The NIST-developed Cost Effectiveness Tool for Capital Asset Protection (CET) Version 1.0 aids in creating a cost-effective risk mitigation plan by assessing damage scenarios, identifying potential strategies and evaluating life-cycle costs.
A study found that angry consumers were 37% more likely to choose default options than sad individuals. Sad people tend to examine all the options carefully and make informed decisions.
A study by Elizabeth Miller and Barbara Kahn found that consumers prefer atypical and unspecific names to common descriptives. The results suggest that color names can impact purchase propensity, with more ambiguous names leading to increased consumer appeal.
Researchers at the Salk Institute found that opposing chemical signals from neurotransmitters sculpt the developing nervous system by preserving synapses between motor neurons and muscle cells. This process helps eliminate unnecessary sites, allowing for more efficient neural connections.
Research suggests that a variant form of abnormal prion protein lacking an anchor may be unable to signal cells to start the lethal disease process, leading to infection without symptoms. The study provides novel insights into how prion and other neurodegenerative diseases develop and hints at new approaches to prevent such diseases.
A new study led by Dr. Tarani Chandola found no link between high intelligence in childhood and better health among highly educated adults. The study instead highlights the importance of policies targeting specific areas such as working conditions and enabling healthy lifestyles.
The study found that patients with ankylosing spondylitis who took NSAIDs continuously experienced less spinal joint damage than those who only used them for pain management. This suggests that inflammation and progression of joint damage may be separate processes in AS, and NSAIDs may have unexplored disease-controlling properties.
Researchers analyzed how mortality salience affects consumer behavior, particularly in food choice and charitable donations, highlighting the role of self-esteem as a buffer against existential anxiety. The study concludes that individuals respond differently to mortality salience based on their sources of self-esteem.
Research suggests long-term exposure to passive smoking increases premenopausal breast cancer risk by 68%. Active smoking also poses significant risk, with a 108% increase in breast cancer risk among those who have smoked.
Researchers have made significant progress in developing lead-free solders and electrically-conductive adhesives, offering environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional solder materials. However, challenges remain, including high processing temperatures and conductivity fatigue.
A new measurement method developed by NIST researchers uses the shadow cast by a small glass probe to infer the dimensions of tiny, microscale holes. The technique provides an improved quality control method for precision-engineered products, such as fuel nozzles and biomedical stents.
A virus can adapt the host's gene silencing machinery to evade the immune response by using microRNAs to silence a key protein target. This finding bolsters evidence that microRNAs play important roles in infected cells, challenging the long-held notion of their sole role as an antiviral defense mechanism.
Researchers found that HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) can inhibit programmed cell death in mouse models with hepatitis, shock, and stroke. PIs maintain mitochondrial integrity to prevent apoptosis, suggesting potential uses for related compounds in non-HIV disorders.
A simple packaged intervention improved storage of groundnuts among farmers in Guinea, reducing aflatoxin levels by over half. The intervention significantly lowered disease burden related to the potent environmental toxin, which is associated with increased risk of liver cancer and impaired child growth.
A study by researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that improved disease knowledge alone does not translate into improved blood sugar control, cholesterol levels, weight management, or mortality rates among diabetics. Despite this, education is still an important aspect of diabetes care.
A peer-reviewed study published in Science finds a complex warming signal in world oceans over the past 40 years. The signal is of human origin and cannot be explained by natural variability or solar/volcanic forcing.
Researchers found TNF inhibits conversion of DHEAS to DHEA, leading to local androgen deficiency in RA patients. The study highlights the need for early anti-TNF antibody therapy in treating this inflammatory disease.
The Common Message Authentication Code (CMAC) is a new authentication mechanism that uses block ciphers to verify the integrity of digital data. Developed by Japanese scientists Tetsu Iwata and Kaoru Kurosawa, CMAC is part of NIST's ongoing effort to update block cipher-based algorithms.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a four-phase catalytic reactor to convert biomass-derived carbohydrates into sulfur-free liquid alkanes. The process produces 90% of the energy found in the feedstock and creates twice the energy as ethanol production, with no additional heating or distillation required.
Research suggests that consumers rely on quick thinking and knowledge accessibility when making judgments, with retrieval ease playing a dominant role in moderately accessible situations. The study found that content-based judgments occur when relevant knowledge is highly inaccessible or easily retrievable.
A recent study published in JAMA Network found that the Tdap vaccine elicited robust immune responses in adolescents and adults to pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria antigens. The potential benefits of widespread use of an adolescent and adult pertussis booster vaccine include a reduction in pertussis disease.
A new study found that a single gene, Fruitless, is responsible for controlling fly sexual behavior. The researchers discovered that female flies with the male version of the protein behave like males and engage in nearly identical courtship rituals.
The ARC solar thermal building product significantly reduces energy consumption, saving Canadian homeowners up to 48% on their heating bills. By combining SIPS technology with solar panels, the product achieves impressive energy savings and contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Research reveals that consumerism is a social practice of identity maintenance and management, driving low-literate individuals to employ coping strategies. The study identifies the importance of developing consumers' confidence and abilities to engage socially when needs are denied or thwarted.
An outbreak in 2000-2001 revealed fungal contamination in breast implants, caused by poor ventilation and storage conditions. Investigators recommended improved HVAC systems, infection control staff inclusion, and use of closed systems to fill implants.
This study reveals that consumers store and camouflage brand products in their households, creating a new understanding of American consumerism. The findings challenge traditional assumptions about the significance of brands, highlighting the importance of household processes over individual identity.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute in Germany have developed Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy, enabling resolutions of up to 16nm with conventional optics. This breakthrough surpasses the long-held resolution limit imposed by Abbe's law.
A new study suggests that regular oral visual screening can significantly reduce mortality from mouth cancer, particularly among tobacco/alcohol users. The research found a 50% increase in 5-year survival rates and a 34% reduction in mortality for those screened, highlighting the potential of this simple yet effective procedure to save...
Researchers developed a vaccine targeting the local tumor environment to improve systemic anti-tumor immunity in melanoma patients. The study showed that the vaccine was safe and feasible, with partial responses and stable lesions observed in some patients.
Researchers Adam Duhachek analyzed two studies on consumer stress, creating a multidimensional scale to measure coping mechanisms. He found that consumers employ various strategies to cope with stress, including avoiding purchases, seeking social support, and using relaxation techniques.
Researchers discovered that children begin incorporating brands into their self-concepts around age 10. As they move into adolescence, these connections evolve qualitatively, reflecting shared personality traits and user characteristics.
Researchers have discovered a novel combination of Velcade and tubacin that is more than twice as effective in killing resistant myeloma cells. This breakthrough could improve patient outcomes by overcoming resistance to existing treatments.
The Expression Synthesis Project (ESP) interface, devised by Elaine Chew, allows users to control musical performance using familiar driving metaphors. By analyzing the structure of a piece of music, ESP creates a virtual 'road' that guides the user's decisions.
Researchers found that introducing a nine-ending price causes a change in the left-most digit can affect perception of price. The study also found that nine-ending prices are more likely to be perceived as lower when close to the comparison standard price.
This study examines how consumers respond to visual images in advertising, revealing that subtle properties of ad pictures can significantly impact product impressions. Consistency between picture and ad copy is key to positive consumer perceptions.
A study of 89 cardiac patients found that those with longer intensive care unit (ICU) stays had a significantly lower survival rate, with a 33% mortality rate among those staying 16 days or more. The quality of life for surviving patients was also affected by the duration of their ICU stay.
Researchers at North Carolina State University discovered a link between dinosaurs and living birds by finding medullary bone in a T. rex fossil, indicating the dinosaur was female and likely producing eggs. The presence of this tissue provides an objective means of sexing dinosaurs.
Researchers develop vaccine targeting the local tumor microenvironment to improve systemic anti-tumor immunity in metastatic melanoma patients. The study shows promising results with partial responses and improved survival rates in some patients.
DOE JGI scientists have overcome major challenges to sequence DNA from ancient cave bear specimens, yielding 40,000-year-old genomic data. The breakthrough enables comparison with modern brown bears and polar bears, shedding light on human predecessors.
Researchers found that disabling a specific gene in fruit flies causes premature maturation, leading to small and misshapen adults. This study provides insight into the genetic mechanisms controlling human development from childhood to adolescence.
Scientists at the University of Michigan have discovered a bacterium that can live on toluene as its sole source of carbon and energy. This discovery holds promise for cleaning up environmental pollutants, particularly in oxygen-scarce environments where toluene can cause problems.
A study published in Journal of Consumer Research reveals how consumers evaluate an experience by drawing connections between positive and negative events. The research suggests that people find comfort in ambivalence when a bad experience is compared immediately to a good one, providing valuable insights for marketing professionals.
Researchers have discovered a new strategy used by TB bacteria to resist fluoroquinolone antibiotics, which are often ineffective against multi-drug-resistant TB. The discovery also reveals that other disease-causing bacteria, such as Shigella and E. coli, have developed similar resistance mechanisms.
States that set higher Medicaid payment rates can enhance the program's attractiveness to potential employees, but moderate rate increases have a limited impact on access and use. Reducing fees by five to ten percent may also be an option when state budgets tighten without serious negative consequences.
The Millennium Simulation uses sophisticated modeling techniques to recreate evolutionary histories for 20 million galaxies and supermassive black holes. The simulation demonstrates that a few massive black holes can form early enough to account for rare quasars, and provides a new tool for understanding the nature of dark energy.
Researchers found that credit card practices define consumption lifestyles and facilitate their attainment through consumption. However, some practices impede consumers from achieving desired lifestyles.
A study found that exposure to aircraft noise impairs reading comprehension in children, with a 5-decibel change causing delays of up to 2 months. Road traffic noise improved recall memory, but increased exposure to both types of noise led to stress and reduced quality of life.
Researchers found that Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms develop faster in the presence of neutrophils, which are sent to fight infections. The biofilms become resistant to antibiotics and the immune system, leading to chronic lung damage and death.
A study by Moreau and Dahl found that input constraints encourage creative processing in consumers, particularly when time is not a significant factor. The researchers discovered that under pressure, individuals tap into their creative side through consumerism, leading to innovative solutions.
A new combination vaccine for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis has been found to be effective in providing immunity against whooping cough, with minimal adverse reactions. The vaccine is composed of four protein fragments from the pertussis bacterium and is comparable to existing vaccines in terms of immune response and safety.
Researchers developed a simple test to quantify loss of lubrication after knee injury, which has important implications for preventing osteoarthritis. The study found that lubricin completely disappeared from rabbits in three weeks and greater friction was observed in patients with injured knees.
Researchers found environmental toxins can alter animal genes, causing heritable diseases in multiple generations. The study suggests a role for environmental impacts in evolution, potentially impacting diseases like breast cancer and prostate disease.
Researchers explore how consumers construct their perceptions of self through loved possessions and activities. These objects play a crucial role in creating a coherent identity narrative, as they symbolically demarcate boundaries between the self and rejected identities.
Researchers have developed a new technique that allows for the creation of complex patterns in nano-electronics using self-assembling materials. This breakthrough enables the production of complex nano-electronic devices with non-regular geometries, which is crucial for advancing computer architecture by Moore's Law.
Physicists at NIST have demonstrated single photon detectors with an 88% efficiency, a significant improvement over previous designs. The detectors use a tungsten film chilled to near-absolute zero and are expected to enable reliable quantum communications systems.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that plants have a dual defense system against pathogens, using both PAMP and R-protein pathways. The study reveals that these pathways work together to provide stronger immune responses, allowing plants to resist infections more effectively.
This study found that consumers overestimate the impact of negative external cues and underweight positive cues when they are inconsistent. The relationship between positive and negative product cues is strongest when abundant intrinsic attribute information is present, suggesting a moderating effect on consumer judgments.