Articles tagged with Breast Cancer
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A new study suggests that radiotherapy does not improve survival rates in older breast cancer patients with early-stage breast cancer. The 10-year study found that adding radiotherapy to breast-conserving surgery and hormone therapy did not increase death rates among patients aged 65 or older.
A recent study found that breast cancer risk models can lead to vastly different recommendations for individual women, depending on the model used and threshold applied. The study highlighted the importance of considering both sensitivity and inaccurate classification when using these models.
A phase 2 trial found that talimogene laherparepvec combined with chemotherapy provided strong responses and immune cell activation in 45.9% of patients with early stage triple-negative breast cancer. Tumor samples showed high levels of tumor-fighting T cells, indicating a potential for improved outcomes.
The Cleveland Clinic has launched a phase 1b clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immune response of a preventive breast cancer vaccine in high-risk individuals who have undergone prophylactic mastectomy. The study aims to recruit 6-12 patients and is expected to be completed by the end of 2023.
Ultrafast MRI provides beneficial information for predicting DCIS upgrade to invasive cancer, including time to enhancement and lesion size. A study found that UF-MRI can accurately predict lesions diagnosed as DCIS at percutaneous biopsy that will be upgraded to invasive cancer at surgery.
Engineers at the University of Waterloo developed AI technology to predict breast cancer treatment effectiveness, allowing doctors to prescribe personalized treatments and reduce unnecessary side effects. The new algorithm uses synthetic correlated diffusion imaging images to forecast patient responses to chemotherapy.
Cancer screening rates for breast and lung cancers persisted despite initial pandemic surges, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. The study found that successful strategies to improve screening rates must address pandemic-related barriers.
Researchers discovered a new approach to treating ependymoma, a rare childhood brain tumor, by targeting YAP fusion proteins. The study found that blocking the function of BRD4 gene expression regulator can prevent tumors from forming.
Awareness of breast density increases perceived risk and uncertainties about screening choices in Spanish-speaking women. However, these effects are short-term and do not persist over time, suggesting that educational outreach may help clarify implications for personal risk and screening decisions.
Researchers from HKUMed discovered that somatic deletion of AKTIP promotes luminal breast cancer development and resistance to endocrine therapy. Blocking the alternative escape pathway with a JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor can overcome this resistance, offering new therapeutic possibilities for patients with AKTIP gene deletion.
Researchers developed a novel CRISPR system to detect small amounts of cancer-related molecules in exosomes in plasma, effectively distinguishing between malignant and benign samples. The method has the potential to make cancer diagnosis and monitoring quicker and easier by analyzing blood samples.
Patients living in Southern states with expanded Medicaid were more likely to receive early treatment for invasive breast cancer. Despite this, the proportion of patients undergoing treatments actually decreased across all states.
Researchers analyzed over 500,000 patient records and found that patients diagnosed at age 70 were nearly twice as likely to be passed over for post-surgical radiation therapy. This significant gap in treatment recommendations suggests that cognitive heuristics play a major role in physician decision-making.
A new study suggests that higher consumption of ultra-processed foods may be linked to an increased risk of developing and dying from cancer. The study found that each 10% increase in ultra-processed food consumption was associated with a 2% increase in cancer incidence, as well as a 6% increase in mortality from cancer.
The SWOG S1416 clinical trial demonstrated the efficacy of PARP inhibitor veliparib in patients with triple-negative breast cancer and a 'BRCA-like' phenotype. Patients treated with veliparib experienced longer progression-free survival times compared to those receiving chemotherapy alone, with median PFS of 5.9 months versus 4.2 months.
A meta-analysis of 22 studies found that breast MRI was superior to other supplemental screening methods in detecting breast cancer in women with dense breasts. This is because breast MRI can detect even the smallest of cancers, making it a valuable tool for identifying high-risk patients.
Researchers at Rice University have discovered a new way protein structures communicate with each other to regulate hormone activity. This finding could lead to improved therapies for breast cancer and other diseases.
Researchers from UTSA and UT Health San Antonio are developing compounds that target the estrogen receptor-beta, which suppresses cancer growth. The goal is to identify a novel ER-beta agonist with potential as a therapeutic strategy for treating GBM in patients.
A UK study found that people with type 2 diabetes have substantially higher cancer mortality rates than the general population. Breast cancer mortality in younger women with T2D is rising, highlighting the need for extended screening, better management of diabetes and its complications, and improved cancer treatments.
A study of women ages 40 to 76 found that family history was the greatest perceived risk factor for breast cancer, with few considering breast density a risk. Comprehensive education is needed to address these misconceptions and reduce breast cancer risk.
A study of breast cancer patients in North Carolina found that Black patients experienced longer treatment delays than non-Black patients, with those living in higher-risk regions facing twice the risk. The researchers suggest that healthcare system structure, rather than patient characteristics, may be to blame for these delays.
A new study led by Mayo Clinic researchers found that women carrying specific genetic changes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, have a twofold increased risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. Premenopausal women with these mutations are more likely to develop cancer in both breasts.
Researchers found a protein called Rac1 that triggers milk production in breast cells when lactation stops and the breast returns to its pre-pregnancy state. This process involves cell death and autophagy, but can be reversed upon suckling, providing a fail-safe mechanism for mammalian survival.
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University have discovered a new molecular blocker that successfully halted breast cancer metastasis by targeting the Pyk2 and cortactin interaction. The study's findings provide significant hope for fighting breast cancer, as the blocker inhibited metastasis formation in breast cancer-bearing mice.
The study found that methylation of the HLA-A gene and focal deletions resulted in reduced immune cell activity against cancer cells, leading to fewer immune cells being available to attack cancer cells. The researchers also discovered differences in immune cell response between various sites of metastasis.
Researchers at Rice University and St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital discovered the structural basis of DNA polymerase theta-mediated microhomology-mediated end joining, a process complementary to homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining. This mechanism could be a promising target for precision cancer therapy.
Researchers found that MMTV-NeuT/ATTAC mice treated with anti-PD-1 therapy developed increased tumor-associated macrophages, EMT, fibroblast proliferation, and enhanced extracellular matrix. These findings suggest potential therapeutic avenues to enhance PD-1 immune checkpoint sensitivity.
A new study found that measuring activation of immune-system B cells may be better than measuring either T-cell activation or total number of immune cells in and around a tumor. The findings suggest that six signatures of immune cell gene activation from B cells were associated with higher elimination rates and better survival outcomes.
A new method, SPOTS, maps gene activity patterns and protein presence in cells across tissue samples with unprecedented resolution. This enables the creation of complex maps of organs, including diseased ones, which could be widely useful in basic and clinical research.
A new software developed by researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory can accurately infers continental ancestry from tumor DNA and RNA. This technology has the potential to lead to more targeted and personalized cancer treatments by identifying genetic connections between cancer and race or ethnicity.
A team of researchers has identified a protein called hemopexin that may help protect the heart from damage caused by anthracycline chemotherapy. Levels of hemopexin in the blood were associated with increased cardiac toxicity, but administering hemopexin prevented the development of cardiac dysfunction in mice.
Researchers developed a cell-based method to predict breast cancer treatment responses, showing promising results and potential for personalized medicine. The method uses tumour cells and supporting cells from patients, allowing for efficient drug profiling and accurate treatment prediction.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have developed artificial DNA that can target and kill cancer cells by binding to microRNA molecules. The DNA triggers an immune response that not only kills cancer cells but also prevents further growth of cancerous tissue.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have identified a method to track and kill resistant cancer cells in mice. By tagging different types of breast cancer cells with unique genetic barcodes, they were able to identify which cells are evading chemotherapy and target them specifically with a new treatment approach.
Researchers at IU School of Medicine discovered a genetic variant that may increase the risk of heart damage from anthracycline-based chemotherapy. The study found that this variant can be predicted using human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, and potential strategies to prevent cardiotoxicity are being explored.
Researchers at Tulane University discovered that breast cancer cells use complex immune-modulatory programs to evade immune clearance, leading to treatment resistance. They identified 16 immune checkpoint genes and found that chemotherapy triggers a program of immune checkpoints that shield cancer cells from different lines of attack.
Researchers identify CDK4 and filamin proteins as predictors of response to paclitaxel in HER2-negative breast cancer patients. High levels of these proteins are associated with a positive response rate in 90% of cases.
The USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center will receive funding from the American Cancer Society Institutional Research Grant (IRG) to support pilot work, training, and career development for junior faculty members. The grant aims to address cancer disparities in Los Angeles and beyond.
A genetic signature called POLAR identified patients with low scores who had similar local recurrence rates with or without radiation therapy. Patients with high POLAR scores showed reduced risk of local recurrence with adjuvant radiation, while those with low scores did not.
Patients with two or three sites of breast cancer in the same breast who underwent lumpectomy and radiation therapy had local recurrence rates comparable to those with a single tumor. Breast MRI was found to improve detection of additional disease sites, potentially allowing for more thorough resection.
A new study reveals that HOXA5 binds to protein IκB-α, boosting its cancer-suppressing properties and reducing the development of breast cancers. The presence of HOXA5 suppresses malignancy in breast epithelial cells by blunting NF-κB action.
A phase III clinical trial found that adding the AKT inhibitor capivasertib to fulvestrant doubles median progression-free survival in patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer resistant to aromatase inhibitors. This improvement is associated with a lower risk of tumor progression and manageable side effects.
Researchers found that HOXA5 binds to IκB-α, boosting its cancer-suppressing properties and inhibiting NF-kappa B's transcription of cancer-causing genes. This helps prevent breast cancer formation by 'putting brakes' on an inflammatory pathway.
Using circulating tumor cell (CTC) count to guide treatment decisions between chemotherapy and endocrine therapy improved overall survival in patients with metastatic, estrogen receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. CTC count-based strategies resulted in better long-term outcomes for patients with high vs. low CTC counts.
Younger breast cancer patients who paused endocrine therapy to pursue pregnancy experienced similar short-term rates of breast cancer recurrence as those who continued therapy. The study found that many women were able to conceive and deliver healthy babies, with conception and childbirth rates comparable to the general public.
A phase II trial found that camizestrant significantly reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 42-67% and improved median progression-free survival by 7.2-9.2 months compared to fulvestrant in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, including those with ESR1 mutations.
The SERENA-2 trial found camizestrant significantly improves progression-free survival versus fulvestrant in patients with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Camizestrant demonstrates efficacy across various patient populations, including those with ESR1 mutations and prior CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment.
A phase III clinical trial found that trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) significantly improved overall survival compared to trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. T-DXd was associated with a 36% lower risk of death and higher overall survival rates.
The phase III DESTINY-Breast02 trial showed that T-DXd led to higher response rates and longer survival compared to capecitabine-based regimens in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer previously treated with T-DM1. Overall, T-DXd demonstrated superior efficacy and safety in this patient population.
A phase II clinical trial evaluating neoadjuvant trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-low breast cancer demonstrated a 75% overall response rate. The study also showed that T-DXd was relatively safe and may provide a translational framework for future studies on combination regimens.
The phase 1 and phase 2 studies showed that ARV-471 was well-tolerated and could promote substantial estrogen receptor degradation in patients with advanced disease. The study has led to a randomized phase 3 trial comparing ARV-471 with a SERD in patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer.
Research shows that tumors from Black patients have a higher score of biomarker for distant metastatic recurrence and more macrophages than white patients. The study suggests that racial disparities in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer outcomes may be partly explained by differences in the tumor microenvironment.
Patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative tumors treated with ribociclib plus endocrine therapy had fewer adverse events and longer progression-free survival compared to those treated with combination chemotherapy. This treatment approach may allow for the avoidance of chemotherapy in aggressive patients.
A recent study found that non-Hispanic Black women with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer have poorer outcomes compared to other racial groups, even when their genetic recurrence scores are similar. The research also showed that these disparities were observed despite similar tumor sizes and lymph node involvement.
A genomic assay called Breast Cancer Index (BCI) has been shown to predict the risk of distant recurrence in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer. Patients with high BCI scores are at increased risk of recurrence, while those with low scores may benefit more from ovarian suppression therapy.
The National Cancer Institute awards $10.5 million to USC's Division of Biostatistics to develop statistical methods for uncovering new risk factors associated with cancer by integrating large volumes of health, genomic, and exposure data. The project aims to provide new insights into complex biological processes and discoveries of nov...
A new review paper discusses the role of CDK4 in regulating the cell cycle and its involvement in cancer. The study highlights the importance of CDK4/6 inhibitors as treatments for ER+ breast cancer and their potential utility in multiple tumor types.
A new study suggests that estrogen-blocking drugs can not only prevent breast cancer but also reduce the risk of dying from the disease. Researchers used computer models to determine the lifetime benefits and harms of these treatments for women at high risk, finding a significant impact on mortality.
A study using a mouse model found that over-expression of the Esr1 gene increased the risk of developing estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in older women. Giving anti-hormonal drugs to mice with Esr1 over-expression lowered or reversed this risk.
Researchers found that stimulating estrogen receptor beta alters dozens of cancer-related genes, slowing the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancers. Higher levels of ER beta expression are associated with longer survival rates in TNBC patients.