Harmless virus helps slow HIV by boosting immune proteins
Researchers found that GBV-C infection slows HIV growth and increases survival in HIV patients. The harmless virus boosts immune proteins, which prevent HIV from infecting cells.
Hiv Infections
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Late invasion of infected cells into the brain causes HIV dementia say Temple researchers
A study published by Temple University researchers debunks the longstanding 'Trojan Horse' model of HIV-caused dementia. They found that a large, late invasion of HIV-infected macrophages into the brain is responsible for the disease, not early latent infection as previously thought.
Temple virologist receives NIH grant to continue investigation of HIV dementia complex
A Temple virologist has received a grant to investigate the role of macrophages in HIV dementia complex. The researcher aims to understand how these cells contribute to the development of the condition, which affects 10% of AIDS patients, and explore potential therapies to target them.
Friendly bacteria block HIV infection
Researchers identified six Lactobacillus strains capable of binding to the HIV envelope, inhibiting infection and potentially blocking transmission. The bacteria also bound to immune cells, causing them to clump and immobilize any infected cells.
HIV takes cellular opportunities to aid infection
Researchers at the Salk Institute have made a breakthrough in understanding how HIV replicates within host cells. The study revealed that molecules exist in cells that help convert HIV's RNA genome to DNA, allowing for the production of new virus particles.
Key immune system protein reduced in HIV-associated dementia patients
Researchers discovered reduced lysozyme levels in HIV-demented patients' macrophages, suggesting impaired immune function and increased vulnerability to infections. The finding could lead to a marker for monitoring disease progression and potential new treatment targets.
Diabetes drug improves metabolic changes associated with HIV combination therapy
A new study found that the diabetes drug rosiglitazone improved insulin sensitivity in HIV patients with lipodystrophy by 20%, reversing fat loss and increasing total body fat. However, larger trials are needed to determine safety and optimal therapeutic approaches.
Elevated rates of trauma may put urban American Indian women at increased risk for contracting HIV
A study found that urban American Indian women are at higher risk for contracting HIV due to elevated rates of trauma, including physical and sexual abuse. The research suggests that these women may be exposed to HIV infection despite reports of low risk, highlighting the need for assessments of trauma and prevention measures.
'Identify and isolate'
Researchers found that simple public health measures can contain highly transmissible diseases like SARS and smallpox. In contrast, moderately transmissible viruses like HIV and pandemic influenza require more complex control measures due to early symptom onset.
Study finds HIV protein can drive immune cells away
A study found that HIV's gp120 protein can repel immune cells, dubbed fugetaxis, which could lead to a new therapeutic approach to block this activity. This mechanism may also apply to other viruses, such as pox and papilloma viruses.
Prevalence of HIV among childbearing women has declined in New York
Between 1988 and 2000, New York State's HIV prevalence among childbearing women decreased steadily, with a 49% decrease in NYC and a 24% decline statewide. This decline was largely attributed to the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy and targeted efforts aimed at minority populations.
Jay Levy honored with 2004 Abbott Laboratories Award in Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology
Jay Levy's research has significantly impacted our understanding of HIV and the immune system, leading to major breakthroughs in antiviral responses. His work has also improved the safety of blood products for hemophiliacs and shed light on the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in HIV infection.
Increased HIV risk for women with violent male partners
A South African study found that women experiencing gender-based violence are more likely to contract HIV due to abusive partners imposing risky sexual practices. The research highlights the need for effective interventions to address social constructions of masculinity and intimate partner violence in relation to HIV risk.
HIV transmission is heightened during acute infection
Research found a direct correlation between viral levels in blood and semen, with acutely infected individuals being hyper-infectious before symptoms occur. Transmission rates during heterosexual sex are likely to be much higher than previously thought during this period.
Smoking increases papillomavirus risk in HIV-infected women
HIV-infected women are 3.9 times more likely to have HPV infection at the outset of the study, and smoking significantly increases this risk. Smoking and HIV infection may each alter the natural history of HPV infection to heighten tumor risk.
HIV infection progresses to AIDS quicker in developing countries
A recent study found that HIV infection progresses to AIDS at a rate of 7.4 years in developing countries, compared to 11 years in Western developed nations. The study also revealed a higher mortality rate among men living in developing countries.
Researchers discover cold virus can 'hit and hide'
Researchers found that RSV can remain dormant in lung tissue for over 100 days after initial symptoms disappear, suggesting a possible link to recurring wheezing and childhood asthma in infected children.
HIV, West Nile virus, SARS – infections and thoracic transplantation
Researchers are investigating the safety of heart and lung transplants for HIV-positive patients when viral infections are well-controlled. Transplant teams must balance anti-rejection drugs with anti-retroviral therapies to avoid complications.
Jefferson scientists find how HIV causes dementia
Researchers at Jefferson Medical College have found that the HIV virus produces proteins that trigger biochemical pathways in the brain, resulting in brain cell death and dementia. The study suggests that removing the virus or its associated proteins may be an effective way to prevent or treat HIV-related dementia.
Risk of death among homeless women
Mortality rates among homeless women aged 18-44 are significantly higher than the general population, with a 10-fold increased risk of death. The authors suggest addressing addictions, HIV infection, and mental health issues through targeted programs to save lives.
Cell research uncovers intriguing clues to 'Trojan horse' gene in HIV infection
A study by Dr. Terri H. Finkel and colleagues identifies a gene called HALP that plays a crucial role in protecting HIV-infected cells from apoptosis. The discovery may provide clues for new treatments, including ways to prevent latent infection.
HIV finds new way to play hide and seek
Researchers discover HIV mutations that prevent immune system from recognizing protein fragments, allowing virus to replicate and increase in number. This finding highlights the importance of considering nearby regions not recognized by the immune system when designing vaccines.
JCI table of contents, 2 April 2004
A specific mutation in the KCNMB1 gene is associated with lower blood pressure, according to a study published in JCI. Researchers found that individuals with this mutation had lower diastolic blood pressure compared to those without it. The study suggests that targeting the beta1 subunit may have therapeutic potential for treating hyp...
Biology not behaviour could explain reduced risk of HIV infection for circumcised men
A new study suggests that male circumcision may protect against HIV-1 infection by removing the foreskin's high density of specific cellular targets. The study found a highly significant and specific protective effect of male circumcision on HIV-1 acquisition rates, but no protective effect against other STIs.
Primate viruses transmitted to people through bushmeat
Researchers found simian foamy virus (SFV) in 1% of Cameroonian villagers, linked to hunting and butchering primates. The study suggests retroviral zoonosis is widespread, highlighting the need for economic alternatives to reduce human-primate contact.
Bushmeat poses threat of simian retrovirus transmission to humans
Studies of rural communities in Cameroon found that people exposed to blood or body fluids from primates during hunting have a higher risk of simian retrovirus infection. Genetic analysis revealed three geographically independent human infections, acquired from different primates.
Adaptive regulatory T cells suppress killing of persistently infected cells
Researchers identified a mechanism preventing immune system destruction of chronic viral infections like herpes and HIV. Regulatory CD4+ T cells suppress normal function of CD8+ T cells in persistently infected mice, allowing virus to evade the immune system.
The catch 22 of immune response to AIDs viral infection
A recent study by Mark Feinberg and colleagues reveals that the level of immune activation directly affects the initial peak of virus in the blood stream. The researchers also found that steady-state viral levels in chronic infection are related to the generation of a primary immune response, which may be both helpful and harmful.
Atherosclerosis more common, progresses quicker in HIV patients
Researchers found HIV patients had significantly larger carotid IMT and higher rates of plaque build-up compared to uninfected controls. The study suggests HIV infection may be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, with lowest CD4 counts associated with thickest artery walls.
Those infected with HIV may benefit from infection with another virus, says Jefferson virologist
Researchers found that dual-infection with HIV and GBV-C leads to better outcomes, including slower progression to AIDS and lower mortality rates. Understanding the mechanism behind this phenomenon could lead to the development of improved therapies.
Harmless virus associated with longer life for some HIV-positive men
Research finds HIV-positive men who have persistent GBV-C infection survive longer, but the exact reason is unknown. The study of 271 participants found that those with long-term GBV-C infection lived up to 11 years after contracting HIV.
Crystal methamphetamine use increases HIV risk
The study highlights the dangers of crystal methamphetamine use on HIV risk, particularly among young men who have sex with men. Methamphetamine can suppress a part of the immune system important in fighting off HIV, increasing the risk of infection and contracting the disease.
Scientists find HIV-blocking protein in monkeys
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have identified a protein, TRIM5-alpha, that blocks HIV replication in monkey cells. This discovery opens new avenues for intervening in early HIV infection and provides critical insights into viral uncoating, a little understood step in the viral lifecycle.
Dana-Farber scientists discover natural blocker of HIV-1 virus
Researchers have identified TRIM5-alpha as a natural blocker of the HIV-1 virus, which could lead to new strategies for preventing infection that causes AIDS. The protein is found in human cells but is less effective than the monkey version, and its potency may vary among individuals.
HIV exhausts the immune system through chronic non-specific activation
Chronic HIV infection causes non-specific premature maturation of T-cells, resulting in replicative senescence and exhaustion of the immune system. This leads to an increased likelihood of opportunistic infections, making HIV so deadly.
Studies offer new insight into HIV vaccine development
Researchers at UW-Madison find that mutations allowing AIDS viruses to escape immune detection also hinder their ability to grow after transmission. The discovery may help design vaccines targeting the virus's most vulnerable spots.
Scripps scientists say genetic mutation doesn't protect against HIV and plague
A genetic mutation in the CCR5 gene does not offer protection against HIV infection, according to new research by Scripps scientist Donald Mosier. The study tested the hypothesis that the mutation, which appeared in Europe during the Middle Ages, protected against both HIV and plague.
Study findings offer new hope for the estimated 300,000 Americans infected with HIV and Hepatitis C
A multinational trial found that the combination of Pegasys and Copegus significantly increased sustained virological response rates in patients co-infected with HIV and Hepatitis C. The study reported 40% overall efficacy, including 62% efficacy for genotype 2 and 3 patients.
Alcohol abuse history could pose problems for HIV patients
Researchers found that HIV-positive patients with a history of alcohol abuse showed statistically significant impairments in verbal IQ, verbal reasoning, and reaction time compared to those without a history of alcohol dependence. Even after stopping alcohol use, these patients remained at risk for cognitive impairment.
Unsafe injections rejected as major source of HIV infection in Africa
Researchers conclude that sexual transmission remains the primary mode of HIV-1 spread in Africa. The authors also acknowledge the need for improved data to identify risks associated with unsafe injections in healthcare settings.
Black tar heroin use explains lower HIV levels among injection drug users in the Western US
A study found that cities with predominantly black tar heroin use had lower HIV infection rates among injection drug users compared to those using powder heroin. This is due to the properties of black tar heroin, which makes it difficult to transmit HIV through needle sharing.
Leading AIDS experts criticize US-sponsored HIV vaccine trial in Thailand
Leading medical schools and research institutions criticize a US-sponsored HIV vaccine trial in Thailand due to the absence of independent expert input. The trial's high cost of $119 million has also raised concerns about its scientific merit.
UCSD Medical Center receives NIH contract to set up National Tuberculosis Educational Curriculum
The University of California - San Diego Medical Center has been awarded a contract by the NIH to create a national tuberculosis educational curriculum. The goal is to raise awareness and improve education on TB, which can be controlled with effective medications. The consortium includes faculty members from 12 medical schools, six nur...
Antiviral drug, valacyclovir, reduces genital herpes transmission
A study of nearly 1,500 couples found that valacyclovir reduced HSV-2 transmission by half, with couples using condoms and valacyclovir having the lowest transmission rate. This finding adds an important option in managing genital herpes, particularly for those who are sexually active.
Use of antivirals by HIV-infected persons reduced their ability to infect partners
A study found that antiretroviral treatment significantly reduced the risk of HIV transmission from HIV-infected individuals to their partners. However, an increase in unprotected anal intercourse offset this benefit, highlighting the need for prevention interventions alongside treatment.
'Survival sex' and substance abuse may hinder HIV prevention efforts
A study found that HIV-positive women are more likely to engage in unprotected sex due to a lack of empowerment or low self-esteem. Ongoing risk-reduction counseling and substance abuse treatment are crucial to curb high-risk behavior, experts say.
Clean needles for drug injectors prevents HIV/AIDS
A new global study on HIV/AIDS indicates the effectiveness of needle and syringe exchange programmes for preventing HIV transmission among people who inject drugs. Distribution of sterile needles and syringes helps reduce HIV infection rates, with cities introducing exchanges seeing a 19% decrease in prevalence.
Emory and CDC scientists explore why most breastfed infants of HIV-positive mothers resist infection
Researchers identified several factors that may enable or prevent HIV transmission through breastfeeding, including the hostile environment of saliva and immune activation in the gastrointestinal tract. Protective factors include natural killer cells, natural antibodies, and specific antibody responses.
Study shows promise for HIV-infected liver transplant recipients
A study of HIV-infected patients undergoing liver transplantation found improved survival rates compared to HIV-negative patients. Poorer survival was associated with postoperative intolerance, low CD4 counts, and hepatitis C coinfection.
Elements of green tea prevent HIV from binding to human T cells
Researchers found that green tea catechin EGCG effectively prevents HIV from binding to human T cells, a breakthrough in the fight against HIV. Further research is needed to explore the potential clinical application of EGCG as an anti-HIV drug.
Jefferson Scientists define new cell type that may lead to clues about Kaposi's sarcoma
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have identified a new cell type, the dermal dendrocyte, that increases in number in tumors of early human Kaposi's sarcoma. The discovery offers a potential tool for studying the disease and its connection to abnormal wound healing and other conditions.
New TB vaccine shows promise in HIV infection
A new TB vaccine, using a killed Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine, has shown to enhance immunity against TB in both HIV-positive and negative patients. The study, conducted in Finland and Tanzania, suggests the vaccine may be an effective tool in preventing TB among high-risk populations.
New CDC-funded HIV program at UNC integrates treatment with prevention
The new program combines counseling and education efforts with medical therapy to reduce HIV levels in patients. The initiative aims to assess the impact of integrating prevention services into primary care on HIV risk behaviors and outcomes.
Children with HIV more likely to utilize health services than infected adults
A recent study published by Johns Hopkins Medicine reveals that children with HIV are more likely to visit healthcare providers and receive outpatient care compared to adults. The study found that 90% of HIV-infected children receive antiretroviral medications, highlighting the need for improved access to services.
Case researchers discover the mouth's defenses against AIDS
A study by Case Western Reserve University researchers found that human beta defensins 2 and 3 in the mouth's lining can inhibit HIV-1 replication and regulate viral receptors. This discovery has potential for developing new medical interventions using natural products to prevent HIV infection, particularly in high-risk areas.
Substantial survival increase after highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection
The study found substantial survival increases after HAART, with death rates reduced by 50% in 1997 and over 80% by 2001. Injecting drug users had four times higher death rates than those infected through homosexual contact. Earlier diagnosis maximizes treatment gains.
Proteins enable HIV to override cell's defenses
Researchers identified a new link in the chain allowing HIV to overcome cellular resistant factor and infect human cells. Disruption of Cul5-SCF function reduces HIV infectiousness by 90%, paving the way for new therapies.
UC Riverside plant pathologist awarded $1 million grant to study virus assembly
Rao's research aims to understand the mechanism of virus assembly, a crucial step in viral transmission and disease spread. By studying the brome mosaic virus, his lab hopes to develop new strategies for blocking virus assembly and preventing disease.
PET scans used to determine progression of HIV infection
A study found that PET scans can detect activation of lymph nodes in HIV-infected individuals, suggesting potential targets for treatment. Researchers propose using PET scans to locate active nodes and target them with radiation or removal.
Pet scans could provide insight into HIV-1 progression
Researchers found distinct lymphoid tissue activation patterns in patients with acute, mid-stage, and late HIV-1 disease. PET scans showed predictable sequence of lymph node involvement, suggesting potential for treatment interruptions during active node removal.