Research on vaccines and immunization. Covers COVID and flu vaccines, outbreak response, long-lasting antibodies, and vaccination in vulnerable groups.
A study by Queen Mary University of London found a significant positive association between populist party votes and vaccine mistrust levels across Europe. The analysis suggests that scientific populism may be driven by distrust of elites and experts, contributing to rising vaccine hesitancy.
A new pan-filovirus T-cell vaccine has been developed to protect against multiple filovirus species, including Ebola and Marburg. The vaccine induces killer T cells against conserved regions of inner filovirus proteins, offering potential protection against other known and unknown viruses in the filovirus family.
The study found that the live oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a can strengthen the immune response against subsequent, unrelated infections, including those caused by other pathogens. This promising research could lead to broader protection and lower mortality rates globally.
A new analysis published in The Lancet finds that all forms of Brexit will negatively impact the NHS, but a No-Deal Brexit presents the worst scenario. The Withdrawal Agreement offers a more positive scenario compared to a No-Deal Brexit, but concerns remain about its negative impact on the NHS beyond the transition period.
A modelling study predicts that combining high uptake of HPV vaccine and high HPV-based cervical screening rates can prevent up to 13.4 million cases of cervical cancer within 50 years. Cervical cancer elimination is expected in most countries by the end of the century, with average rates falling to less than 4 cases per 100,000 women.
A Chinese national screening project found that only 0.6% and 2.4% of individuals with high cardiovascular risk were using statins and aspirin, respectively. The study highlights the need for increased risk mitigation in China's population.
A study by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania found that between 10-23% of respondents lied about their eligibility to participate in a survey when offered payment for flu vaccination status. The study suggests that offering money can encourage deception, and that lower payments may not prevent it.
Researchers from University of Barcelona analyzed Hepatitis A virus variants that can escape the effects of the vaccine. They recommend giving two doses and additional booster shots to prevent the emergence of these variants.
Researchers have developed a novel DNA vaccine capable of inducing protective immunity against the Mayaro virus, which causes fever, rash, and joint pain. The vaccine demonstrated complete protection from death and clinical signs of infection in a mouse model, offering a promising solution for combating this emerging infectious disease.
A study by Duke-NUS Medical School researchers has identified a key player in the early fight against dengue virus infection: an interaction between two types of immune cells. The discovery sheds light on how the immune system recognizes viruses and could lead to the development of better vaccines for this and similar diseases.
Researchers found that stroke incidence jumped by 61 percent within 14 days of shingles onset, with the increased risk remaining elevated for six months. The study suggests that getting the shingles vaccine may be the most effective way to prevent shingles-associated stroke risk.
Pol Besenius will develop fully synthetic vaccines using modular molecular building blocks to overcome stability and shelf life issues. The SUPRAVACC project aims to create immunological protection against bacterial diseases and anti-tumor vaccines.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens suggests that CD4+ T cells are essential for local control of viral infection and can confer protection against lethal doses of the Zika virus. The findings support the development of vaccines targeting this cell type, which may be safe and effective against infection in multiple contexts.
A Phase 1 human clinical trial has begun testing a freeze-dried, temperature-stable formulation of the experimental tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidate ID93. The trial aims to determine if the single-vial formulation of ID93 and adjuvant GLA-SE is as effective as previously tested two-vial combination in inducing an immune response.
Only about 16% of U.S. adolescents have been fully vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV) by age 13, despite national recommendations. Timely HPV vaccination at 11-12 years old has several advantages, including a stronger immune response and better protection against cancers.
A study found that patient-centered education strategies delivered at the doctor's office increased HPV vaccination rates among adolescents. Parents who watched an educational video about the HPV vaccine had three times greater odds of choosing to receive the vaccine.
Children with solid organ transplants are hospitalized due to vaccine-preventable infections at significantly higher rates than the general population. According to a new study, hospitalization among transplant recipients was up to 87 times higher than in the general population.
USC scientists have made groundbreaking discoveries about a tick-borne virus, including its molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. The research could lead to the development of medications and a vaccine to prevent or treat hemorrhagic fever.
Scientists have developed a new vaccine against the Zika virus, which can prevent microcephaly and other serious conditions in unborn babies. The vaccine is based on the yellow fever vaccine and offers complete protection.
Researchers found that providing universal vaccination against meningitis B infection to college students would be too costly, as the vaccine prevents only a small number of cases. However, they suggest that if the price is lowered, universal vaccination might be worth requiring on college campuses.
A new microneedle patch vaccine containing the inactivated RSV virus has been shown to be effective in enhancing protection against the disease and reducing inflammation. The vaccine, combined with an immune-stimulating compound, was found to induce a stronger immune response than traditional intramuscular vaccination.
Qualitative analyses suggest vaccine-based strategies can outperform antibiotic-centered approaches in certain cases, limiting AMR spread and preserving the human microbiome. Vaccine development is crucial to address growing AMR concerns, as indicated by studies highlighting vaccines' potential economic benefits.
Researchers have developed monoclonal antibodies effective against several synthetic opioids, including fentanyl and carfentanil. The vaccine could help combat opioid addiction and reduce overdose deaths by blocking the analgesic effects of these potent drugs.
A new study found that cancer patients, particularly those with blood-related cancers, have a significantly higher risk of developing shingles due to the virus reactivating later in life. New shingles vaccines offer great promise as a strategy to prevent shingles and its complications in cancer patients.
A team from Osaka University has created a system to produce large numbers of human norovirus particles using intestinal epithelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. This breakthrough allows for the study of the virus and potential vaccine development without relying on human tissue or bile.
A new study by Drexel University researchers found that while anti-vaccine bills increased nationwide between 2011 and 2017, pro-vaccine bills were more likely to be enacted into law. The majority of proposed legislation aimed to expand vaccine exemptions, but limited exemption laws were overwhelmingly passed.
Researchers at MIT have devised a new way of providing cooling on a hot sunny day using inexpensive materials and no fossil fuel-generated power. The passive system allows emission of heat at mid-infrared range, radiating into outer space and punching through greenhouse gases.
Researchers found that a fractional dose of the 17D yellow fever virus vaccine provided protective levels of antibodies for over 10 years after vaccination. This finding supports the use of fractional doses in mass vaccination campaigns before outbreaks and eliminates the need for booster shots.
Researchers developed a treatment for canine leishmaniasis using the LeishTec vaccine, which is already available in Brazil. The vaccine was tested on over 400 dogs and proved effective in minimizing disease symptoms.
Two new studies reveal that previous Dengue infection in pregnant mothers may lead to increased severity of Zika in babies. Conversely, previous Zika infection in mouse mothers may increase severity of Dengue in their pups. The research suggests a unique mechanism by which flaviviruses can cross the placental barrier.
The global disease burden of meningitis remains unacceptably high, with only a 21% reduction in deaths between 1990 and 2016. The number of cases increased during this period due to population growth.
Cornelis Melief is recognized for his life's work in studying the interactions of the immune system with cancer, leading to the development of new therapeutic cancer vaccine strategies. His research has shown clinical effectiveness in treating patients with pre-malignant lesions caused by HPV type 16.
A new study reveals how the poxvirus tricks cells into activating their own cell movement mechanism, allowing the virus to spread rapidly. The researchers found that a specific protein, vaccinia growth factor, plays a key role in this process, and that targeting this pathway could lead to new antiviral strategies.
Researchers designed a quadrivalent fusion glycoprotein vaccine against human parainfluenza viruses, inducing up to 500-fold higher neutralizing immune responses. The shape-stabilized glycoproteins may offer a general class of vaccines against widespread parainfluenzas and related pathogens.
A study by Imperial College London found that nursery vaccinations and development checks significantly lower childhood hospital admission rates. The analysis tracked 319,730 children in England from birth to 13 years old, revealing infants who didn't receive vaccinations had a higher risk of emergency admissions.
A culturally tailored multilevel strategy increased HPV vaccination rates among low-income, mostly Chinese American adolescent girls and boys. The intervention, which engaged pediatricians, parents, and adolescents through various channels, showed a significant increase in vaccine uptake compared to control groups.
A recent measles case highlights the importance of herd immunity in safeguarding those with compromised immune systems. Despite being fully vaccinated as a child, a Swiss man undergoing leukemia treatment died from severe measles complications.
A new experimental vaccine has shown to reduce the risk of secondary strokes caused by blood clots for over two months without triggering an autoimmune response. The vaccine, S100A9, provides protection against blood clot formation and works as well as oral blood thinner clopidogrel in a major artery.
A systematic review of over two million patients found the newer shingles vaccine Shingrix to be 85% more effective than Zostavax in reducing cases of shingles. However, it also carried a higher risk of injection-site adverse events such as redness or swelling.
A new study of survey data reveals that parental concerns about the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine tend to focus on safety worries and lack of necessity. The findings suggest that physician education and recommendation may be key factors in increasing HPV vaccination rates.
Researchers have developed a new vaccine strategy that offers partial protection against the highly contagious infectious bronchitis virus. The recombinant virus vaccine approach has potential to be more cost-effective and respond to emerging new virus strains, but further research is needed to develop a more robust vaccine.
A randomized controlled trial found that parental educational tools on pain relief during vaccinations increased use of pain interventions at future infant vaccinations, knowledge and confidence in parents' ability to manage infant pain.
A special issue by The Lancet warns that primary health care is underdeveloped and underfunded, with half the world's population lacking access to essential services. The Lancet calls for renewed leadership to revive primary health care, citing its importance in delivering better health for all.
A study by the University of Exeter found that innuendo alone in news coverage can lead people to believe false information, spreading conspiracy theories. The research suggests that journalists should avoid including 'errant data' that may be misconstrued when there is uncertainty about facts.
Researchers developed a virus nanoparticle vaccine against anthrax and plague, providing complete protection in animal models. The dual vaccine was effective even when animals were exposed to lethal doses of both pathogens.
The WRAIR is conducting a Phase 1 clinical trial of the VRC-MARADC087-00-VP vaccine candidate, developed by NIAID, in healthy adult volunteers. The vaccine aims to stimulate rapid but durable immunity against Marburg virus, which causes severe hemorrhagic fever.
Researchers analyzed data from a province-wide survey of over 300,000 girls and found no correlation between HPV vaccination and increased risky sexual behaviors. The percentage of girls reporting ever having sex decreased, while the proportion engaging in intercourse before age 14 declined and condom use increased.
Researchers have developed a novel vaccine that protects against both Lassa fever and rabies, with promising results in preclinical testing. The vaccine, called LASSARAB, uses a weakened rabies virus vector to elicit an immune response against both viruses.
A study by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine found a significant drop in public confidence in vaccines after the Philippines' Dengvaxia crisis. In 2015, 93% of respondents strongly agreed that vaccines are important, but this dropped to 32% in 2018.
A new Lassa fever and rabies vaccine has demonstrated effective protection in animal models of disease, suggesting a new way to test for protection against the virus. Researchers have also identified a new surrogate measure of protection that could aid in vaccine development.
A University of Guelph researcher has developed a novel three-in-one vaccine targeting E. coli, Shigella, and Campylobacter jejuni, providing immunity against all three pathogens in mice tests. The vaccine may save lives in developing countries where these pathogens kill over 100,000 children under age five annually.
The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security has identified 15 emerging technologies that could help prevent future infectious disease outbreaks from becoming catastrophic events. These technologies include genomic sequencing, drone networks, and medical countermeasure manufacturing, among others.
Researchers at UTMB create DNA-based vaccine that cuts production costs and storage needs by up to 80%. The new platform has potential to serve as a universal platform for developing live-attenuated vaccines for many viral pathogens.
The BCG vaccine, used to prevent tuberculosis, can reduce blood sugar levels in people with advanced type 1 diabetes by mimicking microbial exposures. The vaccine appears to reset abnormal metabolic functions, boosting the immune system to consume sugar and reduce blood glucose levels over time.
A new cancer vaccine targeting HER2 has demonstrated clinical benefits in a phase I clinical trial, with six out of eleven evaluable patients experiencing improvements in their condition. The vaccine provided complete or partial responses and stable disease in some cases.
The HPV vaccine offers a promising approach to lowering rates of cervical cancer and HPV-related diseases worldwide, particularly in underserved populations. Research highlights disparities in cervical cancer screening among different demographic groups, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have developed a new vaccine for hay fever that targets specific sugar molecules to improve vaccination efficacy. The vaccine has been tested on mice and in vitro tests, showing potential for increased effectiveness and reduced treatment time.
Researchers found that 86% of patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma showed elevated T cell activity after receiving the DNA vaccine. The study also describes a patient who developed metastatic disease but achieved remission after anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
A review of bivalent HPV vaccine data found no new or unexpected safety concerns. The majority of adverse event reports were classified as non-serious and mild.
A new study found that CD4+T cells play a crucial role in protecting against Zika-induced neurological symptoms. Mice lacking these immune cells showed more severe symptoms and increased mortality, highlighting the need for vaccines that elicit robust CD4+T cell responses.