Articles tagged with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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A study found that PRO 2000 gel reduced HIV and HSV infectivity by at least 1000-fold, with no significant inflammatory response. The results suggest a potential safe and effective vaginal microbicide for preventing sexually transmitted infections.
Researchers have elucidated the structure of gp120 before its shape change, providing crucial insights into how the protein binds to the CD4 receptor and enables HIV membrane fusion. This knowledge may lead to the development of new compounds that inhibit this shape change, offering a promising route for HIV treatment and prevention.
A study led by Drs. Dennis R. Burton and Ian A. Wilson identified the specific amino acids on gp41 that 4E10 interacts with, revealing its unique ability to target a conserved region near the surface of the virus. This research advances the quest for an HIV-1 vaccine, providing valuable insights into broadly neutralizing antibodies.
Researchers at The Scripps Research Institute have identified an antibody called 4E10 that can neutralize nearly 100 different HIV strains. This breakthrough could lead to the development of a more effective HIV vaccine by targeting this specific epitope.
Researchers analyzed data from a three-year study in rural Zimbabwe and found no correlation between contaminated needle use and increased HIV transmission. The study collected data from over 1,800 participants and excluded injections as a major transmission route.
Researchers found that alpha-defensin-1 directly inactivates HIV when serum levels are low, while also acting on vulnerable cells to block infection. The study provides a basis for developing defensin-like drugs to prevent and treat HIV.
A study in Senegal found that migrants' social context influences their sexual behavior and risk of HIV transmission. In rural areas, strict social control and religion may encourage migrants to adopt safer sex practices upon return. The study suggests that migration is not a major contributor to HIV spread in Senegal.
UCLA researchers develop gene therapy approach using modified HIV to target P-glycoproteins on cancer cells, minimizing side effects and maximizing therapeutic effectiveness. The method shows promise for controlling cancer and other diseases.
A Stanford study found that early HIV screening reduces annual transmission by 21% and lengthens life by 1.5 years for those with HIV infection. Routine screenings are cost-effective compared to other commonly accepted programs, suggesting expanded HIV counseling, testing, and referral in the US.
A new study recommends expanding routine HIV screening to settings with low prevalence rates due to its cost-effectiveness. The study found that even at low prevalence levels, regular testing can provide important health benefits. Additionally, the researchers suggest that screenings should be expanded to reduce the transmission of the...
Routine HIV screening every three to five years is cost-effective in the US, according to Yale researchers. Frequent screening in high-risk populations could produce life expectancy gains at comparable costs to other chronic condition screenings.
A study by Mark A. Schuster found that nearly 40% of HIV-infected parents reported avoiding interactions with their children 'a little' due to fears of contagion, while 27.9% avoided certain interactions like hugging or kissing on the lips altogether.
A Family's Guide to Living with HIV is a comprehensive resource providing detailed information on the disease, its treatment, and its impact on daily life. The book also focuses on supporting psychological concerns, nutrition, education, and social activities for patients and their families.
A recent US study reveals that a significant portion of African Americans hold conspiracy theories about HIV/AIDS, which may frustrate efforts to combat the epidemic. Public health officials need to address these concerns and develop culturally sensitive strategies to reach at-risk populations.
A recent study found that HIV/AIDS conspiracy beliefs are associated with negative attitudes towards condoms and inconsistent condom use among African American men. The study suggests that addressing these beliefs is crucial in changing the disproportionately high rate of HIV and AIDS in this community.
A recent study found that male circumcision significantly reduces the risk of HIV transmission from women to men, with uncircumcised men facing a more than two-fold increased risk per sexual act. The study's results provide new insights into the rapid spread of HIV in settings where circumcision is not common.
Researchers identified adherence to medication regimen as key factor in developing HIV drug resistance. High adherence levels were associated with faster development of resistance, emphasizing the importance of strict medication adherence in maintaining treatment efficacy.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have discovered that interleukin-7 (IL-7) can stimulate latent HIV viruses, making them vulnerable to drugs and the immune system. The new technique may lead to improved treatments for HIV infection and could be a step towards complete viral eradication.
The World Health Organization's "3 by 5" initiative aims to treat 3 million HIV-infected individuals in poor and middle-income countries by the end of 2005. Critics argue that this approach overlooks prevention strategies, is cash-strapped, and lacks country ownership.
The US government has awarded grants to support HIV/AIDS research and treatment in resource-limited countries, including Cambodia, Peru, Thailand, and Russia. The grants aim to develop clinical research centers and evaluate new treatments for co-infections with tuberculosis.
Researchers found that custom-designed facial implants provided excellent aesthetic postoperative outcomes for 22 patients with facial wasting syndrome. The use of high-resolution CT scans enabled precise modeling and sizing of implants, leading to stable and long-lasting results.
A study found that African-American patients treated by white doctors receive HIV medications nearly four months later than those treated by African-American doctors. Better communication and trust between patient and doctor of the same race may explain these differences.
The study demonstrates the value of clinical cutoffs in evaluating HIV drug resistance information. Clinical cutoffs based on a large outcomes database provide physicians with clinically relevant resistance information.
Researchers found evidence that HIV co-opts human enzyme DDX3 to transport its genetic material out of the cell nucleus. The discovery provides an attractive target for drug development and could lead to a new type of HIV drug that blocks viral replication without causing harm to human cells.
A Rutgers University nursing professor is developing digital video vignettes to reduce HIV sexual risk behavior. The project involves conducting focus groups with young women and men, analyzing their insights, and creating short videos on trust, pressure, and high-risk behaviors.
Researchers found that nevirapine significantly increases HDL cholesterol levels more than efavirenz, making it a preferable option for HIV-infected adults with increased cardiovascular risk. This study suggests that considering individual factors beyond cardiovascular risk can lead to more personalized treatment decisions.
Researchers have identified a potential target for preventing HIV transmission through vaginal membranes. A modified chemokine called PSC-RANTES was found to be effective in blocking SHIV transmission in rhesus macaques, offering hope for the development of a topical agent to prevent HIV infection in humans.
A new experimental drug called PSC-RANTES has shown promising results in preventing vaginal simian HIV transmission in monkeys. The study found that the highest dose of PSC-RANTES protected all five recipients from SHIV infection, suggesting a potential key target for strategies to prevent vaginal HIV transmission.
HBOCs increase tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery, offering a temporary solution for situations with massive hemorrhaging or blood shortages. They can effectively increase the usable blood supply in cardiac surgery, creating a 20% increase in supply.
Researchers found dopamine transporter injury in HIV dementia patients, suggesting a new direction for treatment. The study suggests that viral suppression may lead to recovery of deficits in the dopamine system.
The new guidelines cover prevention and early diagnosis of chronic conditions, such as diabetes and heart disease, and provide evidence-based primary care interventions for people living with HIV. The guidelines also focus on caring for women and children with HIV, making them a valuable resource for a wide range of healthcare providers.
Basic research on HIV is leading to new therapies that deny initial entry into cells. Fast-moving research on naturally occurring antiviral factors is opening the way for a new class of anti-HIV drugs.
Researchers mapped where three retroviruses integrate into human DNA, finding unique patterns for each. This discovery has implications for better-engineered gene therapies and new HIV drugs.
A study found prednisolone to be ineffective in treating HIV-associated pleural tuberculosis, increasing the risk of life-threatening cancer. The drug improved symptoms but showed no long-term benefits for patients without HIV infection.
A government policy providing free access to potent antiretroviral drugs has significantly reduced the HIV transmission rate in Taiwan, with an estimated decrease of 53%. The study, led by Chi-Tai Fang and Jung-Der Wang, used public health surveillance data to evaluate the impact of the policy on the country's HIV epidemic.
The Emory University Health Sciences Center, AABB, and Red Cross will work together to reduce HIV transmission in developing countries by improving blood supply systems, testing for HIV, and creating safe transfusion centers.
A groundbreaking study by Mount Sinai School of Medicine found that the combination of Pegasysα and Copegus significantly improved treatment response rates for patients co-infected with HCV and HIV. The study showed a sustained virological response rate of 40% among all patients, with even higher efficacy rates for those with genotypes...
A combination therapy of peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin achieved a 40% sustained virological response in co-infected patients, the highest ever reported. The treatment did not interfere with the effectiveness of HIV drugs, offering hope for previously untreated patients.
The Yale team will conduct research on implementing structural interventions among high-risk groups in southern India, aiming to reduce HIV transmission and promote healthier behavior. The project, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, aims to address social, economic, and normative factors that contribute to HIV risk.
The HIV Structural Reference Database will aid in developing strategies to inhibit HIV protease activity and understand mutations that make the virus resistant to certain drugs. The database contains annotated structural data from published literature and laboratory contributions.
A mobile testing van was introduced in Zimbabwe's Epworth and Seke areas, offering free rapid HIV tests with same-day results. The initiative reduced structural barriers by providing convenient access to testing and increased acceptance of rapid tests due to same-day results.
A recent study by researchers at the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology investigated potential superinfection involving variations within HIV-1B. The findings, presented at the XV International AIDS Conference, suggest that superinfection may be restricted to a short window period after seroconversion.
Young men in rural Malawi associate HIV with masculinity and engage in risky behavior to demonstrate virility. This misunderstanding of AIDS risk has significant implications for future research and HIV prevention education.
FUZEON shows significant benefits in health improvements and reduced side effects for HIV patients, yet many are missing out due to fear of injection. Physicians and nurses play a pivotal role in educating patients on optimal use of FUZEON.
A study found that gender-and culturally-tailored HIV prevention programs reduced HIV incidence among African American teen girls. The interventions also showed promise in reducing chlamydia cases and promoting healthier relationships.
A study found that rapid HIV testing during labor can provide accurate results within 66 minutes, enabling women to receive antiretroviral prophylaxis. The study also showed higher test acceptance among younger women and those with limited prenatal care, highlighting the importance of early testing for pregnant women.
A randomized trial found that two short drug regimens for infants at birth reduced mother-to-child transmission of HIV compared to a single regimen. The study suggests several options for prevention, including voluntary counseling and testing, standard NVP prophylaxis, and postexposure prophylaxis.
A randomized, controlled clinical trial found that a targeted HIV prevention intervention significantly reduced consistent condom use and risky sexual behaviors in high-risk African-American adolescent girls. The intervention emphasized ethnic and gender pride, HIV knowledge, communication, and healthy relationships.
A randomized trial found that tenofovir disoproxil fumarate achieved high viral load suppression rates, comparable to stavudine-based regimens. Tenofovir DF was also associated with lower toxicity and better lipid profiles.
The Lancet discusses new design changes to the journal, including open-access policies and electronic document posting. The article also explores various HIV/AIDS strategies for developing countries, including expanded access to treatment and prevention efforts. Researchers emphasize the importance of local solutions and community-led ...
The UCSF Center for HIV Information has released the third edition of a CD-ROM targeting healthcare professionals in developing countries. The resource includes 5,000 pages of text on treatments, drugs, and standards of care from various countries.
The Emory Vaccine Center's Hope Clinic will conduct clinical trials for topical vaginal microbicide gels to prevent HIV transmission, particularly among women in Atlanta and worldwide. The trials aim to test the safety and acceptability of two different gel formulations on healthy and high-risk individuals.
Researchers found that APOBEC3F protein can evade VIF's destruction of retroviral restrictors, potentially contributing to HIV resistance. The 'search and destroy' defense of APOBEC proteins may play a crucial role in resisting HIV infection.
Nigerian naval personnel are putting themselves and their partners at risk by denying the existence of AIDS and engaging in risky sexual behaviors. A recent survey found that nearly half of sailors had sex with a female sex worker without using a condom, despite having good knowledge of AIDS-related information.
Researchers found that GBV-C infection slows HIV growth and increases survival in HIV patients. The harmless virus boosts immune proteins, which prevent HIV from infecting cells.
Researchers identified six Lactobacillus strains capable of binding to the HIV envelope, inhibiting infection and potentially blocking transmission. The bacteria also bound to immune cells, causing them to clump and immobilize any infected cells.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have made a breakthrough in understanding how HIV replicates within host cells. The study revealed that molecules exist in cells that help convert HIV's RNA genome to DNA, allowing for the production of new virus particles.
Research has identified improved screening programs for HIV coinfection with chronic hepatitis C, as well as predictive models for inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. These advances aim to improve treatment decisions and quality of life for affected individuals.
A study found that urban American Indian women are at higher risk for contracting HIV due to elevated rates of trauma, including physical and sexual abuse. The research suggests that these women may be exposed to HIV infection despite reports of low risk, highlighting the need for assessments of trauma and prevention measures.
Researchers found that patients taking prednisolone had significantly higher CD4+ T-cell counts after two years compared to those not taking the drug. After five years, over 10% of patients on prednisolone maintained high CD4+ T-cell counts.