A new JAMA study found that brain tumor treatment varies greatly among patients, with inconsistent use of chemotherapy and anti-convulsant medication. The study also highlights the need for improved communication between healthcare providers and patients, as well as increased participation in clinical trials.
Researchers found a genetic variant of the CYP1A1 gene associated with lower estrogen levels, higher bone resorption markers, and lower bone density in hip bones. This variant may serve as an important genetic marker for identifying women at high risk of osteoporosis.
A study by McGill University researchers found that COX-2 inhibitors like Vioxx increase the risk of heart attack by 24% in users who have not previously suffered a heart attack. Aspirin use can help mitigate this risk, but only in those taking low doses of Vioxx.
Scientists have created a mathematical model that accurately describes the evolution and movement of tectonic microplates, which are dynamic whirlpools of ocean floor found at mid-ocean ridges. The model uses a wax tank to simulate the ocean floor, replicating patterns seen in the Earth's crust.
The UCSD study reveals that mentally ill homeless individuals are more common than expected, with a disproportionate impact on African Americans and Latinos. Treatment for substance abuse and access to public-funded health benefits may help reduce homelessness in this population.
A large-scale study found that frequent exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun, lamps, and solariums reduces the risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by 30-40%. Researchers analyzed responses from over 6,000 patients and healthy individuals in Sweden and Denmark.
The new center aims to connect scientists with teachers to effect meaningful change in student learning outcomes. The CCEN will conduct basic research on how people learn, focusing on brain mechanisms involved in language, science, reading, and math acquisition.
Breast implant infections can occur due to various risk factors, including capsular contraction. Experts propose diagnostic and management strategies for such problems. Antibiotics may prevent capsular contraction caused by subclinical infection.
Researchers discovered a new way to stop smallpox by inhibiting host cell signaling pathways. Inhibitors already used in human cancer therapy may have widespread applications in treating viral infections and protecting against smallpox.
Jeffrey A. Hubbell will receive the Elmer Gaden Award, a $1000 prize, and an acknowledgement in an upcoming journal issue. The award lecture will be held on March 15, 2005, at the American Chemical Society's National Meeting in San Diego.
Researchers have discovered a single human stem cell population derived from the bone marrow that can regenerate myocardium after myocardial infarction. This breakthrough has significant implications for treating heart failure and major morbidity associated with myocardial infarction.
Researchers found that positive emotions, such as joy and happiness, enhance recognition of members from other races, reducing bias. This 'broadening effect' helps individuals see a bigger picture, promoting inclusivity and noticing more details.
Researchers have discovered a rare plant compound, SL0101, that inhibits the RSK protein, which is linked to breast cancer cell growth. The compound, found in Forsteronia refracta, prevents the growth of breast cancer cells without affecting normal cells.
Researchers have identified a possible strategy for treating acute viral infections by blocking cellular signaling pathways that viruses depend on for reproduction. The approach, using an experimental cancer drug called CI-1033, has shown promising results in laboratory samples and lab mice infected with viruses similar to smallpox.
Researchers found that two drugs, risperidone and olanzapine, have the best evidence for effectiveness in treating dementia-related behaviors. However, these effects are modest and come with a risk of stroke. Non-drug therapies like music therapy and caregiver education may also be effective.
Researchers have developed a system to detect landmines using sound waves, while also studying the water-absorbing properties of aged soot and its potential impact on climate models. Additionally, scientists have made new discoveries about natural lightning, including X-ray emissions during thunderstorms.
Researchers found specific differences in responses to inhaled corticosteroids and leukotriene receptor antagonists in children. Children with low pulmonary function and elevated allergic inflammation responded better to inhaled corticosteroids.
Researchers propose a new antiviral therapy targeting the smallpox growth factor, demonstrating effectiveness in lowering morbidity and mortality in infected mice. In another study, human bone marrow-derived stem cells are shown to regenerate myocardium after myocardial infarction, providing a potential approach for heart repair.
Scientists have observed a novel superfluid state in a lithium-6 atom gas, exhibiting properties that challenge traditional bosonic and fermionic behaviors. This breakthrough discovery has implications for the development of room temperature superconductors and our understanding of exotic plasmas.
The study found that low pulmonary function and allergic inflammation are key factors in responding well to inhaled corticosteroids. Younger patients with fewer years of asthma tend to respond better to leukotriene receptor antagonists.
Researchers found that brain activity in the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex predicts accurate or false memories. Weak prefrontal cortex activity during misinformation phase indicates poorly placed details, creating false memories.
State policies on cigarette taxes, tobacco vending machine restrictions and family planning clinics significantly reduced teen smoking and drinking rates. The study found that higher taxes and stricter vending laws lowered teen smoking by 1.9% and underage drinking by 1.9%. Family planning clinics also led to a 1.3% reduction in unsafe...
The Grainger Challenge Prize aims to encourage the development of household-scale water treatment systems to remove arsenic from contaminated groundwater. The goal is to create an affordable, sustainable, and reliable solution that can be manufactured in developing countries.
Researchers used diffusion-weighted MRI to diagnose Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) in nine human cases at different stages. Early detection was achieved in all cases using this imaging technique. The study highlights the potential of diffusion-weighted MRI for early diagnosis and prevention of CJD transmission.
The new CodaOctopus laboratory will map extensive areas of the sea bed using novel 3-D methods, providing visualisation for scientists and strategic decision makers. This collaboration aims to focus research on commercial requirements, developing further Cardiff University's marine reputation.
Researchers found that transgenic Indian mustard plants absorbed two to four times more selenium from contaminated soil than their wild-type counterparts, outperforming them in the field trial. The study suggests using phytoremediation with these plants could be a viable alternative for cleaning up polluted soil at a lower cost.
A European Society of Cardiology consensus report recommends regular physical examination, detailed medical history investigation, and a 12-lead ECG for all young athletes involved in organized sport. This could potentially cut sports-related cardiac deaths by 50%-70% if implemented across Europe.
A study found that doctors underestimate women's heart risk, leading to less preventive care. Despite having the same calculated risk as men, women are more likely to be classified as having lower risk and receive less preventive care.
A meta-analysis of nine randomized trials found no significant difference in death rates or disease progression between neoadjuvant and adjuvant systemic therapy. However, neoadjuvant therapy was associated with a higher risk of loco-regional disease recurrence when radiation therapy was used without surgery.
A $10-million study is recruiting 3,000 healthy men to investigate the transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV), a leading cause of cervical cancer. The research aims to determine whether vaccinating men could help prevent cervical cancer in women.
The study found rapid land-cover change in Asia, particularly dryland degradation, while the Amazon Basin remains a hotspot of tropical deforestation. Global maps show regions of rapid land-cover change, with cities in the tropics experiencing the most rapid changes.
Researchers at the University of Alberta found that adding calcium and vitamin D therapy alone provides significant benefit for patients with Crohn's disease who suffer from osteoporosis or osteopenia. The study concluded that physicians should consider BMD testing and drug therapy only for high-risk patients, not those with mild Crohn...
Researchers at Duke University have discovered a way to restore bladder control in people with spinal cord injury using electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve. This technology, known as a 'bladder pacemaker,' could significantly improve quality of life for over 200,000 Americans affected by SCI.
A study led by William Giannobile at the University of Michigan showed that gene therapy involving BMP-7 can produce nearly 50% more supporting bone around dental implants. This breakthrough has potential to reduce the need for bone grafts in reconstructive surgery.
A recent study found that only 37% of patients with colorectal cancer received adequate lymph node evaluation, highlighting the need for improved surgical care and pathologic assessment. Additionally, research on non-Hodgkin lymphoma and obesity suggests no association between body mass index and overall risk of either disease.
Research findings indicate that increased sun exposure is associated with improved melanoma survival, while decreased UV radiation exposure may lower non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk. These studies provide new evidence for the potential beneficial effects of sunlight on cancer incidence and outcome.
Adolescent smokers showed impairments in accuracy of working memory performance, with males more affected. Those trying to quit smoking also experienced further disruption of working memory.
Experts from Oregon State University are pioneering wave power technology, which could become a major contributor to the nation's energy needs. The proposed U.S. Ocean Energy Research and Demonstration Center would evaluate existing systems and test new ones.
A study found that clinicians reported missing clinical information in 13.6% of patient visits, including laboratory results and medications. Missing information was more likely in recent immigrants, new patients, or those with multiple medical problems.
Researchers find that low-dose hydrocortisone infusion speeds up pneumonia resolution and prevents sepsis-related complications. Sildenafil protects against altitude-induced pulmonary problems, improves gas exchange, and limits hypoxemia. Patient segregation reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa transmission in cystic fibrosis patients
Researchers found that consumers prefer utilitarian products over hedonic ones when given a choice, as they are less likely to cause guilt. This is because hedonic products are perceived as discretionary, while utilitarian products are seen as necessary, leading to a preference for the latter.
Researchers at Temple University's Center for Advanced Photonics Research are working on developing cyclic ozone, a molecule with three times the energy of normal ozone, which could play a crucial role in powering future space missions. The team plans to use ultrafast lasers to synthesize the molecule using an evolutionary search strat...
The study found significant variations in treatment practices for patients with malignant glioma, including differences in the use of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and antidepressants. These variations were associated with differences in survival rates, highlighting the need for further investigation and potential improvements to tr...
The IRE1 protein plays a crucial role in regulating new protein synthesis and immune cell development. Researchers have found that IRE1 is essential for the development of B lymphocytes, which produce antibodies to fight infections. The study suggests that IRE1 could be a target for new drugs to treat autoimmune diseases such as lupus.
A phase II clinical research study uses VEGF-2 gene therapy to stimulate growth of new blood vessels, relieving angina symptoms. The study aims to improve quality of life for patients with refractory chest pain.
The Swift satellite's Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) has captured an image of the Pinwheel Galaxy, revealing regions of star formation in the galaxy's spiral arms. The UVOT will also help scientists determine the distance to closer gamma-ray bursts and study their afterglows.
Researchers used APACHE III to identify patients with low predicted likelihood of survival and found that those with unrealistic family expectations used more ICU resources. However, one-year survival rates were similar, and survivors often had severe disabilities.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have developed a novel sensor technology that uses fluorescent dyes to create light-emitting polymer blends, enabling the detection of mechanical stress and potential product tampering. The technology has potential applications in various industries, including anti-counterfeiting elements,...
Researchers have discovered a novel way to block the smallpox virus by targeting a cellular signaling pathway. The approach, which uses an experimental drug called CI-1033, significantly impaired the production of new virus particles and spread of the virus in infected cells.
Scientists have discovered that gamma-secretase, a key enzyme involved in Alzheimer's disease, has diverse tissue-specific activity. This finding opens up new possibilities for developing targeted treatments by focusing on the inactivation of specific sub-units, which may reduce side effects.
A new study found that sequential MDCT is sufficient for measuring coronary artery calcification. However, more research needs to be done to see if there are even better techniques.
A new study by VCU researchers suggests that social support is a robust predictor of risk for depression in women, but not men. Women who reported higher levels of global social support were better protected against later episodes of major depression.