Cancer drug slows poxvirus in mice
Researchers found that Gleevec, a cancer drug, slowed the spread of poxviruses in mice. The study suggests that Gleevec might be useful as a preventative against adverse effects of smallpox vaccine.
Science News Archive June 2005
Page 3 of 15
Infant abuse linked to early experience, not genetics
Research in macaque monkeys suggests that infant abuse is transmitted through early experience, rather than genetic inheritance. The study found that abused mothers were more likely to abuse their own offspring, but only if raised by non-abusive caregivers.
Tai Chi can reduce falls in older people, says new research
Researchers found that Tai Chi significantly improved the physical fitness of fall-prone older adults, reducing the risk of falls and fractures. The exercise program showed a 25% reduction in walking time for those who practiced Tai Chi compared to the control group.
High-powered gene profiles provide clues to genes involved in common form of lung cancer
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have identified regions of irregular gene copy numbers in non-small cell lung cancer cells, pointing to a large number of previously unknown cancer-causing genes. The study also found that certain genes, including p63, play a role in the development of squamous cell carcinomas.
Diabetics with high blood pressure benefit from 'water pills'
Diabetics with hypertension can significantly reduce cardiovascular disease risks by taking diuretics, according to a new study. The medication has been shown to be more protective against heart failure and stroke in patients with diabetes and high blood pressure.
Mental processing is continuous, not like a computer
Researchers found that language comprehension involves continuous processing and competition between representations, contradicting traditional discrete models. The study used mouse movements to track students' processing of words, revealing curved trajectories indicating gradual ambiguity resolution.
PLoS Medicine refocuses world's attention on the tsunami, six months on
The special issue of PLoS Medicine examines the disproportionate death toll among women in the tsunami, highlighting pre-existing gender disparities. The article also critiques the inadequate healthcare response, including invasive media representation and ineffective psychological therapies.
Cancer related gene p53 not regulated as indicated by previous tissue culture research
Scientists at Salk Institute created a mouse model to study p53 regulation in vivo, finding that chemical modifications are not essential for protein activation under stress or normal conditions. The research has implications for cancer treatment and the development of specific drugs targeting p53's negative regulators.
Vascular disease most common cause of male erectile dysfunction
A new study published in The Journal of Sexual Medicine found that over half of men with ED and cardiac disease can safely discontinue oral nitrates to use PDE-5 inhibitors, restoring sexual function. The study showed no adverse cardiac events in the group, providing new evidence-based care for men with ED and cardiac disease.
Ancient DNA helps clarify the origins of two extinct New World horse species
A recent study using ancient DNA reveals that South American horses diverged from North American caballines around 3 million years ago. The research also suggests that all North American caballines belong to the same species and convergently evolved morphologically.
$5.1 billion would save 6 million children
According to a new study, $5.1 billion could save the lives of 6 million children annually by implementing community-based health interventions. These interventions, which include vaccines and preventive treatments for common childhood illnesses, could reduce the current annual cost of treatment by over 60%.
Experimental vaccine protects nonhuman primates from Lassa fever
A new experimental vaccine has shown promising results in protecting nonhuman primates from Lassa fever. The vaccine, developed using a non-pathogenic form of vesicular stomatitis virus as a carrier, has been successfully tested with all vaccinated monkeys surviving infection.
Greater use of evidence-based medicine needed in US outpatient care
A recent study found that outpatient care in the US has made modest improvements in some areas, but still lags behind evidence-based recommendations. The research highlights significant disparities in care, particularly for racial and ethnic minority groups.
Virginia Tech wins $2.7 million grant to protect people from malaria
Researchers at Virginia Tech will use 'in situ click chemistry' to design a novel, species-specific insecticide for Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, reducing toxicity and ensuring safety for humans and animals. The project aims to provide an effective solution for malaria control in communities worldwide.
Most primary care physicians believe annual physical examinations are valuable
Primary care physicians overwhelmingly believe that annual physical examinations provide valuable time for counseling on preventive health behaviors and improve the physician-patient relationship. Despite current guidelines recommending more selective screening, many PCPs perform annual exams due to patient demand and perceived benefits.
Smoking and inflammation
A study on smokers and non-smokers found that it takes several years for changes in the blood to return to normal after smoking. After quitting, the inflammatory response had returned to normal by five years, highlighting the importance of quitting smoking. This finding emphasizes the health benefits of smoking cessation.
New approach to thyroid surgery reduces incision size
Researchers have found that an incision about half the length used for traditional surgery works just as well in removing diseased thyroids. The minimally invasive approach is safe, likely speeds wound healing, and has a superior cosmetic result.
How risky are twin pregnancies?
Studies have found that monozygotic twin pregnancies can be complicated by a surprisingly high rate of fetal death despite intensive fetal surveillance. In one study, ten unexpected intrauterine deaths occurred in seven pregnancies with no prior signs of complications after 32 weeks' gestation.
Special scalpel reduces blood loss, facial nerve trauma in salivary surgery
A harmonic scalpel with ultrasound technology can reduce blood loss, postoperative facial paralysis, and infection rates in patients requiring salivary gland removal. The study compared conventional surgery to harmonic scalpel parotidectomy for benign or malignant disease.
End-of-life study to focus on needs of Sikh and Muslim patients
A two-year project at the University of Edinburgh aims to understand the cultural practices and needs of Sikh and Muslim patients nearing the end of life. The study will explore how caregivers can better support these communities, highlighting the importance of transcultural training for healthcare professionals.
A step forward in stem cell research
Researchers have successfully isolated and differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells from embryonic stem cells, offering a promising alternative to traditional methods. These cells can differentiate into multiple cell types, including bone, cartilage, fat, and muscle, with high purity and unlimited availability.
Genome study of beneficial microbe may help boost plant health
A genome study of the beneficial microbe Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 has identified new chemical pathways that may help boost plant health and combat plant diseases. The research, published in Nature Biotechnology, reveals the potential for this microbe to produce new antibiotic compounds.
Textbook explanation of mRNA translation may need rethinking
Researchers challenge traditional model of mRNA translation with discovery of EF-G's binding to GDP and its role as a GTP exchange factor. The ribosome plays a dual role in guanine-nucleotide exchange and GTPase-activation, leading to partial translocation of the mRNA.
Conflicts pitting doctors vs. patients / kin is #1 issue in medical ethics, Canadian experts say
Disagreements over treatment decisions between healthcare professionals, patients, and families are the top ethical challenge in Canada. Key findings include emotional end-of-life critical care cases and clashes of value systems due to cultural diversity.
Japanese doctors likelier than US counterparts to involve patients' families in decisions
A study of Japanese and US medical residents found that Japanese doctors are more likely to involve patients' families in decision-making, reflecting stronger family ties in Japan. In contrast, US residents tend to prioritize individual autonomy, with many preferring to communicate solely with the patient.
1001 Hawaiian nights dedicated to the cool and the far away!
The UKIDSS survey will scour the sky with the world's most powerful infrared survey camera to study objects too cool for visible light, like failed stars and distant quasars. The surveys aim to solve existing conundrums, such as when galaxies first lit up, and discover new phenomena.
The Academy of Natural Sciences & team discover new catfish species
Researchers have discovered a new catfish species in the Lacantún river of southern Chiapas state in Mexico, representing the 37th family of catfishes. The discovery highlights the vast knowledge gap in Mesoamerica's biotic legacy and conservation value.
'Apollo Program' for hydrogen energy needed, Stanford researcher says
A study by Stanford researchers suggests that converting to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles powered by wind could prevent millions of cases of respiratory illness and tens of thousands of hospitalizations. The conversion could be done at a comparable cost to gasoline, with potential health benefits outweighing the costs.
Antibiotics help combat dangerous tropical disease
Researchers found that doxycyclin effectively killed micro-filariae and adult Wuchereria worms, reducing symptoms of elephantiasis. The antibiotic's low side-effect profile and affordability make it a promising treatment option for this disease.
New food allergy research consortium focuses on peanut allergy
A new research consortium will investigate basic immunologic mechanisms associated with food allergy and test novel therapies to treat peanut allergy. The consortium will conduct clinical studies, observational studies, and develop educational programs for parents, children, and healthcare providers.
New software changes wireless technology functions on demand
Researchers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center have built an SDR test-bed to investigate and develop communication and navigation algorithms. This technology enables electronic devices to quickly change functions on demand, such as adapting a cell phone into a video camera or satellite interaction.
Protein synthesis can be controlled by light, opening way for new scientific, medical applications
Researchers have developed a new method that uses so-called 'caged compounds' to control protein synthesis, which can be activated by light. This technique could lead to more intricate studies of biological processes, such as protein synthesis in nerve synapses.
New guidelines: Common drugs can calm essential tremor
The American Academy of Neurology has released new guidelines for treating essential tremor, recommending medications such as propranolol and primidone to reduce limb tremors. Surgery is also an option when drug therapy is ineffective, with deep brain stimulation found to be more effective than thalamotomy in reducing tremors
Building strength in computer science: A new study from AAAS
A new AAAS study emphasizes the importance of recruiting non-traditional students into computer science studies and jobs to strengthen the U.S. workforce. The report found that traditional four-year schools often fail to meet the needs of non-traditional students, who are disproportionately women and minorities.
Moffitt-USF head toward first human trials of anti-cancer drug that targets protein AKT
Researchers at USF have discovered a tailored therapy for tumors with high levels of active Akt, which is abundant in 40% of women with ovarian cancer. The compound tricirbine has been found to inhibit some cancers and will be tested in clinical trials starting within six to eight months.
Gene changes linked to deficient immune suppression in MS
A study published in the Journal of Neuroscience Research found that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have lower expression of the FOXP3 gene, leading to reduced immune suppression. A new drug called NeuroVax was shown to increase FOXP3 levels and restore immune regulation in some patients.
Enzyme's newly discovered role may make it target for arthritis treatment
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine found that cathepsin G regulates neutrophil secretion of inflammatory chemicals, leading to tissue and cartilage damage in joints. Inhibiting this enzyme has attractive potential as a therapeutic target for treating arthritis.
A better understanding of gene flow
Gene flow researchers found that separation distances between GM and conventional crops can meet most impurity thresholds, reducing the risk of genetic material transfer. The study also estimated that around 32,000 oil seed/B. rapa hybrids are produced in the UK every year.
Gene testing doesn't increase anxiety, depression in children of people with Alzheimer's
Researchers found no significant difference in tests for depression and anxiety between children of people with Alzheimer's disease who were tested and those who were not. Participants reported high satisfaction with the genetic risk assessment process, with 95% saying they would choose it again.
Microbes found to produce miniature electrical wires
Researchers discovered Geobacter's ability to transfer electrons outside cells through microbial nanowires. These ultrafine conductive structures could enable mini-power grids and nano-manufacturing.
Online analytical toolbox for cancer and other biomedical research
Researchers can analyze patient demographics, clinical data, and gene expression using the online toolbox. The platform enables integrated analysis of diverse data sets, potentially leading to better disease diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
New magnetic techniques for microstructural characterisation of steels
The thesis proposes a measurement system that uses magnetic domains as internal sensors to determine microstructure variations in steels. This method allows for the quantitative investigation of dislocation density, grain boundaries, and precipitates, opening up new technological possibilities in magnetic non-destructive testing.
Researchers discover mechanism that may enable stem cell-based treatment for eye disorders
A new study reveals how the GDF11 protein controls retinal-cell differentiation during development, making it an attractive therapeutic target. By manipulating this process, researchers may be able to harness the power of existing stem cells in the retina to replace damaged or diseased cells and potentially cure visual disorders.
BP Conservation programme marks 15th anniversary
The BP Conservation Programme has announced a new five-year initiative to support global biodiversity conservation. The program has provided annual support to teams of conservationists for 15 years, with past projects describing approximately 25 species new to science and influencing local community environmental awareness.
New report calls for recovery units to boost surgery survival rates
A new report recommends introducing post-surgery overnight recovery units to improve mortality rates and reduce hospital stays. The proposal includes assessing patient fitness at an earlier stage and using exercise and nutritional supplements to prepare patients for surgery.
Researchers get clearer view of Earth's atmosphere --- from the laboratory
Scientists at Ohio State University have created a faster method to study the Earth's atmosphere by utilizing laboratory-based spectroscopy techniques. This new approach enables researchers to quickly identify and remove interference signals from molecules in gas systems, leading to more accurate measurements of atmospheric composition.
Researchers discover stem cell 'guide' that may be key for targeting neural stem cell treatments
Researchers at UCI identified a protein called prokineticin 2 (PK2) that directs new neurons created from adult stem cells to specific brain regions. This discovery could lead to targeted therapies for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, as well as stroke and other brain injuries.
Arsenic - not the same for everyone
Research reveals that an individual's genetic makeup determines how arsenic is metabolized, affecting disease risk. The study found a specific gene variant associated with altered urinary arsenic metabolites in children, but not adults.
UC Davis researchers discover receptor pathway for C-reactive protein and its effects
Researchers at UC Davis have discovered a receptor pathway for C-reactive protein, a known risk marker for heart disease. Blocking this pathway with specific antibodies reverses the detrimental effects of CRP on endothelial cells.
'X-factor' causes Scots to have higher heart disease rates, say scientists
Researchers found that Scots are more likely to have poorer economic situations, drink problems, and smoke more than English people. Despite controlling for these factors, the study revealed a 50% higher heart disease rate in Scotland compared to England.
Georgetown cancer researchers develop high throughput method
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center have developed a cutting-edge matrix assembly technology to analyze large numbers of tumors. The new method allows scientists to discover and detect unique biomarkers of disease in patients, leading to more accurate patient diagnosis and treatment.
Postnatal depression in fathers may affect children's behavioural development
A study of over 13,500 mothers and their partners found that paternal postnatal depression was associated with adverse emotional and behavioral problems in children, especially boys. The effects persisted even after controlling for maternal postnatal depression.
Unlocking hydrogen's fuel potential
Researchers at Ames Lab investigate solid fuels mimicking methane, ideal for hydrogen production and efficient energy storage. They use mechanochemical processing and nanostructuring to create recharged materials.
'Laser tweezers' reveal microscopic mechanical properties of blood clots
A team of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine has used laser tweezers to measure the mechanical properties of individual fibers in blood clots. The study reveals that clots deform primarily by bending of their fibers, rather than stretching, providing new insights into clot physiology.
MicroRNAs play a big part in gene regulation - and evolution
Researchers discovered extensive microRNA target gene predictions, assigning a biological function to 70% of all microRNAs. The findings provide insights into the importance and function of microRNAs across huge evolutionary time scales, shedding light on their role in shaping life's diversity.
Chickadees' alarm calls carry information about size, threat of predators
Researchers found that chickadees produce two distinct alarm signals, warning of predator size and threat level. The birds assess risk based on body size, with larger raptors posing greater danger.
Mapping neuron connections in the brain
A new theoretical framework allows for two-dimensional drawings of neuron arbors, facilitating the creation of biologically realistic connection maps. This enables computer simulations of neural circuits involving tens of thousands of neurons, potentially unraveling brain mysteries.
What's inside a comet? Brown geologist helps NASA find out
A Brown University geologist is part of a joint space mission to study a comet's composition. The Deep Impact mission will provide a first-ever look inside a comet when an impactor hits Tempel 1, helping scientists understand how comets shaped the solar system.
New findings show persistent El Niño-like conditions during past global warming
Researchers discovered a stable state in the ocean-atmosphere system that is dramatically different from today's, contradicting previous studies. This finding suggests the Earth's system functioned differently in the past, and highlights the need for improved climate models to reproduce various climate states.
Revueltosaurus skeleton unearthed at Petrified Forest upsets dinosaur tale
The discovery of Revueltosaurus, a crocodile ancestor, upends the traditional understanding of dinosaur evolution. The fossil finds suggest that herbivorous ornithischians and meat-eating theropods did not co-evolve in the Late Triassic as previously thought.