Articles tagged with Viral Infections
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A Phase I/II study demonstrated the experimental norovirus VLP vaccine significantly reduces the incidence of gastroenteritis due to norovirus, with a 47% reduction compared to placebo. The vaccine also increased antibody titers and functional responses in subjects, indicating increased protection against illness.
A study found that green tea flavonoid EGCG inhibits the entry of hepatitis C virus into liver cells, suggesting a potential antiviral strategy to prevent reinfection following liver transplantation. The researchers investigated the effect of EGCG on HCV in preventing attachment and spread within liver cells.
A study published in Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology found that 43 healthcare workers who never used masks during patient encounters became infected with the 2009 H1N1 virus, while 20 who wore masks at least once did not contract the disease. The findings highlight the importance of proper mask use among healthcare workers.
Researchers have developed a method to diagnose coral diseases using quantitative-PCR technology, which can detect pathogens at low levels. This will help control the impact of disease on coral reefs affected by rapid coastal development, declining water quality, and climate change.
Researchers identified a new immune system defect in aged mice that makes them more susceptible to severe respiratory viral infections. Inhibiting the immune molecule PGD2 can reverse this defect, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for older patients with severe respiratory viral infections.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have determined the atomic structure of a protein used by the Lassa fever virus to replicate within infected cells. The study reveals an unexpected molecular crevice where the viral protein grips viral genes, making it a target for potential antiviral drugs.
A study by researchers at the Medical College of Wisconsin suggests a possible link between norovirus and food allergies. The team found an immunoglobulin E response to egg protein in mice infected with norovirus, indicating a potential connection between gastrointestinal viruses and allergic diseases like asthma.
Researchers at National Jewish Health have discovered a natural lipid, POPG, that inhibits influenza infections in cell cultures and mouse models. The molecule suppresses inflammatory responses, viral propagation, and cell death associated with influenza infection.
A research team at NIST has identified the genetic structure of the infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), which may play a critical role in its reproduction. This discovery could lead to new approaches for interfering with the replication of these viruses, potentially mitigating the effects of ISAV on the aquaculture industry.
Scientists identified a molecule that manipulates plant development to favor insect hosts, increasing leafhopper reproduction and pathogen transmission. This phenomenon demonstrates the extended phenotype, where an organism's impact on its environment extends beyond biological processes.
A human monoclonal antibody significantly suppressed hepatitis C virus (HCV) levels in liver transplant patients, delaying viral rebound. The treatment also reduced HCV-related liver damage and improved patient outcomes.
Scientists have developed a new material made from chitosan that effectively captures influenza viruses before they can infect people. This breakthrough could lead to improved vaccinations and anti-influenza medications.
A recent study published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology found that mild fever-range hyperthermia enhances the generation and differentiation of CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, which can destroy virus-infected cells and tumor cells.
A 2010 outbreak involving 13 NBA teams highlights the risk of norovirus among athletes and staff. Strict hygiene measures, including hand washing and disinfecting, can limit transmission and prevent illnesses.
Researchers have identified adult stem cells that can regenerate lung tissue, providing hope for new treatments of acute and chronic airway diseases. The findings suggest that the lungs have a remarkable ability to regenerate after infection, with stem cells proliferating rapidly and assembling into alveolar-like structures.
Natural killer cells, part of the immune system, can detect and kill anthrax bacteria both inside and outside human cells. The cells' rapid response may provide a crucial boost to treatment, potentially improving antibiotic effects.
A meta-analysis found that licensed influenza vaccines in the USA have critical gaps in evidence for effectiveness, especially in high-risk individuals and those over 65. The study suggests a need for more highly effective and cross-protective vaccines to combat seasonal influenza and potential pandemics.
A new study by University of North Carolina Health Care reveals that obesity impairs the immune system's ability to fight flu viruses. The research found that obese individuals experience a decline in antibody levels and defective CD8+ T cells after receiving the annual flu shot, making them more susceptible to flu illness.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have identified four US strains of the hepatitis E virus in farmed rabbits, closely related to genotype 3, which can spread from animals to humans. The discovery raises concerns about the potential for zoonotic transmission and food safety risks.
Research from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study found that 47.6% of hepatocellular carcinoma cases were associated with smoking, while chronic hepatitis B and C infection was the strongest risk factor. The study also highlights the importance of quitting smoking to reduce liver cancer risk.
Research reveals that West Nile virus transmission is highest in urbanized and agricultural areas, with the American robin playing a key role as a 'super-spreader'. Mosquito species that feed on robins are more important in transmission than other birds.
Research finds West Nile virus transmission is highest in urbanized and agricultural habitats, with robins and specific mosquito species playing a crucial role. The virus has had an impact on human health, particularly due to its ability to target abundant bird species.
A new treatment for the deadly Hendra virus has proven successful in primate tests, with all 12 treated animals surviving after infection. The antibody m102.4 has shown strong activity against both Hendra and Nipah viruses.
A human antibody given to monkeys infected with Hendra virus completely protected them from disease. The study results are cause for hope that the antibody may be developed into a possible treatment for people who become infected with these viruses.
A collaborative research team has developed an effective therapy against Hendra virus, giving an anti-virus human monoclonal antibody therapy after exposure protected animals from lethal disease. The study demonstrates promising results and offers a real potential treatment for Hendra virus infection in people.
A neutralizing human monoclonal antibody, m102.4, has been developed to protect against Hendra virus infection, showing promise as a potential treatment for severe illness and death in humans. The antibody attacks a critical component of the virus, preventing its infection of cells.
A Scripps Florida scientist has been awarded a $2.2 million grant to explore the role of host cell signaling pathways in HCV-induced liver cancer. The research aims to identify new therapeutic targets for treating chronic HCV infections.
A new method for quickly identifying individual viruses can help control winter vomiting disease and other virus-based illnesses. The method could save lives in developing countries and reduce stress on healthcare systems in the west.
Researchers discovered that a previously unrecognized population of immune cells in the lungs orchestrate the body's repair response following flu infection. The activation of these cells is central to tissue repair at lung surfaces and could promote wound healing following other respiratory infections.
A French study found professional goat exposure increases risk of pneumonic-type lung adenocarcinoma (P-ADC) fivefold compared to other lung cancers. P-ADC is more common in females and those with no smoking history.
A study by UCLA scientists has found the first evidence of the H1N1 virus in animals in Africa, with 89% of pigs studied showing exposure to the virus. The discovery highlights the rapid spread of diseases globally and the importance of understanding viral transmission between humans, wild animals, and domestic animals.
Researchers discovered proteins and genetic material from the 1918 influenza virus in specimens from 37 soldiers, including four who died between May and August 1918. The findings suggest that the virus did not undergo a dramatic change during the pandemic, contributing to unusually high mortality.
A species of mosquito capable of transmitting West Nile virus has been found on Galapagos Islands, posing a significant risk to the archipelago's unique wildlife. Strict insect control measures and further research are recommended to prevent the disease from reaching the islands.
Researchers identified a specific receptor-based mechanism that triggers cytokine storms, leading to severe lung damage and organ failure. The discovery opens new possibilities for treating this condition with targeted therapies.
A new study reveals that endothelial cells release cytokines in response to flu infection, rather than virus-infected cells. This finding opens the door for a new type of flu therapy targeting these immune responses.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that patients with hepatitis C who received a telaprevir-based regimen for 24 weeks had a high cure rate. This suggests that extended treatment is unnecessary and may lead to better medication adherence and reduced side effects.
A study published in PLoS Medicine found that genotyping patients with hepatitis C can improve doctors' ability to predict treatment response. The study identified an interaction between IL28B, HLA-C, and KIR genes as a mechanism for viral control, potentially leading to improved therapies.
Researchers have identified a specific viral gene responsible for manipulating the behavior of infected European gypsy moth caterpillars, causing them to climb high into trees and die. This phenomenon, known as Wipfelkrankheit, offers a new insight into how viruses can influence host behavior.
Researchers at Penn State discovered that a viral gene in gypsy moths manipulates their hormones to induce continuous eating and prevent molting, causing them to climb and die on treetops. This behavior enhances transmission of the virus to new hosts.
The Donald Danforth Plant Science Center will develop two cassava varieties resistant to CBSD and CMD, aiming to improve crop yield in Sub Saharan Africa. The project has received $11.9 million in funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Monsanto Fund, Howard Buffett Foundation, and USAID.
A new study found that persistent HPV infections are associated with a higher risk of cervical cancer. The researchers suggest that re-testing every two years for HPV-positive women can provide useful guidance on the duration of infection and its risk.
A new study found that plerixafor, a drug already approved for bone marrow transplants, corrects panleukopenia in patients with WHIM syndrome. This targeted therapy may provide a more effective treatment for this rare immune deficiency.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have discovered protein signals responsible for preserving anti-viral antibody memory. The study highlights how BLyS and APRIL sustain cells that produce antibodies against viruses, crucial knowledge for vaccine development.
Scientists at WashU Medicine reveal that CD8 alpha+ dendritic cells (CD8a+ DCs) help fight infections, but can also be hijacked by bacteria like Listeria to cause harm. The trait that makes these cells both an asset and a liability is the way they alert other immune cells.
Researchers identify Niemann-Pick C1 as critical protein for Ebola virus entry, paving the way for potential antiviral treatments. The discovery improves chances of developing drugs that directly combat Ebola infections.
A common bacterium, Wolbachia, has been found to prevent the Aedes aegypti mosquito from transmitting the dengue virus, a major public health threat. The discovery offers a promising alternative to current control methods and could have a transformative effect on global health.
Researchers have successfully controlled Dengue fever in northern Australia by releasing Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, which suppress the virus and prevent transmission. The study demonstrates a promising approach to eliminating this disease, with potential applications in other regions.
Researchers identified Niemann-Pick C1 as a critical cellular protein for Ebola virus entry, allowing scientists to develop antiviral drugs. The discovery offers a promising strategy to combat the deadly virus.
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have discovered a key cellular protein, Niemann-Pick C1, that is essential for the Ebola virus to infect cells. The finding suggests a possible strategy for blocking infection due to Ebola virus, which has killed up to 90% of those infected in some outbreaks.
Researchers at the Trudeau Institute have discovered that FluMist elicits protection by inducing a very early non-specific immune response in the lungs, which is protective against both matching and non-matching influenza strains. This response also limits lung inflammation and reduces susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections.
The bivalent HPV vaccine has been shown to protect against anal HPV 16 and 18 infections, preventing nearly 84% of cases in women without prior exposure. The vaccine also offers cross-protective efficacy against other cancer-causing HPV types, suggesting a broader potential for prevention of HPV-associated cancers.
Veterinary researcher Scott Kenney received a prestigious USDA grant to investigate the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis behind porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. The two-year grant aims to better understand how the virus causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory diseases in piglets.
Researchers have created a new candidate vaccine to protect against chikungunya, a mosquito-borne disease that causes intense pain and chronic arthritis. The experimental vaccine, a recombinant live-attenuated vaccine, has shown promising results in lab mice, offering a potential solution to this debilitating infection.
The DYCAST program successfully predicted where 81.6% of human cases of the West Nile virus would arise in California in 2005. By using biological parameters, the model identified high-risk areas with a risk 39 times higher than low-risk areas, allowing for targeted mosquito control and reduced human illness.
Researchers have identified a genetic mechanism that enables viruses to infect plants, causing diseases. By targeting the CHL1 gene, CMV and its satellite virus cause yellowing symptoms in plants by preventing chlorophyll production. This breakthrough allows for the development of altered plant varieties with resistant genes.
Scientists at UMass Chan Medical School discovered a novel DNA-sensing pathway that contributes to the triggering of an innate immune response in malaria. This pathway leads to the production of excessive type-1 interferon, causing inflammation and fever in patients.
Researchers have successfully assembled the Bluetongue virus outside a cell, paving the way for the development of more effective vaccines. This breakthrough could lead to vaccines with useful new properties, such as tags that distinguish vaccinated animals from those that have recovered.
Researchers at Humabs BioMed SA have discovered the first antibody to target all 16 hemagglutinin subtypes of influenza A, representing a promising treatment option for severe cases of flu. The novel monoclonal antibody, FI6, has been shown to protect mice and ferrets from infection by influenza A virus using multiple mechanisms.
Researchers track both clinical cases of West Nile Virus and infected mosquito populations to identify 'danger zones' and predict outbreaks. They also analyze the virus's genetic types, dynamics, and mobility to better understand its migration patterns.
A study found that only 59.8% of health care students had documentation of complete hepatitis B vaccination, while 83.8% were protected against infection when tested for antibodies. The rates are lower than the US government's Healthy People 2010 goal of 90% hepatitis B vaccination coverage among health care workers.