Articles tagged with Medical Tests
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers developed a new method to measure EPC levels in blood samples using ALDH activity, which correlates with the degree of coronary artery disease. Patients with lower EPC levels are more likely to have greater disease and increased risk for cardiac events.
A study found that higher-than-normal levels of IL-1-beta in saliva are associated with increased bone loss. Osteonectin levels inversely correlate with bone loss, suggesting this marker may measure periodontal health. The researchers hope to develop a biomarker test for early detection and monitoring.
A recent study found that elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels can define a subgroup of sickle cell patients at risk for serious complications such as pulmonary hypertension and leg ulcerations. Patients with high LDH values had reduced survival rates compared to those with lower LDH values.
David Vanderbilt's work simplifies computer calculations to understand material atomic structure and create new materials. His methods have broad applications in physics, chemistry, and engineering.
A new saliva test detects changes in alpha amylase levels, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the body's response to caffeine and stress. The study found that moderate doses of caffeine improve task performance but excessive amounts can lead to decreased performance.
Mount Sinai School of Medicine researchers identified three proteins found in lower concentration in ALS patients' cerebral spinal fluid, showing 95% accuracy in diagnosing the disease. Early testing may provide relief from symptoms years earlier than current methods.
A study published in JAMA found that individuals with lower socioeconomic status have poorer physical fitness levels, which can lead to a higher risk of cardiovascular death. The researchers discovered that functional capacity and heart rate recovery were strongly associated with SES and accounted for 47% of the association.
Scientists at Georgia Tech have developed reusable hydrogel microlenses that can detect trace amounts of biological or chemical agents in a matter of seconds. These tiny lenses use antibody-antigen binding to change their focus when exposed to the target substance, enabling rapid detection and identification.
A recent study found that low-income minority patients are underrepresented in colon cancer screenings, with only 7% receiving correct screenings. The study highlights the need for organizational interventions to support physicians in underserved areas and promote recommended screening practices.
A recent study found that older women are more susceptible to hip fractures, with over half experiencing significant decline in functioning. Unfortunately, many women in this age group do not undergo bone density screenings, which can help prevent fractures through osteoporosis therapy.
A new clinical prediction rule for estimating the probability of PE significantly reduces adverse outcomes by identifying patients at low or high risk. The revised Geneva score provides a standardized, easy-to-compute tool for diagnosing and managing PE.
A new screening method, qMRSA, was tested on 1,053 patients in Geneva University Hospital. The study found that qMRSA significantly reduced the time to get MRSA test results from 87 hours to 21 hours, and isolated infected patients immediately after detection, which substantially decreased MRSA infections in the medical ICU.
A study found that only 25% of high-risk black men aged 60-69 are screened for prostate cancer, compared to 81% of white men. This disparity highlights a need for increased awareness and targeted screening efforts among black males with positive family histories.
Pooled data from 14 randomized trials reveals a 55% relative reduction in thromboembolic events, 39% reduction in all-cause mortality, and 35% reduction in major hemorrhage with self-monitoring. Patients who can self-manage also show improved outcomes.
A new proteomic profiling test can detect preterm birth risk in 20-30 minutes, predicting delivery times of four days or less. The test uses fresh amniotic fluid samples and is faster than current methods.
A text messaging service reduced the average number of days to diagnosis from 11 to under 8, saving staff time and costs. The study found that a text messaging service minimizes the risks of missed results and is often more acceptable for patients with limited access to landlines.
A study found that more sensitive Chlamydia testing led to a significant increase in reported cases, with a 62% jump in female infections and a 56% rise in male infections between 1992 and 2003. The shift from culture tests to nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is believed to be the primary cause of this increase.
A recent study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that over 63,000 Ontario patients with diabetes had inadequate blood sugar control, with testing rates decreasing among younger adults. The research highlights concerns about unequal access to care and its impact on health outcomes for this vulnerable population.
A new test developed by Ohio State University researchers helps identify the best algorithms for specific applications, reducing errors and improving results. The test rates algorithms on a scale from zero to one, providing a quick way to determine which methods are most effective.
A recent study compared neurocognitive recovery in NFL and high school athletes after concussion. The results showed that NFL players returned to pre-injury baseline performance in just one week, while high school athletes took longer to recover. The study used computerized neurocognitive testing tool ImPACT to evaluate the athletes.
A non-invasive urine test, NMP22, can detect recurrent bladder cancer more effectively than traditional cytology methods. This assay detected 99% of malignancies when combined with cystoscopy, improving patient surveillance and outcomes. Cystoscopy alone identified only 91.3% of cancers.
A new urine test, BladderChek, detected nearly all recurrences of bladder cancers with a higher accuracy rate than conventional tests. The test, used in conjunction with a diagnostic scope, detected 99 percent of recurring bladder cancers.
A recent study found that nearly a third of patients on commonly prescribed diuretics have their electrolyte levels tested, despite the risk of severe health problems. Low sodium levels were more common than low potassium levels, with 21% of tested patients having reduced sodium levels.
A new CU-Boulder study found that morning grogginess can cause diminished short-term memory, counting skills, and cognitive abilities. Cognitive deficiencies following 24 hours of sleep deprivation have previously been shown to be comparable to the effects of alcohol intoxication.
A study of over 1,000 male veterans found that prostate cancer screening with PSA testing did not prolong survival. Researchers compared men who died from prostate cancer to those living with the disease and found no difference in screening rates.
A new study verifies Namenda's effectiveness in slowing cognitive decline and improving daily activities in patients with severe Alzheimer's disease. The medication maintained its benefits when continued treatment was added to the original 28-week study.
A recent study suggests that individuals with a family history of lung cancer are at increased risk, with approximately a two-to-threefold higher chance of developing the illness. Researchers recommend identifying high-risk populations through data collection on family history and genetic susceptibility to facilitate targeted screening...
Researchers have discovered new synthetic compounds that inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an enzyme involved in brain cell death. These compounds, including a melatonin metabolite, prevent NO-induced brain damage by suppressing iNOS production.
A new study published online by Vision Research documented a 70 percent improvement in eye chart performance in 19-year-old subjects with lazy eye. The training program involved detection of a small "gabor" exercise that generalized to marked improvement in standard vision tests.
A study of 80 medical school applicants found that assessors couldn't accurately predict happiness with a career in medicine from application forms. Higher educational qualifications were associated with perceived happiness, but didn't actually predict it.
Researchers found that patients with severe periodontitis have elevated levels of small-dense LDL in their blood, which increases the risk of heart disease. The study also suggests that platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase may play a role in this increased risk.
A study published in the BMC Neurology Journal found that patients with chronic fatigue syndrome have a set of proteins in their spinal cord fluid not detected in healthy individuals. These proteins could serve as a 'biosignature' for the disease and may help diagnose CFS in the future.
The shift in commonly used PTH assay has led to inconsistent results, potentially causing increased parathyroidectomy rates, unnecessary medication use, and adynamic bone disease among dialysis patients. Researchers have developed a more specific assay for PTH to address these concerns.
A new blood test has been developed to identify individuals at high risk for ischemic stroke in middle-aged adults. The PLAC test measures Lp-PLA2 and CRP levels, finding an 11-fold increased risk of stroke associated with elevated lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and C-Reactive Protein.
Researchers found that watching violent scenes can impair cognitive flexibility, while a beta-blocker medication can promote flexible thinking under stress. The study used propranolol to block the brain's normal response to stress and improve performance on word association tasks.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that hamsters exposed to limited daylight before birth exhibited increased depressive symptoms as adults. The study suggests a link between seasonal light exposure, sex, and depression in hamsters, providing potential insight into human seasonal affective disorder.
Researchers investigate which nanomaterial sizes, shapes, compounds, and coatings harm or kill cells. The aim is to develop non-toxic types using 'green' nanomaterials, addressing growing concerns about nanoparticle health impacts.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine conducted a non-randomized study to assess the impact of CABG surgery on higher-level mental functions. The results showed that on-pump CABG patients had no significant differences in their cognitive abilities compared to other groups.
The study reveals a sharp decline in sperm donor applications, with only 3.63% of applicants accepted as suitable donors. The researchers call for urgent action to attract more volunteers, particularly from older men and minority ethnic groups.
A study found that ADDERALL XR significantly improved driving safety and performance in patients with ADHD, measured by a 2.5-point reduction in their average Driving Safety Score. The medication also showed significant effects on ADHD symptom control, improving attention and reducing lapses in attention.
Researchers at UCLA found that reflecting on personal values can significantly lower cortisol levels after stressful events, providing a potential new method to combat stress. The study involved 80 undergraduates who underwent stressful tasks, with those reflecting on meaningful values showing reduced cortisol responses.
A large series of patients surveyed by Mayo Clinic found that those with chronic cough experience significant social, psychological, and physical sufferings. The top problems reported include interference with lifestyle and leisure, frequent physician visits, and frustration.
A single-visit program for cervical cancer screening improved follow-up rates by 53% compared to traditional care, with high-grade lesions also showing increased adherence. The program reduced overall visit time while maintaining patient acceptability, offering a promising solution for underserved communities.
Researchers have developed a method using cheek cells to detect lung cancer with high sensitivity and specificity. The test uses Automated Quantitative Cytometry (AQC) to analyze buccal cell nuclei and predict the likelihood of cancer presence.
A study found that anxiety, blood pressure readings and responses to a heat test before surgery can predict post-surgical pain severity and medication requirements. The researchers identified six groups of predictive factors accounting for 90% of the total variances in patients' pain levels.
A study of 1,492 men found that annual PSA testing reduced the risk of dying from prostate cancer by 3.6%, while increasing the chances of diagnosis with curable cancers. The test measures levels of prostate-specific antigen, a protein produced by the prostate.
A study found that nearly two-thirds of heavy smokers' sperm failed a test measuring fertilizing capacity, with those who smoked more cigarettes per day showing lower fertility rates. The research suggests that heavy smoking overloads the nicotine receptor in human sperm and testes, leading to a decline in fertilizing potential.
Researchers developed a breath test that measures sulfur compounds in exhaled breath to detect bacterial growth in cystic fibrosis patients. The test found significantly higher levels of sulfides in cystic fibrosis patients, suggesting an increased amount of bacterial growth in the lungs.
Prestoraged pooled platelets have been shown to have an equivalent clinical response and quality to platelets pooled at the time of transfusion, increasing platelet availability and reducing hospital costs. The Pall eBDS System has demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting bacteria in pooled platelets.
A survey of pregnant women taking isotretinoin found that many failed to comply with key requirements for preventing birth defects. The study's results highlight the need for improved pregnancy prevention programs to prevent isotretinoin-related birth defects.
Patients who used a computer to learn about a screening test for colon cancer showed equal success and knowledge compared to those educated by a nurse. The study suggests that computer-assisted instruction can help increase screening rates for colon cancer by overcoming patient confusion and physicians' lack of time.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic found nerve damage due to high blood sugar levels can begin as early as 20 years into the disease. The study of over 500 patients showed steady worsening of nerve conduction tests even in those with normal values, highlighting the importance of controlling diabetes from onset.
Researchers found that patients with high levels of somatization are more likely to use healthcare services after being evaluated by doctors, suggesting that physicians may be driving the need for excessive tests. The study suggests educating doctors on recognizing somatization and treating it appropriately.
Researchers developed a 20-mile computer-simulated driving course to help stroke patients regain their driving skills. Patients who received simulator training were almost twice as likely to pass an official driving test, and retained the skill level achieved in training.
Researchers have developed more sensitive tests to predict Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline. These implicit-memory tests outperform the commonly used Mini Mental exam, which is mainly sensitive to episodic memory. The new tests are strong predictors of Alzheimer's diagnosis two years early.
Researchers found an inverse relationship between mental tests and adverse effects of lead exposure and high blood pressure on cognitive performance. Lead exposure early in life combined with high blood pressure in working age adults may lead to diminishing cognitive abilities in later life.
Men who consumed more folate in their diets showed significantly less decline in verbal fluency skills over three years. High folate levels also protected against declines in spatial copying abilities, a category of cognitive skills distinct from memory tests.
Researchers have invented a backpack that converts mechanical energy from walking into electricity, generating up to 7.4 Watts of power. The Suspended-load Backpack can power various devices simultaneously, reducing the need for heavy replacement batteries.
Research finds that long residency hours impair medical residents' performance, increasing the risk of accidents and errors. Heavy call rotations show comparable impairment to heavy drinking, highlighting the need for safer work schedules and countermeasures.
A study of 34 young pediatric residents found that working long hours and overnight shifts impairs their attention, judgment, and driving abilities. The researchers compared the effects of heavy work shifts with those of consuming three to four alcoholic drinks, revealing similar impairments in both cases.