Articles tagged with Hiv Infections
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study found that PRO 2000 gel reduced HIV and HSV infectivity by at least 1000-fold, with no significant inflammatory response. The results suggest a potential safe and effective vaginal microbicide for preventing sexually transmitted infections.
Researchers analyzed viral RNA from 39 couples in a long-term HIV study to identify variations of the virus that were transmitted during sex. The findings showed distinct patterns in HIV-1 variant diversity for male-to-female versus female-to-male transmission.
Researchers have elucidated the structure of gp120 before its shape change, providing crucial insights into how the protein binds to the CD4 receptor and enables HIV membrane fusion. This knowledge may lead to the development of new compounds that inhibit this shape change, offering a promising route for HIV treatment and prevention.
Researchers uncover how alpha-defensin-1 inhibits HIV infection in CD4+ T cells and how lubricin protects cartilage surfaces. These findings provide insights into innate immunity against HIV and may lead to the development of defensin-like drugs for prevention and treatment.
Researchers found that alpha-defensin-1 directly inactivates HIV when serum levels are low, while also acting on vulnerable cells to block infection. The study provides a basis for developing defensin-like drugs to prevent and treat HIV.
A recent study found that gay men did not engage in increased sexual risk-taking during an HIV vaccine trial. The study, led by Dr. Tom Lampinen, revealed that the biggest risk for new infection was among minority gay men who had unsafe sex with partners whose HIV status they didn't know.
Researchers discover how hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicates unchecked despite the presence of immune defenses triggered by the RIG-I protein. HCV produces a viral protease that disrupts the signaling pathway, allowing it to continue replication. Protease inhibitors show promise in treating HCV and possibly other viral infections
A recent study reveals that HIV/AIDS deaths were likely three times as high as reported by the government in 2000-01, due to misclassification on death certificates. The South African Government must acknowledge and tackle the HIV/AIDS crisis, which has been slow to progress in providing antiretroviral treatment.
A new study recommends expanding routine HIV screening to settings with low prevalence rates due to its cost-effectiveness. The study found that even at low prevalence levels, regular testing can provide important health benefits. Additionally, the researchers suggest that screenings should be expanded to reduce the transmission of the...
A Stanford study found that early HIV screening reduces annual transmission by 21% and lengthens life by 1.5 years for those with HIV infection. Routine screenings are cost-effective compared to other commonly accepted programs, suggesting expanded HIV counseling, testing, and referral in the US.
A study by Mark A. Schuster found that nearly 40% of HIV-infected parents reported avoiding interactions with their children 'a little' due to fears of contagion, while 27.9% avoided certain interactions like hugging or kissing on the lips altogether.
Researchers have found that 47% of ALS patients exhibit reverse transcriptase activity, suggesting a potential link to retroviruses. Further study is needed to determine if this reflects activation of an endogenous retrovirus or infection with a novel exogenous retrovirus.
A Family's Guide to Living with HIV is a comprehensive resource providing detailed information on the disease, its treatment, and its impact on daily life. The book also focuses on supporting psychological concerns, nutrition, education, and social activities for patients and their families.
A recent HIV vaccine trial found that the vaccine was ineffective in preventing infection, with only a slight increase in efficacy observed among high-risk and non-white groups. The study's results suggest that future vaccines should be tested in diverse populations to better understand their effectiveness.
A recent study contradicts previous research by failing to detect human herpesvirus 8 in lung tissue samples from Japanese patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. The study suggests that the virus may not be associated with this condition in Japan, unlike in US patients where it was previously linked.
The trial aims to test whether a vaccine stimulates cellular immunity to prevent or control HIV infection. The study will enroll healthy, HIV-negative volunteers from at-risk populations and gather data on the potential efficacy of the vaccine.
Researchers found that HIV-specific CD4+ T cell population remains intact after treatment cessation, with increased turnover and activation upon viral rebound. This suggests a potential mechanism for the immune system to respond to viral infections.
A recent study found that male circumcision significantly reduces the risk of HIV transmission from women to men, with uncircumcised men facing a more than two-fold increased risk per sexual act. The study's results provide new insights into the rapid spread of HIV in settings where circumcision is not common.
Researchers have mapped the genome of Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungus that causes severe inflammation of the brain in people with HIV and those taking chemotherapy or steroid treatments. The study identified 30 new genes involved in the fungus's biosynthesis, offering potential targets for treatment.
A modeling study published in PLoS Medicine suggests that integrating HIV prevention and treatment efforts could prevent up to 10 million AIDS deaths in Africa by 2020, with a predicted 74% reduction in new infections and 50% decrease in annual mortality.
A study has identified a genetic factor that determines an individual's susceptibility to HIV/AIDS. The research found that people with fewer copies of the CCL3L1 gene are more likely to contract HIV and experience rapid disease progression, while those with more copies are less prone to infection.
DermaVir induces HIV-specific immune reconstitution, eliminating need for daily injections. The vaccine has shown significant antiviral activity and minimal side effects compared to current treatments.
Researchers have identified IL-7 as a potent and strain-specific inducer of latent HIV-1 cellular reservoirs in individuals on virally suppressive HAART. The growth factor stimulates HIV-1 activation from resting T cells, suggesting new approaches for HIV treatment.
A recent study found that patients with previously untreated HIV-1 infection, especially those co-infected with pulmonary TB or KS, showed rapid responses to triple-drug therapy. After three months, nearly all patients achieved undetectable HIV RNA levels and experienced significant increases in CD4 cell counts.
A large retrospective study found that tuberculosis incidence doubled within the first year of HIV infection and increased four-fold after two years. The study's unique setting, including a high incidence of tuberculosis among miners and access to free healthcare, facilitated the research.
The study found that 82% of participants tested positive for HPV infection, with many infected with multiple types. High-risk HPV types were detected in 39% of swab specimens, and clinically abnormal cervical exam results were seen in 37% of participants.
Researchers from CANVAC, a Canadian network of immunology and virology experts, have developed a new method to assess thymus function using only blood samples. They found that HIV-infected individuals experience decreased thymic function in the first months after infection, leading to lower T-lymphocyte production.
A blood test for HSV-2 can detect antibodies in people at high risk for STDs, HIV-positive individuals, and those whose partners have the virus. Pregnant women with uninfected partners do not require screening, as most women develop antibodies after three months of infection.
Researchers found that particular versions of HLA-B molecules make a significant difference in how well the immune system responds against HIV. The study's results illuminate evolutionary interaction between virus and human immune system, providing new insights for developing an effective vaccine.
Researchers discovered that specific HLA-B alleles generate stronger immune responses against HIV, influencing viral load and immune system health. The findings have significant implications for vaccine development to combat the AIDS epidemic.
Researchers traced how SIV spreads through the mouth, digestive tract, and lymph nodes after oral infection, identifying key tissues and organs infected. The findings may lead to a better understanding of early infection and the development of an effective HIV vaccine.
Key findings highlight the need for renewed public health strategies, especially in high-risk groups, to prevent sexually transmitted HIV. Experts emphasize the importance of abstinence, fidelity, and condom use, as well as providing contraception to women on antiretroviral drugs, particularly in Africa.
A study found that 23% of zoo workers handling primates showed reactivity to the SV40 virus, but most reactions were likely due to cross-reactivity with other polyomaviruses. The study suggests occupational exposure to SV40 among those working closely with nonhuman primates.
A study of over 1,200 men who have sex with men found a 57% prevalence rate of anal HPV infection, which did not change with age or city. High-risk HPV types were present in 26% of infected men, suggesting a high risk for anal cancer.
Researchers at UCLA have discovered a protein that can keep HIV-fighting cells youthful and active, dividing endlessly and preventing telomeres from shortening. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new treatments for AIDS, cancer, and other diseases.
Researchers find that blocking annexin 2 or eliminating it from cell surfaces can prevent HIV infection in macrophages. Annexin 2 helps the virus deliver its genetic material into cells by binding to a surface component on the virus.
A study found that behavioral and psychosocial barriers, such as lack of concern about infection and fear of blood drawing, prevent women from getting repeat HIV testing. Offering alternative tests, like oral tests, could encourage more testing among this demographic.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that supervised treatment interruptions, which aim to boost natural immunity by briefly exposing patients to low levels of the virus, are ineffective in controlling HIV-1 viremia. Researchers were able to achieve transient control of the virus in some patients, but it was not sustained over time.
Researchers have identified a potential target for preventing HIV transmission through vaginal membranes. A modified chemokine called PSC-RANTES was found to be effective in blocking SHIV transmission in rhesus macaques, offering hope for the development of a topical agent to prevent HIV infection in humans.
A new experimental drug called PSC-RANTES has shown promising results in preventing vaginal simian HIV transmission in monkeys. The study found that the highest dose of PSC-RANTES protected all five recipients from SHIV infection, suggesting a potential key target for strategies to prevent vaginal HIV transmission.
Researchers have discovered that DNA stimulates the activity of a viral enzyme, providing a potential new target for antiviral drugs. The discovery could help prevent adenovirus infections, which can cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, and eye infections, including blindness.
The Cairo Conference's 20-year plan for reproductive health is under threat from conservative and liberal ideological battles, international funding shortfalls, and the HIV pandemic. The situation has resulted in 60 million unwanted pregnancies, 19 million unsafe abortions, and half a million maternal deaths annually.
The new guidelines cover prevention and early diagnosis of chronic conditions, such as diabetes and heart disease, and provide evidence-based primary care interventions for people living with HIV. The guidelines also focus on caring for women and children with HIV, making them a valuable resource for a wide range of healthcare providers.
Basic research on HIV is leading to new therapies that deny initial entry into cells. Fast-moving research on naturally occurring antiviral factors is opening the way for a new class of anti-HIV drugs.
Researchers at McGill University have made a groundbreaking discovery that patients can be infected with more than one type of HIV, which poses significant challenges for treatment and management. The study's findings, published in the August issue of AIDS, suggest that existing drug cocktails may need to be tailored accordingly.
A nationwide study shows that nucleic acid-amplification testing (NAT) significantly reduces the risk of HIV-1 and HCV infections in blood recipients. NAT detects viral genes earlier than antibody tests, allowing for faster identification and disposal of infected donations.
A new treatment combination of peginterferon and ribavirin has been shown to significantly improve viral control in patients with both HIV and hepatitis C. The study found that 40% of patients treated with peginterferon achieved HCV clearance, compared to 12% on the standard interferon treatment.
A study found prednisolone to be ineffective in treating HIV-associated pleural tuberculosis, increasing the risk of life-threatening cancer. The drug improved symptoms but showed no long-term benefits for patients without HIV infection.
A study found that genetic characteristics in patients who self-recovered from hepatitis C infection involve genes that suppress the action of killer immune cells. Researchers hope to develop a vaccine and improve therapies based on these findings.
A government policy providing free access to potent antiretroviral drugs has significantly reduced the HIV transmission rate in Taiwan, with an estimated decrease of 53%. The study, led by Chi-Tai Fang and Jung-Der Wang, used public health surveillance data to evaluate the impact of the policy on the country's HIV epidemic.
Researchers discovered that a human protein called Apobec3G began evolving to defend against viruses in primates over 30 million years ago, suggesting HIV is a newcomer to this conflict. The study provides insights into the genetic mechanisms of HIV prevention and potential new targets for treatment.
Researchers have identified a more effective treatment for people with both HIV and hepatitis C. The new therapy, peg-interferon with ribavirin, showed a sustained response rate of 27% compared to 12% in those who received standard interferon treatment.
The Yale team will conduct research on implementing structural interventions among high-risk groups in southern India, aiming to reduce HIV transmission and promote healthier behavior. The project, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, aims to address social, economic, and normative factors that contribute to HIV risk.
Dr. Fauci is scheduled to deliver a lecture on the pathogenic mechanisms of HIV disease, highlighting the paradoxical nature of immune cell activation and viral replication. He will present new data on how immune cells can inadvertently facilitate virus persistence.
Researchers found six HIV patients who started treatment early became test-negative for the virus. The study suggests that reducing HIV to low levels can help boost the immune system's response to the virus.
A study found that rapid HIV testing during labor can provide accurate results within 66 minutes, enabling women to receive antiretroviral prophylaxis. The study also showed higher test acceptance among younger women and those with limited prenatal care, highlighting the importance of early testing for pregnant women.
A randomized, controlled clinical trial found that a targeted HIV prevention intervention significantly reduced consistent condom use and risky sexual behaviors in high-risk African-American adolescent girls. The intervention emphasized ethnic and gender pride, HIV knowledge, communication, and healthy relationships.
A three-year clinical trial comparing tenofovir DF and stavudine found both treatments to be equally effective in treating HIV, but tenofovir DF had fewer toxic outcomes related to cholesterol levels, lipodystrophy, and peripheral neuropathy. The study involved over 600 patients across the US, South America, and Europe.
A study of 374 people with HIV-1 infection found that CMV-positive status was significantly associated with accelerated progression to AIDS and death. Randomised clinical trials are needed to investigate the role of CMV in HIV disease progression.
Researchers found that APOBEC3F protein can evade VIF's destruction of retroviral restrictors, potentially contributing to HIV resistance. The 'search and destroy' defense of APOBEC proteins may play a crucial role in resisting HIV infection.