The NIH and DOE have collaborated to develop additional X-ray beamlines at Argonne National Laboratory, enhancing structural biology research. Researchers can now conduct studies from home laboratories with the aid of automated tools, leading to improved data quality and discovery.
Phytoplankton population and size can change dramatically due to El Niño and La Niña events, affecting ocean ecology and influencing the climate. These changes impact carbon storage in the ocean, which in turn helps stabilize carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere.
Paul Bierman, a geologist at the University of Vermont, has been awarded the NSF Director's Distinguished Teaching Scholars award. The award recognizes his outstanding contributions to both research and education, with new funding supporting the Landscape Change Program.
A new study found that diabetic patients are at higher risk for developing respiratory tract, skin and mucous membrane, and urinary tract infections. The odds were significantly higher for both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic controls.
As people age, their lenses become four times stiffer, increasing the risk of eye injury. The study recommends using safety systems like seat belts while driving and wearing impact-resistant glasses or protective lenses in sports or work environments.
A recent study by Yale University researchers found that sEGFR, a breast cancer growth regulator, can indicate the effectiveness of letrozole in postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. Decreased concentrations of sEGFR were seen in 73% and 76% of patients after one month and three months of treatment respectively.
Duke University researchers used a novel system to trace stress flow in granular materials, finding jagged pathways in certain setups. The Chicago Materials Research Center also made significant discoveries, quantifying changes in stress propagation when grains shift from jammed to flowing states.
A recent study published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine found that 434 out of 3,340 older adults screened positive for dementia, but only half received a definitive diagnosis. This highlights the need for improved follow-up care and awareness to prevent misdiagnosis and ensure timely treatment.
Researchers will monitor oceanic thunderstorms to study why some systems develop into tropical cyclones and some do not. The data could support development of a more accurate and timely warning system to help safeguard property and lives.
Researchers developed a new test for thyroid cancer that can detect recurrence up to three years before symptoms appear. The test measures thyroglobulin levels after injecting patients with Thyrogen, allowing for earlier detection of the disease.
A new study estimates that an additional $5.1 billion annually will be needed to deliver universally available interventions in 42 countries, which will save the lives of 6 million children. The authors conclude that this cost is affordable and reflects a choice made by policy makers and donors.
A newly discovered invasive parasite is destroying the small sunbleak minnow's ability to spawn, potentially threatening freshwater ecosystem diversity and stability. The parasite, found in Asian gudgeon fish, causes near 100% failure in successful spawning, wiping out local populations over several generations.
The structure reveals new details about TLR3's binding site for double-stranded RNA and its potential role in detecting viral invaders. This breakthrough may help scientists understand the function of TLR proteins and identify potential therapeutic targets for diseases.
Soybean rust, a fungal disease affecting crops in Africa, Asia, Australia, and South America, has caused up to 80% yield losses. Plant pathologists will discuss research on overwintering, movement, host plant resistance, and chemical control during the APS Annual Meeting symposium.
Researchers at the University of Florida have created a new type of high-frequency circuit using widespread complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. The 105 GHz circuit has potential applications in bioterrorism detection, as its frequency closely matches that of tiny pathogens and chemical bonds.
Duke researchers create a mathematically nimble way to follow the transfer of forces through a laboratory version of a granular mass, revealing the existence of long-range force chains. The new technique allows for quantitative analysis of force dynamics in granular materials.
Researchers have discovered that naturally occurring cannabinoids, such as 2-AG, play a role in stress-induced analgesia. A new drug targeting the enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase could manipulate these compounds to provide pain relief without psychoactive side effects.
A team of physicists at the University of Chicago has measured the forces exerted between granular particles as they transition from a jammed state to a flowing state. The study shows that granular systems have an 'effective temperature' similar to glass, allowing particles to rearrange and flow.
A study published in Review of Policy Research questions the role of speed limits in improving highway safety. Research by Dr. Robert O. Yowell suggests that technical progress, seat belt use, and increased road maintenance contribute more to declining fatality rates.
Researchers are exploring the use of interactive humanoids like RUBI and QRIO in educational environments. The robots are attending a UCSD nursery school as part of a long-term study to advance the field of real-time, social robotics.
The study reveals the forms taken by transitional structures of tubulin during microtubule assembly and disassembly, providing a new understanding of microtubule dynamic instability. The binding of GTP controls activity at the growing end of the microtubule, enabling rapid growth followed by sudden shrinking.
A University of Pittsburgh study published in the Journal of Neurosurgery found that athletes with post-traumatic migraine (PTM) after a concussion experienced increased neurocognitive function impairment. This suggests that clinicians should exercise caution when managing concussed athletes with PTM.
Researchers discovered that mid-sized nanomaterials (27-30 nm) are optimal for cellular entry. This knowledge can help design drugs to keep viruses out and molecules to enter cells safely. The study's findings have broad implications for developing gene and drug delivery tools.
A recent study published in Environmental Science & Technology has found that parking lot sealcoat may be a significant source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The research suggests that the sealcoat can leach PAHs into the environment, posing potential health risks.
A joint study by the University of Minnesota and German institutions found that participants' perceived shape of a face influences their verbal estimates and reach movements. The 'hollow-face illusion' showed similar effects on both verbal and reaching tasks, highlighting the importance of object recognition in motor actions.
A new study has developed an oral rinse test that can detect the presence of white blood cells in patients undergoing bone marrow transplants. The test was found to be effective in predicting which patients are at risk of infection during their recovery, with a difference of less than four days being an indicator of susceptibility.
Researchers found that abnormal distribution of PfEMP-1 protein on red blood cells containing hemoglobin C impairs malaria parasites' ability to cause disease symptoms. This may explain why individuals with at least one gene for hemoglobin C are less prone to severe malaria.
Researchers at MIT have successfully observed fermionic superfluidity in a lithium-6 isotope, enabling the study of high-temperature superconductivity. The team achieved this by cooling gas close to absolute zero and trapping it using laser beams.
Research reveals that nano-C60 dissolves in water and inhibits the growth of bacteria at low concentrations. The findings raise questions about the potential applications and environmental impact of buckyball aggregates.
A new study finds that post-surgical chemotherapy significantly improves five-year survival rates for patients with non-small cell lung cancer, reducing cancer recurrence by 49% compared to surgery alone. The treatment is inexpensive and has limited side effects, paving the way for a new standard of care.
Chronic wounds like bedsores affect millions in US, causing widespread infections and limb amputations. Researchers found skin cells get stuck in healing process due to overabundance of c-myc, a molecule that suppresses cell migration and causes thickened layers around the wound.
Astronomers discover a perturbed dusty belt around Fomalhaut, indicating the presence of a planet. The discovery provides valuable insights into debris disks and planetary formation.
Math Professor Suncica Canic received a Top Houston Women in Technology award for her career achievements and research on improving stent design. UH students Irene Cooperstein Cole and Barbara Nishae Brooks were awarded $10,000 Kathi Bowles Scholarships for their exemplary performance in math and computer science.
A European study found that multiple pregnancies have a significant economic impact, with costs estimated at over €60m annually. The study suggests that preventing multiple births through single embryo transfer can reduce these costs and improve outcomes for mothers and babies.
The American Academy of Neurology has published a new guideline recommending medications such as propranolol, primidone, sotalol, and atenolol to treat limb and head tremors in patients with essential tremor. These medications can help manage tremors and improve daily life.
A recent survey reveals that physicians are nearly as religious as the general population, but their specific beliefs often differ from those of their patients. The study found that doctors from certain ethnic and religious backgrounds were more likely to identify as religious, while others were less likely.
Researchers successfully treated a laboratory model of GM1 – gangliosidosis using genetically modified bone marrow cells that produce an enzyme breaking down excess GM1. The treatment restored the activity of degenerating brain cells, suggesting a potential cure for this neurodegenerative disease.
Researchers found that asymptomatic autoimmune hepatitis patients had lower liver enzyme and IgG antibody levels, but did not differ from symptomatic patients in terms of inflammation. Despite treatment recommendations, most asymptomatic patients do well without immunosuppressive therapy as long as they remain asymptomatic.
A research team at UCLA and Caltech found that individual neurons can recognize specific images, including faces and letter strings of names. The discovery suggests a consistent code for transforming complex visual representations into long-term memories.
Scientists have discovered a connection between ancient climate, carbon dioxide levels, and vegetation in deep sea algae. The study found that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were up to five times greater than today during the Paleogene Period, leading to rapid global cooling and the origin of land plants sensitive to CO2.
Researchers have successfully grown mesenchymal stem cells from human skin, which can be differentiated into three vital tissues: bone, muscle, and fat. This breakthrough could provide a valuable resource for tissue repair and organ regeneration, overcoming problems with immune rejection and tissue shortage.
A new transcription factor system in bacteria has been identified, which represses expression of genes involved in DNA replication. The system was discovered using comparative genomics and phylogenetic footprinting, revealing a highly conserved signal sequence and the regulatory transcription factor that binds it.
Researchers from Oregon State University and colleagues used digital particle imaging velocimetry to analyze the wing movement of hummingbirds. The study found that hummingbirds support 75% of their weight during the down stroke and 25% on the up stroke, unlike insects which produce equal amounts of lift during both strokes.
A study of 360 women with borderline ovarian tumours found that conservative surgery can preserve fertility, especially for younger women with unilateral BOT. However, the recurrence rate was high at 16.6% over an average 70-month period.
Researchers found that CD22 targets its own molecule to regulate B cell activation. This discovery is crucial for understanding the complete picture of how CD22 and B cells work, which can lead to new ways of addressing immunologic disorders involving B cell activation.
A new $2.5 million high-tech incubator at Russell Sage College aims to increase girls' participation in STEM fields. The incubator will provide resources and support for startups, creating jobs and advancing the college's science programs.
A major population study examines the impact of maternal factors during pregnancy on PCOS development. The research suggests that high maternal weight in late pregnancy and reduced fetal growth are associated with irregular periods and more severe PCOS symptoms in adulthood.
Researchers have discovered a link between stress-induced analgesia and endocannabinoids, finding that natural marijuana-like chemicals in the brain play a key role in pain suppression. A novel inhibitor molecule has been developed to boost the analgesic effect of the specific cannabinoid compound most directly related to pain relief.
Christine Chung, a Vanderbilt researcher, has won the Damon Runyon Research Foundation/Lilly Clinical Investigator Award to support her work on genetic profiling for head and neck cancers. The award will provide funding for DNA microarray technology to predict tumor recurrence and response to chemotherapies.
A report from the ESHRE committee reveals a significant rise in ICSI cycles, overtaking IVF techniques as the most commonly used assisted reproductive technology. The increase in ICSI cycles may be linked to shifting causes of infertility, with male subfertility potentially on the rise.
A study published in the American Journal of Pathology reveals that Wnt-7b is significantly upregulated in arthritic knee tissues, particularly in areas of high inflammation. The findings suggest a potential role for Wnt-7b in rheumatoid arthritis progression and may lead to new therapeutic strategies.
A new study by The Wistar Institute has identified a three-protein complex responsible for producing mature miRNAs in the cell cytoplasm. This complex is associated with Argonaute 2, which plays a crucial role in gene silencing. The research also links miRNA production to HIV replication and tumor suppression.
A study found that IVF's benefits, including increased live births and reduced multiple births, outweigh its costs. The 'production' cost of a pregnancy rose from €14,000 to €22,000 between 1994 and 2002.
Researchers have found evidence of a venom delivery apparatus in an extinct mammal, Bisonalveus browni, dating back 60 million years. The discovery suggests that mammals have evolved more flexible venom systems than previously thought.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a new type of ultrathin film made from spherical cages of carbon atoms, which can enable more precise patterning of electronic and sensing devices. The material's unique properties allow for easier replacement of molecules, expanding the range of molecular components that can be incorporated.
Researchers used digital particle imaging velocimetry to document the movement of air around a hummingbird's wings, revealing that it develops only 25% of its weight support during the upstroke. This unique wing structure enables hummingbirds to tap into 'leading edge vortices' and gain hovering ability.
A Brown University and Harvard Medical School team has revealed the crystal structure of λ-integrase, a protein responsible for site-specific recombination in lambda virus. The findings provide a major leap in understanding mobile DNA, with implications for studying viral infections and gene editing.
A recent review confirms a moderate effect of antibiotics on illness course in acute lower respiratory tract infection. However, the debate continues about the role of antibiotics due to limited evidence. The study found that adopting delayed or no antibiotic strategies reduces both antibiotic use and belief in their effectiveness.
Researchers found that bacterial infections trigger the production of antibodies against 'self' glycosphingolipids, leading to autoreactive T cell activation. This mechanism may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
A study of 60 male and 4,181 female breast cancer patients found that men were almost six times more likely to receive radiotherapy than women with similar disease stages. The researchers concluded that men should be treated using the same guidelines as women for radiotherapy treatment.