALS-like changes in an animal model of ALS, including motor neuron degeneration and pro-inflammatory microglia.
Racial and ethnic minorities with kidney failure and atrial fibrillation are less likely to fill prescriptions for blood thinners, resulting in higher stroke rates. Equalizing warfarin distribution could prevent 7-12% of the stroke disparity among minority groups.
A new drug nerinetide has shown promising results in preserving brain cells for a time after stroke. The study found that combining nerinetide with endovascular therapy improved patient outcomes as compared to those who received only the clot-busting drug alteplase.
A meta-analysis of 24 trials involving over 17,500 older patients found that support with medication for three months after discharge significantly reduces hospital admissions. The study identified transitional support and medicines reconciliation as effective strategies in reducing readmissions.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that diabetes patients who used the patient portal and mobile phone app showed significant improvements in health outcomes. The use of these online tools was associated with increased medication adherence and lower blood glucose levels, particularly among patients with higher baseline HbA1c levels.
A study of 217 adults found no difference in the effectiveness of morning versus evening warfarin dosing. The researchers concluded that patients should take warfarin at a time when compliance is easiest, regardless of day or night.
Researchers found elevated risks of skin cancer, gastrointestinal and blood side effects, as well as liver test abnormalities and cirrhosis in participants taking low-dose methotrexate. The study provides a detailed side-effect profile that may inform more informed prescribing practices.
A new study has found that the guideline-recommended diuretic chlorthalidone causes more serious side effects, including hypokalemia and kidney problems, compared to hydrochlorothiazide. The study analyzed data from over 730,000 individuals treated for hypertension.
Researchers at University of Queensland found certain immune cells linked to distinct MND features, including impaired swallowing, speech, and breathing. The study suggests immune-blocking drugs could be personalized to treat each patient's unique disease symptoms and stages.
Scientists have created a protein drug composed of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and its product angiotensin (1-7) that can be taken orally to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. The drug has shown promise in animal models, reducing pulmonary artery pressure and improving cardiac function.
A new study found that Prescription Drug List (PDL) coverage for preventive asthma medications can reduce financial burden and increase medication adherence. However, barriers to PDL use include lack of awareness, exclusions, and inconsistent benefits.
A coalition of health workforce researchers advocates for revising antiquated state laws limiting nurse, PA, and pharmacist practice. Relaxing restrictions could expand access to care at lower cost, with expanded medication management services.
Researchers found that a new stimulation treatment increased blood flow to the brain and improved hand strength in patients with minor strokes. The treatment also showed promise in decreasing disability in patients with severe stroke, regardless of age, sex, or severity of symptoms.
A new Yale study found rosiglitazone, a type 2 diabetes drug, is associated with a higher risk of heart problems, especially heart failure. The research analyzed over 48,000 patients and found a 33% increased risk of cardiovascular events compared to controls.
Researchers conducted a large trial of MRSA blood infections and found that combining two antibiotics was not more effective than using one alone, but led to more kidney injuries. The study's findings aim to guide best management for patients worldwide.
Patients with lupus who take their medications consistently have a 39% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The study found that antimalarial drugs like hydroxychloroquine significantly protect patients against the complication if taken as prescribed for at least 90% of the time.
A systematic review of 23 studies on pharmacological migraine prophylaxis in children and adolescents found that none of the tested medications had a significant long-term effect compared to placebo. Short-term improvements were seen for propranolol and topiramate, but these effects were not sustained.
Researchers at Stanford Medicine have developed a brain-wave signature that can predict which individuals with depression are most likely to respond to sertraline, an antidepressant. The study used electroencephalography and AI to identify the pattern in participants before treatment, allowing clinicians to make informed decisions abou...
A new study led by the University of Sydney has found that common medication can reduce the risk of heart attack during early bereavement. The research used a low daily dose of beta blockers and aspirin to mitigate cardiac risks without affecting grief, with reduced levels of anxiety persisting even after stopping treatment.
The DELIVER trial examines the safety of PrEP and a dapivirine vaginal ring in pregnant women, providing critical data for HIV prevention choices. The study will enroll 750 healthy, HIV-negative women aged 18-40 years and assess the acceptability and feasibility of these tools.
A phase 2/3 clinical trial evaluating two investigational drugs for their ability to slow memory loss and cognitive decline in people with a rare, inherited form of Alzheimer's disease did not meet its primary outcome. Despite disappointing results, the researchers continue to explore data from the trial's cognitive and clinical outcomes.
A national trial has produced a computer that can accurately predict which antidepressant will work for patients based on their brain activity. This breakthrough may lead to personalized depression treatments using AI and brain imaging.
A UK study found that children with ADHD in poorer areas are more likely to receive medication compared to those in affluent areas. The research suggests that social deprivation can impact access to non-medication treatments for ADHD.
A new study by Rutgers University and colleagues highlights the need for more research on rural opioid crisis treatment, citing barriers to access and inadequate resources. The researchers recommend expanded telemedicine, low-cost technology-assisted treatment, transportation subsidies, and pharmacy legislation changes.
A Finnish study found that patients taking cholesterol or blood pressure-lowering medications were more likely to become obese and reduce their physical activity levels. The research highlights the importance of maintaining healthy habits even when starting prescription medications.
A new study finds that rosiglitazone increases the risk of heart failure and cardiovascular events by 33% compared to controls. The research highlights the importance of access to raw clinical trial data for accurate drug safety assessments.
Studies funded by the tanning industry are more likely to downplay risks and highlight perceived benefits of indoor tanning. Researchers analyzed 691 articles on indoor tanning and found that studies with financial ties to the industry were significantly more favorable, highlighting the need for independent scientific data.
Recent clinical trials of Prolonged Exposure Therapy and Cognitive Processing Therapy show limited effectiveness in treating active duty military personnel and veterans with PTSD. The studies suggest that emotionally demanding therapies may not be beneficial for all patients, and more personalized treatment approaches are needed to acc...
A study of 3,537 children found that 40% go without treatment for 60% of the time, with lower socio-economic families more likely to drop off medication. The research suggests that consistent treatment is crucial for managing ADHD, a chronic condition affecting around 1 in 20 Australian children.
A new Ohio law allowing pharmacists to dispense naloxone without a prescription has been linked to an increase in naloxone dispensing rates. The study found that the law resulted in more naloxone being made available to patients, potentially saving lives in opioid overdose situations.
A University of Georgia psychologist's study confirms that treating avolition, a motivation-related symptom, improves other negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The results suggest targeting this domain could improve overall negative symptoms and reduce functional disability.
Researchers developed a comprehensive multi-Organ-on-a-Chip platform to bridge the gap in current limitations in drug development. The system enabled accurate modeling of human pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters for tested drugs, mimicking real-world human responses.
A new study found that amlodipine lowered long-term gout risk compared to two other commonly prescribed blood pressure medications. The study, conducted by physician-researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, demonstrated the antihypertensive drug's association with a lower risk of gout.
A new oral pill, elagolix, has been shown to effectively reduce heavy menstrual bleeding in women with uterine fibroids. The study found that 80.4% of women treated with elagolix alone experienced a 50% reduction in bleeding, compared to 9.6% in the placebo group.
Breakthrough research presents five major advances in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment, including a new drug pipeline, a diet that improves symptoms, and a fecal microbiota transplantation approach. These studies offer hope for patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
A randomized controlled trial found that the ACE method was as effective as a specialist stop smoking service in quitting smoking. The study's results suggest that ACE may offer a viable cost-effective alternative for public-funded healthcare settings.
A Texas policy reducing anti-psychotic medications for foster children showed a 5-8% decrease in non-FDA indicated prescriptions while preserving medication use for those with approved indications.
A randomized clinical trial evaluated the absorption of six sunscreen active ingredients in four formulations, with all ingredients surpassing FDA thresholds for potentially waiving additional safety studies. The study highlights the need for further research on sunscreen ingredient exposure and its effects.
Research links proton pump inhibitors to poorer concentration and memory in breast cancer patients. Cognitive problems reported by PPI users were 20-29% more severe than those in non-users. The study suggests an association between PPI use and cognitive decline in breast cancer survivors.