Articles tagged with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
The Lancet discusses new design changes to the journal, including open-access policies and electronic document posting. The article also explores various HIV/AIDS strategies for developing countries, including expanded access to treatment and prevention efforts. Researchers emphasize the importance of local solutions and community-led ...
The UCSF Center for HIV Information has released the third edition of a CD-ROM targeting healthcare professionals in developing countries. The resource includes 5,000 pages of text on treatments, drugs, and standards of care from various countries.
The Emory Vaccine Center's Hope Clinic will conduct clinical trials for topical vaginal microbicide gels to prevent HIV transmission, particularly among women in Atlanta and worldwide. The trials aim to test the safety and acceptability of two different gel formulations on healthy and high-risk individuals.
Researchers found that APOBEC3F protein can evade VIF's destruction of retroviral restrictors, potentially contributing to HIV resistance. The 'search and destroy' defense of APOBEC proteins may play a crucial role in resisting HIV infection.
Nigerian naval personnel are putting themselves and their partners at risk by denying the existence of AIDS and engaging in risky sexual behaviors. A recent survey found that nearly half of sailors had sex with a female sex worker without using a condom, despite having good knowledge of AIDS-related information.
Researchers found that GBV-C infection slows HIV growth and increases survival in HIV patients. The harmless virus boosts immune proteins, which prevent HIV from infecting cells.
Researchers identified six Lactobacillus strains capable of binding to the HIV envelope, inhibiting infection and potentially blocking transmission. The bacteria also bound to immune cells, causing them to clump and immobilize any infected cells.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have made a breakthrough in understanding how HIV replicates within host cells. The study revealed that molecules exist in cells that help convert HIV's RNA genome to DNA, allowing for the production of new virus particles.
Research has identified improved screening programs for HIV coinfection with chronic hepatitis C, as well as predictive models for inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. These advances aim to improve treatment decisions and quality of life for affected individuals.
A study found that urban American Indian women are at higher risk for contracting HIV due to elevated rates of trauma, including physical and sexual abuse. The research suggests that these women may be exposed to HIV infection despite reports of low risk, highlighting the need for assessments of trauma and prevention measures.
Researchers found that patients taking prednisolone had significantly higher CD4+ T-cell counts after two years compared to those not taking the drug. After five years, over 10% of patients on prednisolone maintained high CD4+ T-cell counts.
Between 1988 and 2000, New York State's HIV prevalence among childbearing women decreased steadily, with a 49% decrease in NYC and a 24% decline statewide. This decline was largely attributed to the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy and targeted efforts aimed at minority populations.
Jay Levy's research has significantly impacted our understanding of HIV and the immune system, leading to major breakthroughs in antiviral responses. His work has also improved the safety of blood products for hemophiliacs and shed light on the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in HIV infection.
A South African study found that women experiencing gender-based violence are more likely to contract HIV due to abusive partners imposing risky sexual practices. The research highlights the need for effective interventions to address social constructions of masculinity and intimate partner violence in relation to HIV risk.
Researchers discover HIV mutations that prevent immune system from recognizing protein fragments, allowing virus to replicate and increase in number. This finding highlights the importance of considering nearby regions not recognized by the immune system when designing vaccines.
A study published in Circulation found that HIV infection is an independent predictor of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), which increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. Aggressive treatment of high cholesterol, blood pressure, and other risk factors is crucial for HIV patients.
Researchers found HIV patients had significantly larger carotid IMT and higher rates of plaque build-up compared to uninfected controls. The study suggests HIV infection may be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, with lowest CD4 counts associated with thickest artery walls.
Researchers found that dual-infection with HIV and GBV-C leads to better outcomes, including slower progression to AIDS and lower mortality rates. Understanding the mechanism behind this phenomenon could lead to the development of improved therapies.
The study highlights the dangers of crystal methamphetamine use on HIV risk, particularly among young men who have sex with men. Methamphetamine can suppress a part of the immune system important in fighting off HIV, increasing the risk of infection and contracting the disease.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have identified a protein, TRIM5-alpha, that blocks HIV replication in monkey cells. This discovery opens new avenues for intervening in early HIV infection and provides critical insights into viral uncoating, a little understood step in the viral lifecycle.
A new analysis of FUZEON data found that it does not increase lipodystrophy or glucose levels in pre-treated HIV patients. The treatment also showed a lower incidence of diarrhoea compared to other ARV regimens.
A genetic mutation in the CCR5 gene does not offer protection against HIV infection, according to new research by Scripps scientist Donald Mosier. The study tested the hypothesis that the mutation, which appeared in Europe during the Middle Ages, protected against both HIV and plague.
A multinational trial found that the combination of Pegasys and Copegus significantly increased sustained virological response rates in patients co-infected with HIV and Hepatitis C. The study reported 40% overall efficacy, including 62% efficacy for genotype 2 and 3 patients.
A study found that cities with predominantly black tar heroin use had lower HIV infection rates among injection drug users compared to those using powder heroin. This is due to the properties of black tar heroin, which makes it difficult to transmit HIV through needle sharing.
Researchers found that HIV uses Nef to activate Rac activity in DOCK2ELMO1 complex, disrupting T cell migration and interaction with other lymphocytes. This study provides biochemical evidence for Nef's role in subverting immune response pathways controlled by receptors on T cells.
A study by UCLA researchers found that individuals with shy personalities tend to have higher viral loads and faster disease progression, even on antiretroviral therapy. This suggests that high-stress individuals may be more susceptible to HIV replication due to their heightened nervous system response.
A study found that HIV-positive women are more likely to engage in unprotected sex due to a lack of empowerment or low self-esteem. Ongoing risk-reduction counseling and substance abuse treatment are crucial to curb high-risk behavior, experts say.
The Lancet editorial proposes a serostatus-based approach for universal voluntary knowledge of HIV status, simplified clinical testing, and prevention of discrimination. Two viewpoints discuss the necessity of testing before prophylaxis with single-dose nevirapine in preventing mother-to-child transmission.
A UCSD study of 1,049 HIV-infected children found that specific genetic mutations can affect disease progression and immune system response to the virus. Children with certain polymorphisms, such as CCR5-delta32, showed slower disease progression, while others were more susceptible to worsening symptoms.
The GSK Drug Discovery and Development Research Grant Program awarded $125,000 grants to Paul Bieniasz for genetic screening of cyclic peptides and Michael Farzan for tyrosine-sulfated peptides. Additionally, Michael H. Malim received a grant for his research on the Vif gene, which plays a critical role in HIV infection.
Researchers discovered subtle brain damage in HIV patients taking antiretroviral drugs, despite no apparent symptoms or viral suppression. The study used brainwave recordings, neuropsychological testing, and MRI scans to compare 39 HIV-positive individuals with 35 control subjects.
Researchers found that total lymphocyte count and albumin independently predicted the risk of death in HIV-1-infected children. Using these low-cost measures could establish when to initiate antiretroviral therapy in settings where CD4 and RNA assays are not available.
A study published in AIDS found that placental malaria significantly increases the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission. The study, which followed 746 HIV-positive mothers and their infants in Rakai, Uganda, suggests that preventing and treating malaria during pregnancy could reduce transmission rates.
The new program combines counseling and education efforts with medical therapy to reduce HIV levels in patients. The initiative aims to assess the impact of integrating prevention services into primary care on HIV risk behaviors and outcomes.
A recent study published by Johns Hopkins Medicine reveals that children with HIV are more likely to visit healthcare providers and receive outpatient care compared to adults. The study found that 90% of HIV-infected children receive antiretroviral medications, highlighting the need for improved access to services.
Patients who view their HIV as an opportunity for personal growth tend to cope better with their disease. Researchers found that more than 73 percent of low-income HIV patients were clinically depressed, highlighting the need for supportive therapy.
A new study found a clear association between genital ulcer symptoms during and after HIV acquisition. Higher rates of genital ulcer disease were observed among HIV-positive participants, particularly those with HSV-2 antibodies.
The European Parliament calls on Eastern European countries to share knowledge and resources to combat HIV resistance. FUZEON, a new treatment, has been shown to reduce HIV levels and increase CD4 cell counts in patients with drug-resistant strains.
Researchers identified a new link in the chain allowing HIV to overcome cellular resistant factor and infect human cells. Disruption of Cul5-SCF function reduces HIV infectiousness by 90%, paving the way for new therapies.
The Emory research team, led by Dr. Frances Priddy and Dr. Mark Feinberg, aims to develop simpler and cheaper monitoring tools for HIV-infected individuals in resource-poor countries. The goal is to enable these individuals to benefit from antiretroviral therapies, which have saved lives in developed countries.
A new study found that forgiving others and feeling forgiven were associated with fewer depressive symptoms, life stressors, and improved quality of life. Expressing forgiveness in the context of HIV infection also decreased the likelihood of placing others at risk.
A study published in The Lancet found that administering nevirapine and zidovudine to babies after birth can significantly reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission. The regimen resulted in a 7% protection rate for infants who received the full course, compared to 12% for those who only received nevirapine.
A study found that administering nevirapine and zidovudine to babies after birth reduced mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission by around 15% compared to nevirapine alone. This combination therapy resulted in a protective efficacy of 36%.
Researchers at OHSU discovered that HIV-encoded protein Vif neutralizes human protein APOBEC3G, which would inactivate HIV if present. This finding could lead to the development of targeted anti-HIV drugs and provide insights into the body's innate protection system.
Four research organizations will receive funding to develop promising HIV vaccine candidates using DNA vaccines, virus vector vaccines, subunit vaccines, and virus-like particle vaccines. Researchers aim to induce strong cellular and antibody immune responses in animal models.
Researchers found that Peptide T significantly reduced HIV levels in cellular reservoirs, with some participants experiencing undetectable virus and increased CD4 counts. The therapy showed promise as a complement or alternative to existing treatments for HIV/AIDS.
Pharmacokinetic data suggest that 908 can be co-administered with Maalox TC or Zantac without dose adjustments. Co-administration with Lipitor increased ATO exposure but did not affect 908 PK.
An interim analysis of a study comparing TDF to EFV in combination with 3TC + ABC found that the TDF arm had a higher rate of virologic non-response. The study included 194 patients and showed that VL <400 copies/mL was achieved in 49% of TDF subjects, compared to 90% of EFV subjects.
A study suggests that new HIV treatments can lead to a decrease in people's concerns about the disease, resulting in increased transmission rates. Researchers believe that health professionals should address this issue by revamping prevention messages and programs.
The study found that the three-drug combination of abacavir, lamivudine, and efavirenz provided a potent antiretroviral response over 48 weeks. Subjects in the ABC/3TC/EFV group had a significantly better immunologic response compared to those in the ZDV/3TC/EFV group.
A recent study published in Johns Hopkins Medicine found that giving one dose of nevirapine to HIV-positive mothers during labor and their newborns reduced transmission by 41 percent. The simple regimen has the potential to prevent hundreds of thousands of new infections every year.
A long-term study found that nevirapine sustained a 41% reduction in HIV infection risk compared to azidothymidine (AZT) in infants born to breastfeeding mothers. The regimen showed significant cost savings, approximately 70 times less than AZT treatment.
Researchers found that total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin concentration decline rapidly in individuals who develop AIDS, with over 77% of study participants exhibiting these declines. This finding offers an alternative to current HIV diagnosis methods, which require expensive technology and equipment.
A genetically engineered strain of lactobacillus could significantly inhibit HIV infection in humans, offering a safe and long-lasting way to protect women. The research uses naturally colonizing bacteria to block and inactivate viruses before they reach host cells.
Researchers have found that a one-step HIV test is the least expensive option, costing nearly $82 per person compared to two-step methods. The new method provides same-day results for both HIV-positive and negative clients, reducing waste and costs associated with return clinic visits.
Researchers at University at Buffalo's Laboratory for Antiviral Research are conducting a comprehensive study to measure concentrations of drugs and analyze their pharmacogenetic basis. The goal is to understand the net effect of antiretroviral drugs on other pharmaceuticals taken by HIV patients.
Researchers found that structured treatment interruption in people with multidrug-resistant HIV led to more HIV-related complications and poorer immune response. The study suggests that continuing therapy guided by HIV drug resistance testing is a better approach for this group of HIV-infected individuals.
Researchers suggest that heightening immune response against human proteins in viral envelope could prevent HIV infection, offering a potential solution for reducing transmission rates. This approach, called alloimmunization, has the advantage of working against all strains of HIV and other retroviruses.
Dale J. Kempf, Daniel W. Norbeck, and Hing L. Sham receive award for developing Kaletra, the first HIV protease inhibitor approved for use in children as young as six months old.
A randomized, controlled study involving medical marijuana found no harmful changes in HIV virus levels or immune system function in patients with HIV. Participants experienced weight gain, but no change in their undetectable status.