Articles tagged with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Researchers have identified a molecular fingerprint unique to individuals with HIV-associated dementia (HAD), suggesting the potential development of a simple blood test for its diagnosis. The study used proteomics to analyze protein patterns in patients and found correlations between certain proteins and HAD.
India's HIV prevalence rate is less than 1 percent, but a looming pandemic on the horizon due to shifting demographics and changing cultural values. The researchers recommend targeted prevention programs for high-risk groups, such as prostitutes and men who have sex with men, and offer circumcision as an additional avenue of prevention.
Researchers analyzed lipid levels of HIV patients before and during HAART and found that average total and LDL cholesterol levels remained stable over three years. After initiation, cholesterol levels rose but returned to pre-infection levels after a year. However, triglyceride and HDL levels were higher than in similar-aged men.
A study found that HIV-positive individuals are more likely to engage in undisclosed, unprotected sex, particularly with gay or bisexual men. The lack of disclosure is attributed to high prevalence and awareness of HIV in the gay community, as well as stigma surrounding HIV positivity.
Researchers challenge assumption that poverty is a risk factor for non-adherence to HIV medication regimens, citing high treatment adherence rates in South African studies. The editorial argues that delivery systems may compromise confidentiality and risk stigmatization if not based on clear evidence.
Researchers found that CEM15 renders HIV dead by altering DNA, causing mutations and preventing replication. The virus can subvert this system, enabling it to make numerous mutations and evade the host's defense.
A study by Northwestern University found that juvenile detainees aged 10-18 engage in significantly higher rates of HIV-risk behaviors, with 95% exhibiting multiple sexual and drug risks. Boys were more likely to engage in riskier behaviors, while girls aged 16+ were more active sexually.
The study found that many HIV-infected gay and bisexual men tailor their sexual activity to reduce the risk of HIV transmission to casual partners they do not disclose to. Barriers to disclosure include stigma and fears of rejection, suggesting that public health efforts must address these concerns.
Designing molecules to block HIV receptors could lead to more effective and safer treatments. The approach has the potential to be orders of magnitude more effective than existing treatments, with fewer side effects.
Researchers identify a helpful gene mutation in the Vpr gene of long-term nonprogressive HIV patients, which impairs the HIV virus' cell-killing machinery. The presence or absence of this mutation may play a central role in determining which patients develop fatal AIDS.
A study by Mayo Clinic researchers found that a specific Vpr mutation is associated with long-term nonprogressive HIV infection, where infected individuals exhibit preserved immune function. The discovery suggests a potential therapeutic opportunity for Vpr inhibitors to reduce T cell death during HIV infection.
HIV-infected individuals with a history of alcohol problems who consume moderate or at-risk amounts of alcohol have higher viral loads and lower CD4 cell counts compared to non-drinkers. Heavy alcohol consumption is linked to increased disease progression, nonadherence to treatment, and worsened comorbid conditions.
A study of over 300 HIV patients found that 32% reported better life after diagnosis, with fewer worries about finances or disclosure. Patients who said life was better expressed more optimism and participated in non-organized religious activities.
Dr. Sundquist's research has identified key cellular proteins necessary for HIV release, providing potential new targets for anti-HIV drugs. By altering the structure of these proteins or blocking their interaction with HIV, future treatments may slow or halt infection.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health reveals that Pakistani and Afghan drug users are at high risk of HIV due to limited knowledge and risky behaviors. The research highlights the need for interventions such as needle exchange programs and drug treatments to prevent blood-borne infections.
The region is facing a major public health crisis with an estimated 1 million individuals already infected, mostly through injecting drug use. Improved measures are urgently needed to prevent further HIV spread and protect vulnerable populations.
HIV-1 uses a unique 'glycan shield' mechanism to evade antibody attack, continuously changing large sugar molecules on its surface. This allows the virus to outsmart the immune system and escape elimination.
A study led by Dr. Debra Bekerian found young gay men are anxious and depressed, with many unaware of their HIV status. Trauma may have a protective effect on health behavior, and the report suggests improving health messages using the internet could help reduce unsafe sexual practices.
Researchers found that HIV patients develop strong antibody responses against the virus, but these antibodies fail to keep pace with the virus's constant mutation process. This study sheds light on the complex dynamics between the immune system and HIV, highlighting potential avenues for vaccine development.
A study in Alberta found that mandatory reporting of HIV infection did not significantly impact testing rates among the general population. However, an opt-out prenatal screening policy resulted in a dramatic increase in female tests, suggesting that fear of receiving a positive test may be a more significant deterrent to testing.
Researchers are developing nanotech decoys that can stick to the HIV virus and prevent it from entering human cells. The study focuses on the binding of gp120 protein to GalCer molecules in cell membranes.
The study found increased condom use in intervention groups but no impact on HIV incidence, highlighting the need for more effective STI and behavioral interventions to control HIV in Uganda. The researchers emphasize the importance of rigorous evaluation and development of promising interventions.
A recent study analyzed data from the Veterans Affairs HIV patient population between 1993 and 2001 and found a sharp decline in overall death rates among patients. Despite concerns about vascular disease as a side effect of HAART, the study suggests that these drugs may not increase the risk of this condition.
A recent study found that 78% of HIV-positive N.C. men and women prisoners had unprotected sex with their main partner in the year before imprisonment. Upon release, 26% admitted to having sex without condoms with that same person within a day or two.
Researchers found that HIV protease inhibitors directly promote atherosclerosis in mice by inducing changes in macrophages. A commentary article proposes a mechanism and suggests ways to disrupt this process. The study has significant implications for the long-term use of these drugs in managing chronic HIV infection.
A new vaccine based on a chimpanzee adenovirus has shown promise against HIV by inducing a powerful T-cell-based immune response in mice. The vaccine avoids the issue of pre-existing immunity seen with human adenovirus vaccines.
HIV patients who use self-distraction techniques or drugs to cope with stress report reduced energy levels and social activity limitations. Pain affects daily activities, work performance, and school performance.
A study in rural Uganda found that domestic violence affects nearly half of women, with those whose partners consume alcohol facing a higher risk. The research highlights the connection between domestic violence and HIV risk, suggesting that addressing domestic violence may be crucial to preventing HIV transmission.
The NIH has awarded nearly $8 million to the University of Pittsburgh and Magee-Womens Research Institute to develop a microbicide barrier to prevent HIV transmission in women. The project aims to create a safe and effective way for women to protect themselves against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
A pilot study of HIV patients in New York City found that those with social support were more likely to take their medications consistently. The study highlights the importance of social contact in overcoming adherence challenges for individuals living with HIV.
Researchers have successfully created a delivery system using a vehicle derived from HIV itself to introduce synthetic siRNAs into human cells. This approach aims to prevent HIV infection by knocking out the CCR5 receptor, which is found on T-cells and plays a role in immune function.
A study of 137 adults with HIV found that simplifying their medication regimens can significantly improve adherence, particularly for those with memory and attention problems. The study suggests a two-way relationship between missed doses and disease progression, highlighting the need for more effective treatment strategies.
Researchers at UIC provided the first images of HIV in living cells, revealing how the virus enlists host assistance to wreak havoc on the body's defenses. The visualization, which took four years to develop, shows HIV particles hitching a ride aboard dynein, a molecular motor, and crossing the microtubular highway to reach the nucleus.
Researchers discovered that an individual could become infected with two closely related strains of HIV, highlighting the challenges in creating a vaccine against this highly variable virus. The study found that a hypothetical vaccine against one strain may not protect against other closely related strains.
In the 48-week SOLO trial, patients taking GW433908/r QD achieved undetectable viral load in 68%, compared to 65% of those taking nelfinavir BID. The study also showed improved efficacy in patients with high or low CD4 counts at baseline.
A UCSF study of 239 men who have sex with men found no cases of HIV transmission through receptive oral sex. The study contradicts previous case reports and confirms the probability of zero transmission for this activity.
The study aims to understand the burden of neurological disease in people living with HIV and inform effective management strategies. A cross-sectional study will assess prevalence and features of neurocognitive-behavioral complications, while a subset of patients will be followed over time to monitor health status.
A recent study led by UC Davis finds that syringe-exchange programs significantly reduce HIV risk behavior among injecting drug users. The research shows a two-fold to six-fold reduction in risk behaviors for users with and without access to clean syringes, respectively.
A recent study published in Psychosomatics found that HIV-positive patients who perceive their illness as a 'punishment' experience lower self-esteem and increased depression. The research highlights the need for addressing psychosocial issues, such as punishment beliefs about HIV, on self-care and medical outcomes.
A survey of 299 HIV+ patients found that total pills per day had the greatest impact on adherence, followed by dosing frequency. Patients preferred low-pill-count regimens and those requiring less frequent dosing.
Researchers found that long-term nonprogressors' cells were better able to divide and produce perforin, a molecule that helps kill off infected cells. This discovery is crucial for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic treatments that improve CD8+ T cell function.
Researchers found a significant decrease in new HIV infections among injection drug users in Baltimore between 1988-1990 and 1995-1998, with rates dropping from 4.45% to 1.84%. Higher education, income, marriage, and social support were associated with reduced risk.
Researchers Irwin Chaiken, Nouri Neamati, Alan C. Sartorelli, Nan-Sook Lee, Elias Lolis, and Min Lu received awards for their work on preventing HIV from infecting host cells, developing integrase inhibitors, and making current drugs more effective. The $500,000 award aims to encourage new approaches in HIV/AIDS therapy research.
A phase II study of 100 patients with previously untreated HIV found that kaletra held the virus at undetectable levels for four years, with 72% maintaining suppressed viral loads. The results suggest that Kaletra remains a crucial option for initial therapy, helping to prolong time to resistance development.
A study published in the American Journal of Pathology found that uncircumcised men are more susceptible to HIV due to high concentrations of target cells in their foreskin tissue. This tissue contains higher densities of CD4+ T cells, macropahges and Langerhans' Cells than in circumcised individuals or cervical tissue.
Researchers found that transplant outcomes for HIV patients are similar to those without HIV, but managing anti-rejection drugs and HAART therapy poses a challenge due to potential drug interactions. Studies showed that HIV viral loads remain undetectable in most patients after transplantation.
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is funding a study at UCSF to test diaphragms as an HIV prevention method. The diaphragm holds promise for preventing HIV transmission, particularly in women, who are disproportionately affected by the disease.
Researchers found HIV integrates into human chromosomes near active genes, which are triggered by the virus itself. This targeting specificity could improve gene therapies by leveraging a retrovirus's efficiency.
Two new drugs, Dapivirine and R165335, have shown great promise in Phase I and II clinical trials against drug-resistant HIV strains. These compounds are derived from the dianilinopyrimidine family and have been tested as a viable candidate for treating AIDS in developing countries.
Researchers have identified a natural inhibitor of HIV called CEM15, which can stop the virus from replicating. By targeting Vif, a regulatory protein that enables HIV replication, scientists may develop new antiviral treatments.
Research suggests that social activism in groups like ACT UP can help individuals with AIDS and HIV cope better with their medical and psychological problems. Activist group members tend to use more problem-focused coping, have greater knowledge of treatment information sources, and are more integrated into support networks.
The American Thoracic Society's first issue for August 2002 discusses significant reductions in fatal cardiovascular disease among smokers who quit, with a 50-70% higher hazard rate compared to non-smokers. Additionally, the study reveals improved HIV survival rates, with a marked increase in patients receiving HAART and surviving to h...
A UCLA study found that treating more people in developing countries with antiretroviral drug therapy can eliminate HIV on a community level, even without eradicating it in individuals. The research suggests that treatment and prevention are not two separate approaches, but rather intertwined strategies to save lives.
A recent study found that antiretroviral therapy targeting the central nervous system can improve neurological symptoms in HIV-infected children. The treatment was shown to reduce the amount of virus in their brains and improve developmental milestones.
A team of Los Alamos researchers suggests using a consensus sequence of the HIV-1 virus as a basis for vaccines, rather than geographically specific strains. This approach aims to target common vulnerabilities in multiple strains of the virus.
A retrospective study of 222 patients with HIV found that women experienced higher rates of neurologic complications and lipodystrophy after two years of HAART therapy. The study's findings suggest that while women may respond similarly to treatment as men, they experience more side effects.
NIAID-funded studies explore dual protease inhibitors, herpes simplex virus 2 risk factor for HIV infection in India, and anti-HIV antibodies' influence on HIV evolution. The conference also features the world's largest preventive HIV vaccine trial.
A study in Zimbabwe found that women are willing to use diaphragms as a potential HIV prevention method. Diaphragms may increase the effectiveness of new microbicides designed to prevent HIV acquisition, according to principal investigator Nancy Padian.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh discovered that even mild elevations in liver enzymes ALT and AST are associated with a nearly twice higher death rate compared to normal levels. Elevated enzymes signal liver injury and can result from HIV treatment, viral hepatitis, or alcohol abuse.
A Johns Hopkins Medicine study reveals that HIV treatment is equally effective for patients with both HIV and hepatitis C infections, contrary to previous assumptions. The research found no significant difference in the virologic or immunologic response to HAART among those with co-infection, suggesting hepatitis C infection should not...