UC San Diego funded by NIMH to study successful aging in adults with HIV
Researchers at UC San Diego will investigate factors promoting successful aging in HIV-infected adults, including resilience and biomarkers of physical and cognitive aging.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Articles tagged with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Extra-couple HIV transmission a major driver of Africa's HIV epidemic
A new study finds that extra-couple transmission accounts for 30% of new HIV infections in men and 10% in women within stable partnerships. Targeting all heterosexual routes of transmission with test-and-treat strategies could be key to fighting the epidemic.
Study finds incentive price for reducing HIV risk in Mexico
A study found that conditional cash transfer programs can improve behavior among gay men and male sex workers in Mexico City. Gay men would participate at a rate of over 75% if offered $7-8.75/month, while male sex workers would participate for significantly less, $156/year.
Improved prevention measures fail to reduce HIV levels in men who have sex with men in England and Wales
A UK study found that improved prevention measures failed to reduce HIV levels among men who have sex with men in England and Wales, despite increased testing and treatment rates. The researchers suggest that targeting the most-at-risk groups and initiating treatment earlier may be necessary to bring about a drop in HIV incidence.
Patient satisfaction leads to better HIV care
A study by Baylor College of Medicine found that patient satisfaction with care is associated with higher adherence to antiretroviral therapy and retention in HIV care. Patients who were more satisfied had better clinical outcomes, including improved survival rates.
Mistrust of government often deters older adults from HIV testing
A UCLA-led study found that older adults' general mistrust of the government and AIDS-related conspiracy theories significantly impact their willingness to get tested for HIV. Despite venues offering free testing, 45% of participants had not taken an HIV test in the past year.
Personalized plans to address barriers to HIV drug adherence boost chances of successful therapy
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania found that patient-directed problem-solving approaches improved HIV drug adherence, with patients taking nearly twice as many prescribed doses as those in standard care. This approach also led to a 50% improvement in viral suppression rates.
Fast, low-cost device uses the cloud to speed up diagnostic testing for HIV and more
A new mobile device can perform laboratory-quality HIV testing in just 15 minutes and sync results with patient health records globally. It also detects weakly positive samples missed by existing rapid tests, revolutionizing diagnosis and treatment for people in resource-limited settings.
Pitt team finds 'Achilles Heel' of key HIV replication protein
The Pitt team found that targeting Nef, a small HIV protein, could prevent it from replicating and infecting other cells. They discovered a compound called B9 that blocks Nef activity, impairing its function in the viral replication process.
Immune cells engineered in lab to resist HIV infection, Stanford study shows
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have engineered key immune cells to resist HIV infection by inactivating a receptor gene and inserting additional anti-HIV genes. The new approach, known as 'stacking,' provides multiple layers of protection against the virus and could potentially replace drug treatment.
Researchers attack HIV's final defenses before drug-resistant mutations emerge
Scientists at the University of Missouri are working on a $3.4 million NIH project to create next-generation antiviral therapies by targeting the elusive HIV enzyme RNase H. The goal is to be ready for evolving resistant strains before they emerge, offering new treatment options.
Researchers show how cells' DNA repair machinery can destroy viruses
A team of researchers at Johns Hopkins has identified a system that makes certain immune cells impervious to HIV infection. The discovery suggests a new approach to eradicating the virus from the body by targeting non-dividing cells.
Annals of Internal Medicine tip sheet for Jan. 15, 2013
Researchers found selective D-dimer testing safe and efficient in reducing diagnostic testing for suspected deep vein thrombosis. A three-pill generic-based regimen for HIV treatment could save up to $1 billion annually while being slightly less effective than the current one-pill regimen. State medical boards generally agree on invest...
Better care from doctors who are culturally aware
A new study found that doctors who are culturally aware provide better quality of care to HIV patients from ethnic minorities. These patients tend to manage their treatment and condition better and have improved health outcomes. Increasing healthcare provider cultural competence can reduce racial disparities in both the quality of care...
HIV patients in care lose more years of life to smoking than to HIV infection
A Danish study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases found that HIV patients who smoke lose more years of life to smoking than to HIV infection. Researchers estimated the effect of smoking on mortality and life expectancy among nearly 3,000 HIV-infected patients treated in Denmark from 1995 to 2010.
Tracking the origins of HIV
Scientists tracked the origins of HIV and discovered potential genetic resistance in West African human populations. The study found overlaps between selection signatures and protective genes against HIV-1, which may have evolved to counteract the virus.
Scientists discover how HIV virus gains access to carrier immune cells to spread infection
Researchers from IrsiCaixa have identified a molecule on the surface of dendritic cells that recognizes and binds HIV gangliosides, allowing the virus to be taken up by these cells and transmitted to CD4 T lymphocytes. This discovery could lead to the development of new treatments against AIDS.
People with HIV hospitalized less often since combination antiretroviral drug therapy introduced
A new study by Tony Antoniou found that HIV hospitalizations in Ontario declined significantly since the introduction of combination antiretroviral drug therapy in 1996-97. However, women with HIV and low-income individuals continue to face higher rates of hospitalization compared to men and high-income patients.
1 in 4 deaths worldwide caused by heart disease or stroke
Non-communicable diseases, such as cancer and heart disease, accounted for nearly two-thirds of all deaths globally in 2010. Ischaemic heart disease and stroke were responsible for one in four deaths, a significant increase from the previous decade.
Atherosclerosis found in HIV children
Research finds that HIV-infected children have a 2.5-fold increased risk of early atherosclerosis damage, leading to cardiovascular disease. Experts recommend aggressive treatment of high cholesterol and promotion of healthy lifestyles to prevent complications.
'Transport infrastructure' determines spread of HIV subtypes in Africa
A new study published in AIDS Journal found that HIV subtype distribution is strongly influenced by spatial accessibility and transportation networks in Africa. The research used advanced mapping techniques to assess the role of 'spatial connectivity' in the spread of HIV across sub-Saharan Africa.
Crucial step in AIDS virus maturation simulated for first time
Scientists at IMIM and UPF have simulated the release of HIV protease, a protein responsible for the virus's maturation process. This breakthrough could lead to the design of new antiretroviral therapies by understanding how free protease appears during the maturation process.
Annals of Internal Medicine tip sheet for Dec. 4, 2012
Routine use of upper endoscopy for most GERD patients does not improve patient health and may lead to unnecessary interventions. Computer alerts in HIV care improve patient outcomes by notifying providers of adverse events or missed appointments, leading to better follow-up practices.
Electrically spun fabric offers dual defense against pregnancy, HIV
Researchers at the University of Washington have developed a versatile platform to offer contraception and prevent HIV using electrically spun cloth with nanometer-sized fibers. The fabric can dissolve to release drugs, providing immediate or sustained protection against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.
Study shows that HIV transmission can be effectively reduced through protective antiretroviral therapy for serodiscordant couples
A study found that antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the HIV-positive partner in a serodiscordant couple significantly reduces HIV transmission rates, with a 26% relative reduction. However, the protective effect of ART seemed to only last for one year.
Cancer drug shows promise in eradicating latent HIV infection
Researchers discover that JQ1 can reactivate latent HIV by activating the virus in the presence of potent therapy, making it vulnerable to current treatments. The study also found potent suppression of inflammatory genes, suggesting its potential effectiveness against other inflammatory conditions.
Canada should adopt routine HIV testing
Routine HIV testing can significantly reduce AIDS-related morbidity and death, as well as HIV transmission. Implementing this strategy would provide a roadmap for an AIDS-free generation.
Researchers use computer simulations to find true cost of HIV screenings
A new study at the University of Cincinnati uses computer-based simulation modeling to estimate the operational disruption and lost opportunity costs of introducing HIV testing into emergency departments. The research aims to provide valuable guidance for hospitals and policymakers on implementing HIV screening programs.
Annals of Internal Medicine tip sheet for Nov. 20, 2012
Two new clinical practice guidelines from six organizations address testing for patients with stable ischemic heart disease (IHD), recommending thorough history and physical examination prior to additional testing. A separate study found that adding testosterone to sildenafil therapy does not improve erectile function in men with low t...
African American women with HIV/HCV less likely to die from liver disease
A new study published in Hepatology found that African American women co-infected with HIV and HCV have lower liver-related mortality rates compared to Caucasian and Hispanic women. This finding suggests that racial disparities in liver disease may be influenced by other factors beyond just the presence of the virus.
A new approach to HIV vaccine development
A new approach to HIV vaccine development is underway, aiming to induce protective antibodies without increasing HIV-specific T helper cells. The project, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, seeks to build on earlier studies showing that certain antibodies can protect against HIV infection.
Trial of HIV test for babies in Africa could make a big difference
A new HIV test developed at Northwestern University is being tested in Mozambique to deliver a diagnosis in under an hour. The test has a 95% accuracy rate and could significantly improve the rates of infected infants being diagnosed and treated, potentially saving thousands of lives.
Provider-initiated HIV testing does not affect clients' rights
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that provider-initiated HIV testing does not negatively impact clients' consent practices, confidentiality, and referral to care. The research suggests that various modes of access can be scaled up without compromising individuals' rights.
Kinesin 'chauffeur' helps HIV escape destruction
A study published in The Journal of Cell Biology identifies a motor protein that helps HIV replicate in macrophages. KIF3A drives the virus along microtubules, facilitating its release from these cells. Inhibiting KIF3A may provide a new strategy for combating HIV.
Studies target high rates of HIV medication errors among hospitalized patients
Research at IDWeek 2012 reveals high rates of HIV medication errors in hospitalized patients, but studies suggest that combining electronic records with clinical education can significantly decrease errors. Hospitals are implementing quality improvement measures to address the issue.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation's SECURE THE FUTURE® program announces new findings confirming Grandmothers Against Poverty and AIDS has positive impact on mitigating HIV/AIDS impact in the community
Grandmothers Against Poverty and AIDS (GAPA) empowers grandmothers caring for HIV/AIDS-affected families with peer support, income-generating activities. Studies show GAPA members experience higher self-esteem and reduced poverty, stigma in their community.
No benefit from high-dose multivitamins seen for HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy
A new study by Harvard School of Public Health researchers found that high-dose micronutrient supplementation has no effect on HIV disease progression in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. The study also showed that high doses of multivitamins increased the risk of liver problems and other serious conditions.
Dan R. Littman, M.D., Ph.D., elected member of prestigious Institute of Medicine
Renowned immunologist Dan R. Littman, MD, PhD, has been elected a member of the Institute of Medicine for his seminal contributions to immune recognition, HIV pathogenesis, and commensal bacteria in immune system development. His work has major impact in both immunology and virology.
Effectiveness of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Peru
A mathematical model suggests PrEP can be a cost-effective addition to existing HIV prevention strategies for MSM populations in Lima, Peru. However, significant funding would be required to generate substantial reductions in HIV incidence.
University of Michigan earns $21 million grant to study HIV virus behavior
The University of Michigan has been awarded a $21 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to establish the Center for HIV RNA Studies, which aims to better understand the HIV virus on a molecular level. Researchers hope that this breakthrough could lead to innovative treatment approaches for AIDS and other diseases.
'Like this page' to prevent sexually transmitted infections
A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that Facebook-based STI prevention messages encouraged condom use among young adults, with 68% reporting condom use two months after the intervention. The effects decreased over time but remained significant compared to traditional HIV prevention programs.
Study finds decline in HIV deaths for most men, women by race/ethnicity, education
A recent study found that overall HIV death rates declined between 1993 and 2007 for most men and women by race/ethnicity and educational levels. However, disparities in mortality rates persisted among non-Hispanic black individuals, particularly those with lower education levels.
Embargoed news from Annals of Internal Medicine
A new over-the-counter HIV test, OraQuick, is unlikely to significantly impact the fight against HIV due to its high cost and limited accessibility. Physicians recommend counseling patients about the use and limitations of home testing to make informed decisions.
$2.7M LSUHSC grant to reduce alcohol use & improve HIV outcomes
A team of scientists will enroll 250 people living with HIV/AIDS in a clinical study to compare an intervention with a Holistic Health Recovery Program adapted for Alcohol Use Disorders, aiming to enhance patients' awareness and modify behaviors that promote HIV disease progression.
HIV drug shows efficacy in treating mouse models of HER2+ breast cancer
A study published in JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that HIV protease inhibitor Nelfinavir inhibits the growth of HER2-positive tumors in mice. The treatment uses a dosage regimen similar to that used for HIV patients, suggesting potential as an anticancer agent.
HIV helps explain rise of anal cancer in US males
A study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found a significant association between HIV infection and an increase in anal cancer risk among US males. The research suggests that measures to prevent anal cancer in HIV-infected males could reduce overall rates at the population level.
GW researcher receives grant to study treatment and cause of cardiovascular disease in HIV patients
Researchers are investigating the mechanisms of atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients, exploring whether HIV infection itself is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A study using transgenic mice could provide insight into how HIV causes lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and potentially lead to new trea...
Effective HIV care benefited all HIV patients, regardless of demographics and behavioral risk
A 15-year analysis shows that state-of-the-art HIV care improves health outcomes across all patient groups, including those most affected by the disease. Comprehensive care models with multiple levels of support lead to better clinical outcomes.
Study looks at risk factors for HIV in US Navy and Marines during 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell'
Same-sex contact and inconsistent condom use were major risk factors for HIV infection among US Navy and Marines personnel. The study highlights opportunities for targeted prevention efforts, particularly promoting condom use after the 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' repeal.
Research breakthrough opens door to new strategy for battling HIV
Researchers at George Mason University have made a significant breakthrough in understanding how the HIV virus targets 'veteran' memory T-cells. By exploiting the cell's treadmilling process, the virus can infect and kill these cells, leaving the body vulnerable to disease.
How immune cells defend themselves against HIV
Researchers discovered that a protein called SAMHD1 protects resting T helper cells from HIV replication by degrading genetic information. The study provides new insights into the immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS and could lead to new treatments for HIV.
In heterosexuals, transmitted HIV strains often resemble original infecting virus
Research reveals that preferentially transmitted HIV strains in heterosexuals are often similar to the strain initially infecting the partner, indicating an evolutionary advantage. This finding may help advance HIV prevention efforts and develop an effective vaccine.
Scripps Research Institute receives $20 million to shed light on HIV drug resistance
The Scripps Research Institute has received a $20 million grant to research HIV drug resistance and develop new anti-HIV treatments. The HIVE Center will investigate the structure and function of HIV, including how it responds to drugs used in AIDS therapy.
Mutation breaks HIV's resistance to drugs
Researchers discovered a HIV mutation that makes certain strains more susceptible to treatment. This knowledge will help doctors improve drug regimens for HIV-infected individuals by targeting the 172K polymorphism.
Jon Cohen of Science magazine to receive Victor Cohn Medical Science Reporting Prize
Jon Cohen, a contributing correspondent for Science magazine, has won the Victor Cohn Prize for his exceptional coverage of biomedical topics and chronicling of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. He will receive the prize at an awards ceremony on October 27 in Raleigh, North Carolina.
Gladstone scientists develop technique to decipher the dormant AIDS virus concealed in cells
Scientists at Gladstone Institutes have developed a method to precisely track the life cycle of individual cells infected with HIV, targeting 'HIV latency'. This breakthrough could help advance the discovery of a cure for AIDS by understanding and interrupting the dormant virus.
Researchers show cost-effectiveness of HIV testing in drug abuse treatment programs
A new study shows that integrating on-site rapid HIV testing into drug treatment programs is cost-effective, with a beneficial cost-effectiveness ratio of $60,300 per QALY. This approach provides better value than off-site referral and can help identify more people infected with HIV.
Animal study finds anti-HIV vaginal ring can prevent virus transmission
A vaginal ring releasing an anti-HIV drug has been shown to prevent the transmission of SHIV in macaques, providing strong potential for its success in women. The study found that the rings provided highly significant protection when inserted 2 weeks or 24 hours before virus exposure.
HIV treatment use increases in the US
Between 2000-2008, the proportion of HIV-infected patients in the US receiving effective treatment increased from 54% to 83%, leading to reduced infectiousness and healthier immune systems. This trend was observed across all age groups, regardless of treatment adherence.
NIH awards $7.8 million for innovative HIV vaccine approaches
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has awarded 14 grants totaling $7.8 million to focus on basic research for designing a safe and effective HIV vaccine. Recent discoveries about HIV biology are guiding the development of new vaccine strategies.