Articles tagged with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Researchers will examine alcohol marketing and its role in early alcohol use among African youth acquiring HIV in Uganda. The project aims to develop communication messages and materials for a counter marketing campaign to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Researchers at King's College London have discovered a new gene called MX2 that may prevent HIV from spreading after it enters the body. The study found that expressing the MX2 gene can inhibit HIV replication and replication.
A recent study by La Jolla Institute scientist Shane Crotty found that follicular helper T (Tfh) cells play a key role in generating broad neutralizing antibodies against HIV. The research showed a correlation between Tfh cell levels and antibody response, suggesting these cells may serve as an indicator for vaccine development.
Researchers have determined the high-resolution atomic structure of a cell-surface receptor used by most strains of HIV to infect human immune cells. The study provides detailed insights into how HIV attaches to cells and blocks its entry, guiding the development of next-generation drugs.
Researchers have determined the high-resolution structure of CCR5, one of two co-receptors used by HIV to enter human cells. The study provides insights into how HIV fuses with cells and may aid in developing new drugs targeting this receptor.
Researchers discovered that levels of certain fats in cerebral spinal fluid can predict cognitive decline in HIV patients. The findings suggest that these fat markers reflect changes in brain metabolism, disrupting the 'garbage disposals' and leading to cognitive declines.
A substudy within the Partners PrEP Study shows that high adherence to antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) significantly reduces the risk of HIV transmission in serodiscordant couples. With over 99% adherence rate, only 14 participants became HIV-positive during an average follow-up period.
A UCLA study demonstrates that combining behavioral science with social media and online communities can lead to increased HIV testing and encouraged significant behavioral change among high-risk groups. The approach proved to be one of the best HIV-prevention methods on the Internet, with high retention rates and successful engagement.
Researchers created a synthetic polymer that mimics the binding of HIV to immune system cells, effectively blocking the virus from entering the body. The study suggests this polymer could be used in condoms or vaginal gels to prevent the spread of HIV by sexual contact.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that community voluntary male circumcision services in Orange Farm, South Africa significantly reduced HIV infection levels. The study estimated that without circumcision procedures, the HIV rate among men living in this community would have been 15% in 2011.
A Facebook intervention led to increased HIV testing among high-risk men, with a peer-led group showing significant results. The study found that more participants requested an HIV testing kit after 12 weeks compared to the control group.
Current HIV elimination agenda focuses on mother-to-child transmission prevention, but neglects pediatric treatment, resulting in high morbidity and mortality among children. The paper argues for an expanded agenda to ensure all children receive antiretroviral therapy and care.
A culturally tailored HIV prevention program has been shown to significantly reduce unprotected sex among bisexual black men. The innovative approach, MAALES, takes a holistic approach to minimizing behaviors that could put men at risk for HIV.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine and Brazilian experts found that preventive antibiotic therapy for people with HIV lowers their chances of developing TB or dying. Isoniazid therapy reduced deaths and new cases of active TB disease by 31 percent among men and women already infected with HIV.
A new study by Michigan State University found that improved caregiver training can significantly enhance the development of HIV-infected children. The program also reduces depression in caregivers, who are often the children's mothers and must work long hours to provide food.
Scientists have successfully transmitted HIV in a mouse model of heterosexual intercourse, shedding light on the complexities of viral transmission and potential prevention methods. The study's findings suggest that hormonal factors in the female reproductive tract can impact host susceptibility to HIV infection.
Regular exercise regimen helps mitigate neurocognitive impairments in patients living with HIV, reducing risk factors like high blood pressure and lipids. Exercise also improves working memory and processing speed.
Researchers found that community-based pharmacies can be effective locations for offering rapid HIV testing and connecting those who test positive with medical care quickly. The study used five community-based pharmacies in the Bronx and Manhattan to test hard-to-reach individuals, resulting in six positive cases and improved access to...
The new guidelines recommend immediate use of a combination of three or more antiretroviral drugs after any occupational exposure to HIV, eliminating the previous recommendation to assess individual exposure risk. Exposed healthcare personnel should complete a full four-week regimen and undergo follow-up testing and monitoring.
A randomized trial found that universal HIV screening in emergency departments detected nearly as many cases as targeted screening, despite requiring fewer tests. The study suggests that broad criteria and sufficient resources can detect most cases with reduced testing numbers.
The LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans School of Dentistry has been awarded a $1.8 million grant to educate dental students about caring for HIV/AIDS patients and provide dental services to this population. Over 2,000 patients received dental care last year alone, with thousands more provided since the program's inception.
Experts warn that widespread use of Truvada for HIV prevention may lead to unintended consequences, including increased transmission of other STIs. Daily dosing, safer sex counseling, and regular testing are crucial for successful PrEP implementation.
Researchers at George Mason University have discovered that genistein, found in soybeans, can inhibit HIV infection by blocking cellular signals. The study's early findings suggest that genistein may be used as a complement treatment for HIV infection, potentially addressing drug toxicity issues.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences identifies a genetic mutation in Africans with HIV that increases their risk of tuberculosis. The research found that low expression of immune response gene MIF confers almost a two-and-a-half fold increased risk for severe TB.
A peer-led intervention developed by a nursing researcher at the University of Missouri helps individuals with HIV adhere to their treatment plans. The program improves patients' quality of life and reduces the risk of spreading the virus.
Researchers found community pharmacists want a more active role in HIV treatment, aiming to build relationships with customers during test sales. Pharmacists believe their role can help strengthen healthcare infrastructure, particularly in rural areas where stigmatized feelings hinder testing and care.
Researchers will assess the effectiveness of palliative care home health visits in treating people with HIV and other chronic illnesses. The four-year study aims to improve quality of life and outcomes for patients with HIV, focusing on symptom management, coping, and advance care planning.
A study published in Menopause found that women with HIV suffer from moderate to severe hot flashes, which significantly impact their daily functioning and overall well-being. The study also highlighted the potential risks of hot flashes on their health, HIV treatment, and ability to abstain from drugs and alcohol.
Researchers have discovered that a reduced daily dose of the antiretroviral medication efavirenz is both safe and effective in suppressing HIV. The findings could lead to lower treatment costs and increased access to life-saving therapy for millions worldwide.
The World Health Organization's new guidelines call for immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all HIV-infected children under five years of age. DNDi and Cipla are expediting the development of urgently needed 4-in-1 ARVs adapted for babies and toddlers with HIV, to be delivered by 2015.
AIDSVu, a detailed publicly available view of HIV prevalence in the US, has released updated maps displaying 2010 data and recent national HIV prevalence data. The new maps highlight urban cores with higher HIV rates and show disparities among black and Hispanic/Latino Americans.
Researchers found that work provides emotional support and extra financial resources for women with HIV, enabling them to better self-manage daily tasks. The study also highlights the importance of job training programs and microenterprises in improving the lives of these women.
Baligh Yehia has received the 2013 ICAAC Young Investigator Award for his pioneering work in HIV health services and quality research. He is recognized for his contributions to developing policies on healthcare reform, access to medical care, and performance measurement.
Research suggests that improved training in communication and interpersonal skills may help improve health, immune function, and reduce the spread of HIV. Patients who feel respected by their physicians are more likely to keep scheduled appointments and adhere to medical regimens.
A study reveals significant age disparities in HIV continuum of care, with people under 45 years less likely to be aware of their infection or have a suppressed viral load. Early diagnosis and prompt care are crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality, but many patients face barriers to access treatment.
In the UK, healthcare staff cannot test unconscious patients for HIV without consent, despite the risk of infection and potential psychological impact. Experts argue that changing the law would protect both patients and healthcare workers.
A new study found that injection drug users living with HIV/AIDS who were food insecure at the start of life-prolonging antiretroviral therapy were twice as likely to die compared to those who were food secure. Researchers also found that hunger was not a primary cause of mortality in this population.
A New York City program successfully located 689 out of 797 HIV-positive patients who were presumed lost to follow-up, with 77% of these patients accepting appointments at an HIV clinic and 57% returning to treatment. The effort aimed to re-engage patients in care and identify new cases of HIV infection among their sexual partners.
Scientists have determined the precise chemical structure of the HIV capsid using a combination of laboratory techniques and computational simulations. The resulting structure revealed 216 protein hexagons and 12 protein pentagons, which work together to form the cone-shaped capsid.
Effective mental health interventions can be implemented by trained non-specialized providers in HIV care, reducing the opportunity costs of care. Multidisciplinary collaboration is crucial for successful integration of mental health services into comprehensive HIV/AIDS treatment platforms.
Researchers found that a peer-referral program increased HIV diagnoses and reached uninsured populations. The study suggests that social network testing programs can be implemented in healthcare settings to provide valuable access into high-risk communities.
A study published in Violence Against Women reveals that countries with high girl child marriage rates have significantly higher maternal and infant mortality rates. The research suggests a 70% reduction in maternal mortality could be achieved by reducing girl child marriage rates by just 10%. The findings support greater advocacy and ...
The new tool uses neutralization fingerprinting to identify specific types of HIV antibodies present in a blood sample. This approach is particularly useful when other methods are not feasible and can significantly reduce the time required for analysis.
The University of Rochester has been designated a Center for AIDS Research by the National Institutes of Health, with $7.5 million in new funding to advance HIV/AIDS research. The CFAR will focus on brain and aging effects, as well as RNA biology, with collaborations between departments.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to represent HIV-infected cell reproduction, revealing significant uncontrolled replication in sanctuary sites. The discovery implies current antiretroviral therapies may not be as complete in suppressing HIV as previously thought.
Researchers at Temple University School of Medicine found that synthetic anti-inflammatory substances related to marijuana's active ingredient can attenuate HIV replication in macrophages. This discovery could lead to new drug therapies for HIV/AIDS, leveraging the human immune system's natural defenses.
The USPSTF recommends screening all adults and adolescents aged 15-65 and pregnant women for HIV to improve clinical outcomes and reduce mother-to-child transmission rates. Universal screening is associated with minimal harm and targeted screening misses a substantial number of cases.
The AfriCoLeish project aims to test new treatments for kala-azar and co-infection with HIV in Ethiopia and Sudan, providing a shorter combination treatment option. The project will also determine appropriate treatment strategies for co-infected patients to prevent relapses.
Researchers investigated the recreational use of HIV antiretroviral drug efavirenz, which is commonly used to treat HIV. Studies found that its diversion for psychoactive effects can lead to adverse neuropsychiatric complications and potentially create resistant strains of the virus.
A randomized clinical trial found that HIV-infected mothers who exclusively breastfed their babies for four months had significantly lower levels of the virus in their breast milk compared to those who stopped breastfeeding earlier. The study suggests that early and frequent breastfeeding can reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmis...
A study by TGen-led researchers found that male circumcision significantly shifts the bacterial community on the penis. The shift is primarily due to a decrease in oxygen-intolerant bacteria, which may help explain why circumcision offers protection against HIV.
A study published in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics found that women with HIV have an elevated resting energy expenditure compared to healthy women. The study also showed that this effect persists even among those on effective antiretroviral therapy, suggesting a direct impact of HIV infection on metabolism.
A mathematical model developed by Yale researchers predicts that combining multiple interventions could prevent up to two-thirds of future HIV infections and reduce prevalence from 19% to 10% in 10 years. The study suggests increasing male circumcision, more frequent screening, and antiretroviral therapy as the most effective strategies.
Tracking an early immune response, researchers chart a new route for developing a long-sought HIV vaccine that boosts the body's ability to neutralize the virus. The study reveals the co-evolution of antibodies and virus in a person whose immune system mounted a broad attack against the pathogen.
A systematic review confirms HIV self-testing is effective in removing fear and stigma associated with testing, leading to higher acceptability rates. Self-tests are non-invasive, convenient, and can provide results within 20 minutes, paving the way for early detection and treatment.
A study published in PLoS Pathogens suggests that removing the viral infectivity factor gene from HIV allows the innate human immune system to destroy the virus. The researchers used a humanized mouse model and found that APOBEC3 proteins effectively restrict HIV growth when vif is removed.
A team of scientists developed a new technique for designing vaccine immunogens that can stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies effective against multiple strains of HIV. The approach, using artificial proteins engineered to bind germline B cells, offers hope for better protection against fast-mutating viruses.
A University of Michigan study found that gay couples establish 'sexual agreements' to prevent HIV transmission, with 80% keeping their agreements. However, only 57% of couples confirm having an agreement, and 50% of those break it, increasing the risk of HIV transmission.
Researchers from Ragon Institute develop a computational method to analyze viral protein sequences, identifying vulnerabilities that could be exploited for vaccine development. The approach uses spin glass models and fitness landscapes to predict the prevalence of mutant proteins, providing a new way to design effective HIV vaccines.
A new study reveals that immune cells can recognize and respond to mutated HIV, paving the way for an effective vaccine. The research suggests that a vaccine targeting key mutant forms of the virus could be effective in preventing HIV infection and AIDS.