Articles tagged with Vaccination
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A proof-of-concept study reveals that mass dog vaccination can eliminate human rabies exposure in Africa. The study, conducted in Chad, demonstrated the effectiveness of a 20-year-old strategy targeting foxes, with over 65% of the city's dog population vaccinated against rabies.
Researchers successfully interrupted rabies transmission in N'Djaména, Chad, after two mass dog vaccination campaigns. The campaigns reduced dog-to-human transmissions by less than one per million people, highlighting the effectiveness of vaccines when local communities are informed and engaged.
Research led by Queen Mary University of London predicts a shift in cervical cancer burden from young to older women. Incidence among 50-54 year olds is expected to increase by 50%, while mortality rates are projected to rise by 109% among 60-64 year olds.
Researchers have identified an antibody that can block entry to the host cell, providing a basis for safe and broad-spectrum anti-dengue therapy. The study also revealed the structural basis of the antibody binding to individual dengue viruses, which could help explain why some vaccines may not work.
A study led by UC Berkeley researchers found that a small pool of immune cells remain alive for years after vaccination, developing unique features such as methylation patterns to keep them primed and ready to respond to the same microbe. This discovery may help scientists develop better vaccines and understand differences among diseases.
The Michelson Prizes aim to support young scientists developing groundbreaking approaches to defeat major global diseases. Two $150,000 prizes will be awarded in June 2018 to identify innovative projects beyond conventional approaches.
Researchers found male virgins can acquire HPV despite never having engaged in penetrative sexual intercourse. Vaccination before first sex is crucial to prevent infection, according to study authors.
A high-dose live oral vaccine has been found to be more effective in rapidly protecting individuals from cholera than the standard two-dose killed vaccine approach. This breakthrough could lead to improved control of outbreaks and lower mortality rates, particularly in low-income countries.
A new animal model has been developed at Texas Biomedical Research Institute to mimic key features of the Zika virus infection, including lingering presence in bodily fluids. The marmoset model is useful for testing new drugs and vaccines, and may help identify places where transmission can be blocked.
Researchers used Twitter and Google data to analyze public perceptions on vaccines and detect early warning signals of a tipping point in vaccine coverage. They successfully predicted the 2014-15 Disneyland measles outbreak by monitoring sentiment on social media.
A study analyzed Twitter and Google search data to identify trends in vaccine sentiment before the 2014-2015 Disneyland measles outbreak. The findings suggest that social media users' attitudes toward vaccines exhibit increased variability, characteristic of systems approaching a tipping point.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that men infected with one type of HPV are 20 times more likely to be reinfected within a year. Vaccination before sexual contact is crucial in preventing initial infection, while vaccinating previously infected men could also reduce reinfection risk.
A new Zika vaccine has demonstrated well-tolerability and induced potentially protective immune responses in three phase 1 clinical trials. The vaccine, called ZPIV, was developed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and is being evaluated in several trials to determine its safety and efficacy.
A new Zika vaccine candidate has produced strong immune responses in healthy adults, with nearly all recipients mounting protective antibody responses against the virus. The vaccine was safe and caused only mild reactions, offering a promising step towards an effective Zika vaccine.
A gene-based Zika vaccine developed by NIH scientists has been found to be safe and immunogenic in healthy adults, with 60-89% of participants generating a neutralizing antibody response. The vaccine, which includes a small piece of DNA called a plasmid, triggers the body to mount an immune response when injected into muscle.
Researchers have developed an inactivated Zika purified virus (ZPIV) vaccine that induced an immune response in participants and was well-tolerated, according to Phase 1 clinical trial results.
The Human Vaccines Project has reported high-level outcomes from two concurrent clinical studies aimed at deciphering the components and mechanisms of human immunity. The findings may provide important new insights into human immunity, which will be leveraged to launch expanded studies in 2018.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen developed a new vaccine technique that can fight HER2-positive breast cancer in mice with a 50-100% prevention rate. The vaccine works by inducing large amounts of antibodies targeted at cancer cells, preventing tumors from developing and slowing down cancer progression.
A new longitudinal study from York University's OUCH Cohort found that parents' behavior during vaccinations significantly impacts their child's pain coping responses. Engaging in positive behaviors like deep breathing and distraction, while avoiding negative ones, can reduce pain-related distress. The study suggests that a preschooler...
A recent study published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases found that Australia's highly successful HPV vaccination program has led to a significant decline in cases of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, an uncommon and difficult-to-treat childhood respiratory disease. As a result, medical costs related to the disease have decre...
A new study suggests that HPV vaccination can reduce the number of cervical screens needed from 12 to just three for vaccinated women. The research also recommends seven lifetime screens for unvaccinated women.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that pregnant women who used an interactive website monitored by a clinical expert were more likely to vaccinate their children than those without access. The study suggests websites with interactive components can complement face-to-face clinical interactions and combat misinformation.
A new study in Nicaraguan children pinpoints a narrow window of antibody levels that enhances reaction to severe dengue, shedding light on the long-standing phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The findings hold important implications for vaccine development against dengue and related flaviviruses like Zika.
A recent study found that Helicobacter pylori's mutation rate is high from the beginning of infection, making it challenging to develop an effective vaccine. The bacterium's genetic diversity can also inhibit the production of antigens in a potential vaccine.
Researchers discovered a virus-like particle vaccine can prime the immune response and prevent severe respiratory disease caused by RSV vaccine. The study found immunizing mice with RSV fusion proteins before administering the FI-RSV vaccine prevented lung inflammation and eosinophil invasion.
A promising leprosy vaccine candidate, LepVax, is moving into human trials after years of research. The vaccine has been developed using cutting-edge technologies to induce protective responses against the disease.
Two Ebola vaccine candidates elicited strong and long-lasting immune responses in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The study found that 71% of one vaccine and 84% of another developed antibodies to the Ebola virus within a month, with antibody responses maintained for at least a year.
Researchers have discovered that the virus used in the early smallpox vaccine was closely related to horsepox, contradicting centuries-long assumptions that cowpox was used. The finding has significant implications for our understanding of vaccine development and its applications in modern medicine.
A combination of pathogen-specific, platform-based, and prototype-pathogen approaches is crucial for effective pandemic preparedness. These methods enable rapid deployment of diagnostics, treatments, and vaccines to stop outbreaks in their tracks.
A phase 1 clinical trial demonstrated the safety and ability of a new DNA-based Zika vaccine to elicit an immune response against the virus, with 100% of participants developing Zika-specific antibodies. The vaccine also showed promise in preventing infection in immunocompromised mice.
The overall annual incidence of measles in the United States remained low from 2001 to 2015, with most cases reported among unvaccinated individuals. The study suggests that failure to vaccinate may be the main driver of measles transmission, highlighting the importance of maintaining high vaccine coverage.
A large epidemiological study conducted in Québec found no link between the BCG vaccine and childhood asthma. The research team analyzed data from a comprehensive vaccination registry and public health records, adjusting for various confounders to ensure accurate findings.
Research from Aarhus University found that 29% of referred women over 18 have been prescribed psychiatric medicine before vaccination, compared to 17% for HPV vaccinated women. Women referred to HPV centers often had mental health issues before receiving the vaccine.
A new phase 2b trial of the Vi-conjugate typhoid vaccine shows high efficacy rates and reduced symptoms of typhoid disease. The vaccine has been shown to be safe and immunogenic, with a potential to halve typhoid infections in children under 2 years old.
The University of Hawaii has received a nearly $6.3 million grant to develop a heat-stable, trivalent Ebola vaccine that can protect against three related viruses in the same family. The vaccine, developed by Axel Lehrer, PhD, has the potential to speed up protection for health workers and others during outbreaks.
Researchers funded by Morris Animal Foundation found that the rabies vaccine reduces mortality from all causes in dogs by 56 percent, particularly among young dogs. This non-specific protective effect may have implications for human medicine as well.
A potential Zika vaccine has shown to completely prevent infection, transmission from pregnant mothers to developing fetuses and protect males against testicular infection and injury. The vaccine also prevents a lowered sperm count after one vaccination.
The Serum Institute's rotavirus vaccine, ROTASIIL, demonstrated significant efficacy against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, reducing severe diarrhea by over a third. The vaccine showed nearly 55% efficacy against the most severe cases, which can lead to dehydration, hospitalizations, and deaths.
A study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that hospital mortality rates after heart attack vary by age, with older and younger patient groups showing different outcomes. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services currently only considers data for patients aged 65 or older when calculating hospital quality ratings.
Researchers argue that acellular vaccines' inability to prevent infections contributes to the disease's resurgence. The study highlights differences in mucosal immunity between whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines, which may have led to the increase in cases.
A new study by Cedars-Sinai investigators reveals how staph bacteria trick the body's immune system, allowing repeated infections throughout life. The study sheds light on how to develop an effective vaccine harnessing T cells to combat the superbug MRSA.
A recent study published in Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology found that the HPV vaccine is associated with improved fertility in some women, particularly those with a history of sexually transmitted infections. The research, led by Boston University School of Public Health, suggests that vaccinated women with an STI history have s...
Researchers at Oregon State University have identified two proteins, NGO1985 and NGO2121, as promising gonorrhea vaccine candidates. These proteins show extensive sensitivity to antimicrobial compounds, making them attractive targets for developing a vaccine.
Researchers identified a signature of five early innate immune markers correlating with antibody titers after vaccination, providing insight into VSV-based vaccine efficacy. The study's findings could lead to accelerated vaccine development and improved emergency vaccine strategies.
A study published in The Journal of Biological Chemistry reveals that bacterial toxins from E. coli can cause urinary tract infections with a different mechanism than pertussis toxin, which causes whooping cough. Understanding this diversity may help improve existing vaccines and create new ones.
A new study published in The Lancet found that the Gardasil 9 vaccine can reduce 90% of cervical cancer cases with long-term effectiveness. The vaccine was tested on over 14,000 women worldwide and showed similar safety profiles to the four-valent HPV vaccine.
A study found that vaccine-hesitant parents in California are finding physicians willing to grant medical exemptions, leading to a significant increase in MEs. The exemption percentage decreased overall, but counties with high past PBE use saw the largest increases in MEs.
A new case-control study found that the BCG vaccine protects over 50% of UK children against TB for at least 20 years after vaccination in early teenage years. The research highlights the importance of BCG in preventing the spread of disease, particularly in areas with high TB risk but low vaccination coverage.
A new study found that HPV vaccination rates are significantly lower among childhood cancer survivors compared to the general population. Most participants lacked a healthcare provider's recommendation, highlighting the need for increased communication and awareness about HPV vaccination.
Research shows that administering shingles vaccine several weeks prior to starting tofacitinib for rheumatoid arthritis results in robust immune responses. This is particularly beneficial for patients with rheumatoid arthritis who are at a higher risk of developing shingles.
Research suggests HPV vaccination rates for childhood cancer survivors are lower than the national average, but healthcare providers play a crucial role in recommending the vaccine. The study found that nearly half of survivors who received recommendations were vaccinated, compared to just 23.8% of those who did not.
Researchers have made progress toward a vaccine against fentanyl and heroin combinations, showing efficacy in monkeys. The vaccine stimulates production of antibodies that bind to the heroin molecule itself and prevent it from reaching the opioid receptor.
Researchers explore the origins of the smallpox vaccine, tracing its development from cowpox virus to modern vaccinia virus. The study sheds light on the intricate relationships between different types of viruses and lymphs involved in the vaccine's evolution.
New study confirms the sustained impact of rotavirus vaccination in reducing diarrhea hospitalizations among US children under 5, with estimated savings of $1.2 billion in direct medical costs. Researchers found that hospitalization rates decreased by between 31-55% following routine vaccine introduction in 2006.
A review of clinical trials and observational studies found that cholera vaccines reduce the risk of getting cholera by 58% in adults but only 30% in children under 5. The findings could inform policymakers on how to use the vaccine, particularly in outbreak settings like Yemen.
Alaska's comprehensive hepatitis A vaccination program, established in the 1990s, has dramatically reduced the virus's presence among native peoples. The program's success is attributed to widespread vaccination requirements for school entry, resulting in an 88% decline in imported cases since 2008.
A study shows that Alaska's universal hepatitis B vaccination programme has wiped out hepatitis B infection and liver cancer cases in the state's young people. The program, introduced in the 1980s, led to a significant decrease in acute symptomatic HBV infection and liver cancer cases among Alaskan Native children, with no reported cas...
Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine are developing a vaccine to protect against Shigella and certain E. coli, leading causes of diarrheal diseases in young children and travelers. The $2.47 million grant will support translation from an animal-tested prototype to a human-ready vaccine for Phase 1 clinical trials.
A survey found that public trust in science increased after the launch of the first human trial of a Zika vaccine, with people showing greater trust in science and paying more attention to news about the Zika virus. The study suggests that regularized communication about scientific advances could bolster confidence in science.
A recent study reveals that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) compete with T cells for a shared source of interleukin-7 (IL-7), a protein essential for their survival. This competition sheds light on the complex phenomenon of homeostasis, which supports the long-term survival of immune cells.