Articles tagged with Viral Infections
A scientific method paper and video demonstrating a laboratory technique used to study mitochondrial dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease and other disorders has gone viral. The technique, which measures the electrical potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane, has been accessed by more than 14,000 scientists worldwide.
A new study challenges the long-held theory that antibodies are essential for antiviral immunity. Researchers found that mice infected with the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) could survive even without producing antibodies, as their B cells produced a chemical that maintained innate immune cells called macrophages.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital discovered memory T cells living in skin that protect against infection and disease. These resident cells are more important for immunity than previously thought and suggest a fundamental shift in how vaccines are designed and delivered.
Researchers discovered that natural killer T cells reduce the accumulation of inflammatory monocytes, leading to decreased lung injury and improved outcomes in severe flu infections. The study provides a platform for new approaches to mitigate the deadly effects of all flu strains.
Researchers discovered that IL-8 monomers and dimers interact differently with cell-surface molecules in different body tissues, influencing neutrophil recruitment. This fundamental mechanism regulates neutrophil function and could help control runaway inflammation and related tissue damage in diseases such as sepsis.
Two new studies published in Annals of Internal Medicine highlight the importance of rapid diagnosis and treatment of flu. Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) are found to be accurate at diagnosing the flu but not ruling it out, requiring follow-up testing.
Researchers propose a new approach to treating infectious diseases by targeting tolerance to infection. This strategy aims to reduce tissue damage and promote host protection. By distinguishing between failed resistance and failed tolerance, scientists can choose more effective therapeutic approaches.
Researchers are developing a norovirus vaccine using Virus-Like Particles, which mimic actual noroviruses to stimulate a robust immune response. The vaccine aims to combat the highly contagious and often severe gastrointestinal illness caused by noroviruses.
A new global analysis reveals that water-associated infectious disease outbreaks are more likely to occur in areas with growing population density. The research used a massive database of 1,428 water-associated disease outbreaks and found that population density was the greatest risk factor for these outbreaks.
Researchers found that cytotoxic T lymphocytes are triggered by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released after cell death, which signals a strong immune response. The presence of interleukin 33 (IL-33) amplifies this response, holding promise for developing new vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer.
Dr. Zhijian Chen has been recognized for his contributions to understanding cancer and immunity through the discovery of a central signaling pathway component and an unprecedented role for mitochondria in fighting viral infections.
Researchers found that MHC genes, which distinguish self from foreign proteins, undergo an 'arms race' with germs, favoring the retention of diverse genes. This diversity is crucial for mounting a defense against novel pathogens.
A recent study from University of Utah biologists found that the diversity of immune-system MHC genes is maintained through an 'arms race' between genes and germs, where pathogens evolve to evade the immune response, but also create new opportunities for other variants to emerge. This phenomenon helps explain why some disease-susceptib...
Scientists from MIT and partners have developed a way to produce liver-like cells from induced pluripotent stem cells, which can be infected with hepatitis C. This allows for the study of why people respond differently to the infection, potentially leading to personalized medicine.
Researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health conducted a case-control study to investigate the link between Borna disease virus and psychiatric illness. The study found no evidence of active or historical infection with BDV in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.
Abnormal regulation of viral sensors can lead to autoimmune pathology, according to a new study using a mouse model of human autoimmune disease. The research identifies key pathways linking DNA detection with IFN production and drives different aspects of the immune response.
Researchers at Michigan State University show that a virus called Lambda evolves complex and potentially deadly new traits through four mutations. The study suggests that natural selection played a key role in the virus' evolution, promoting adaptation by survival of the fittest.
Researchers at Michigan State University demonstrate how a new virus, Lambda, evolves to attack host cells through a new receptor. The study shows that four mutations are required for this innovation to occur, and natural selection plays an important role in the virus' evolution.
A new diagnosis technique has been developed to detect influenza virus infection in just 40 minutes, surpassing conventional methods in speed and sensitivity. This technique was confirmed through clinical research conducted in Japan during the 2009 pandemic, demonstrating its effectiveness in rapidly identifying infected patients.
Researchers at the University of Illinois College of Medicine have identified a molecule embedded in liver cells that enables hepatitis C virus entry. Ezetimibe, an FDA-approved cholesterol drug, has been shown to inhibit HCV infection and may provide a new treatment option for patients.
Scientists have discovered a gene that regulates the function of Natural Killer cells, which play a crucial role in the immune system's first line of defense. By blocking this receptor, they found that NK cells become more effective at combating microorganisms and tumor cells, opening up new therapeutic possibilities.
Professor Masao Matsuoka has been awarded the 2011 Retrovirology Prize for his exceptional work on the HBZ genes in HTLV-1 associated diseases. His research showed that HBZ promotes T cell proliferation and induces lymphomas and inflammations.
Researchers at UBC have found a way to block infection from the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the liver, leading to new therapies for those affected by this and other infectious diseases. The approach could benefit millions of people globally.
The hepatitis C virus has evolved a unique relationship with the liver's miR-122 microRNA to stabilize its RNA and promote efficient replication. A new experimental antiviral drug works by binding to and sequestering this microRNA, destabilizing viral genome and accelerating degradation.
Researchers found that prior immune response to one serotype can influence interaction with virus subtypes in a subsequent infection, increasing risk of severe disease. The study provides new insights into the complex interplay between viral genetics and immune system response.
A study by the Broad Institute and University of California, Berkeley, has linked a person's immune status to the viral genetics of dengue, revealing how these two factors interact to cause severe disease. The research showed that immunity from previous infections and genetic variants of the virus combined to increase disease severity.
Researchers have discovered a new strategy to treat Parkinson's disease by injecting a viral protein that stabilizes mitochondria in rats with a PD-like disease. The approach has shown promising results, as rats treated with the protein performed better on behavioral and motor function tests.
Researchers found a method to damage adenoviruses using plasma in the lab environment, reducing viral activity by up to 99%. The technique could lead to safer stem-cell therapies for patients at risk of life-threatening infections.
A new study found that mannose-binding lectin (MBL) plays a key role in targeting and destroying dengue viruses. Individuals with high levels of MBL may be better equipped to fight off the disease. This discovery could lead to the development of antivirals and vaccines to boost the immune response.
The study found an enzyme called 3D which forms fibrous structures during viral replication. A molecule to prevent this formation has been identified, providing a new avenue for exploration and potentially leading to a treatment for foot-and-mouth disease.
A Phase I/II study demonstrated the experimental norovirus VLP vaccine significantly reduces the incidence of gastroenteritis due to norovirus, with a 47% reduction compared to placebo. The vaccine also increased antibody titers and functional responses in subjects, indicating increased protection against illness.
A study found that green tea flavonoid EGCG inhibits the entry of hepatitis C virus into liver cells, suggesting a potential antiviral strategy to prevent reinfection following liver transplantation. The researchers investigated the effect of EGCG on HCV in preventing attachment and spread within liver cells.
A study published in Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology found that 43 healthcare workers who never used masks during patient encounters became infected with the 2009 H1N1 virus, while 20 who wore masks at least once did not contract the disease. The findings highlight the importance of proper mask use among healthcare workers.
Researchers have developed a method to diagnose coral diseases using quantitative-PCR technology, which can detect pathogens at low levels. This will help control the impact of disease on coral reefs affected by rapid coastal development, declining water quality, and climate change.
Researchers identified a new immune system defect in aged mice that makes them more susceptible to severe respiratory viral infections. Inhibiting the immune molecule PGD2 can reverse this defect, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for older patients with severe respiratory viral infections.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have determined the atomic structure of a protein used by the Lassa fever virus to replicate within infected cells. The study reveals an unexpected molecular crevice where the viral protein grips viral genes, making it a target for potential antiviral drugs.
A study by researchers at the Medical College of Wisconsin suggests a possible link between norovirus and food allergies. The team found an immunoglobulin E response to egg protein in mice infected with norovirus, indicating a potential connection between gastrointestinal viruses and allergic diseases like asthma.
Researchers at National Jewish Health have discovered a natural lipid, POPG, that inhibits influenza infections in cell cultures and mouse models. The molecule suppresses inflammatory responses, viral propagation, and cell death associated with influenza infection.
A research team at NIST has identified the genetic structure of the infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), which may play a critical role in its reproduction. This discovery could lead to new approaches for interfering with the replication of these viruses, potentially mitigating the effects of ISAV on the aquaculture industry.
Scientists identified a molecule that manipulates plant development to favor insect hosts, increasing leafhopper reproduction and pathogen transmission. This phenomenon demonstrates the extended phenotype, where an organism's impact on its environment extends beyond biological processes.
A human monoclonal antibody significantly suppressed hepatitis C virus (HCV) levels in liver transplant patients, delaying viral rebound. The treatment also reduced HCV-related liver damage and improved patient outcomes.
Scientists have developed a new material made from chitosan that effectively captures influenza viruses before they can infect people. This breakthrough could lead to improved vaccinations and anti-influenza medications.
A recent study published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology found that mild fever-range hyperthermia enhances the generation and differentiation of CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, which can destroy virus-infected cells and tumor cells.
A 2010 outbreak involving 13 NBA teams highlights the risk of norovirus among athletes and staff. Strict hygiene measures, including hand washing and disinfecting, can limit transmission and prevent illnesses.
Researchers have identified adult stem cells that can regenerate lung tissue, providing hope for new treatments of acute and chronic airway diseases. The findings suggest that the lungs have a remarkable ability to regenerate after infection, with stem cells proliferating rapidly and assembling into alveolar-like structures.
Natural killer cells, part of the immune system, can detect and kill anthrax bacteria both inside and outside human cells. The cells' rapid response may provide a crucial boost to treatment, potentially improving antibiotic effects.
A meta-analysis found that licensed influenza vaccines in the USA have critical gaps in evidence for effectiveness, especially in high-risk individuals and those over 65. The study suggests a need for more highly effective and cross-protective vaccines to combat seasonal influenza and potential pandemics.
A new study by University of North Carolina Health Care reveals that obesity impairs the immune system's ability to fight flu viruses. The research found that obese individuals experience a decline in antibody levels and defective CD8+ T cells after receiving the annual flu shot, making them more susceptible to flu illness.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have identified four US strains of the hepatitis E virus in farmed rabbits, closely related to genotype 3, which can spread from animals to humans. The discovery raises concerns about the potential for zoonotic transmission and food safety risks.
Research from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study found that 47.6% of hepatocellular carcinoma cases were associated with smoking, while chronic hepatitis B and C infection was the strongest risk factor. The study also highlights the importance of quitting smoking to reduce liver cancer risk.
Research reveals that West Nile virus transmission is highest in urbanized and agricultural areas, with the American robin playing a key role as a 'super-spreader'. Mosquito species that feed on robins are more important in transmission than other birds.
Research finds West Nile virus transmission is highest in urbanized and agricultural habitats, with robins and specific mosquito species playing a crucial role. The virus has had an impact on human health, particularly due to its ability to target abundant bird species.
A new treatment for the deadly Hendra virus has proven successful in primate tests, with all 12 treated animals surviving after infection. The antibody m102.4 has shown strong activity against both Hendra and Nipah viruses.
A human antibody given to monkeys infected with Hendra virus completely protected them from disease. The study results are cause for hope that the antibody may be developed into a possible treatment for people who become infected with these viruses.
A collaborative research team has developed an effective therapy against Hendra virus, giving an anti-virus human monoclonal antibody therapy after exposure protected animals from lethal disease. The study demonstrates promising results and offers a real potential treatment for Hendra virus infection in people.
A neutralizing human monoclonal antibody, m102.4, has been developed to protect against Hendra virus infection, showing promise as a potential treatment for severe illness and death in humans. The antibody attacks a critical component of the virus, preventing its infection of cells.
A Scripps Florida scientist has been awarded a $2.2 million grant to explore the role of host cell signaling pathways in HCV-induced liver cancer. The research aims to identify new therapeutic targets for treating chronic HCV infections.
A new method for quickly identifying individual viruses can help control winter vomiting disease and other virus-based illnesses. The method could save lives in developing countries and reduce stress on healthcare systems in the west.
Researchers discovered that a previously unrecognized population of immune cells in the lungs orchestrate the body's repair response following flu infection. The activation of these cells is central to tissue repair at lung surfaces and could promote wound healing following other respiratory infections.
A French study found professional goat exposure increases risk of pneumonic-type lung adenocarcinoma (P-ADC) fivefold compared to other lung cancers. P-ADC is more common in females and those with no smoking history.