A Carnegie Mellon study reveals that infant-directed speech aids infants in learning words more quickly than normal adult speech. This research also sheds light on why adults struggle to learn a second language, as they can use their native tongue effortlessly.
A study by Johns Hopkins found that higher specialist-to-population ratios do not decrease mortality rates and can lead to more unnecessary tests and procedures. The researchers suggest finding better ways for primary-care and specialist physicians to work together to improve health services.
The government is funding an ineffective drug cure for chronic hemodialysis patients, with costs estimated at $8086 per year per person. Dr. Theodore Steinman argues that more and better studies are needed before L-carnitine can be used on a wide scale basis.
Researchers found that ceria nanoparticles with zirconium and gold improve oxygen storage and release, leading to more efficient catalytic converters. This technology holds promise for a cleaner future.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic discovered a new pathway against pancreatic cancer by targeting the GSK-3 Beta molecule, which regulates NF Kappa B activity. This finding may lead to new drug development strategies for other cancers and improve treatment options for pancreatic cancer patients.
The article highlights five major types of conflict in caring for the dying patient, including physician-family, physician-nurse, and family-family conflicts. It suggests negotiating a course of treatment with all parties involved to avoid potential conflicts and emphasizes the importance of empathy in resolving disputes.
Researchers discover that lanosterol stimulates the degradation of cholesterol-building enzyme HMG CoA reductase, controlling cellular cholesterol production. This finding has important clinical implications for improving cholesterol control in statin therapy.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed new polymer coatings that generate nitric oxide from compounds found in blood, which may improve accuracy and reduce clots in implanted sensors. The copper-based materials could lead to longer lifespans for these devices, addressing limitations of earlier designs.
A new study found that racial and ethnic differences in breast cancer rates can be largely explained by the distribution of risk factors, except in African American women. Among those diagnosed with breast cancer, African American women are more likely to have advanced-stage disease, larger tumors, and estrogen receptor-negative disease.
Researchers have successfully developed a method to mass-produce embryonic stem cells using a bioreactor, which increases cell growth up to 193-fold in just 15 days. This innovative approach has the potential to reduce production costs by at least 80% and increase cell density by several hundred million times.
The PLMS system provides instant feedback on alternative grazing systems' impact on farm profit, milk production, and greenhouse gas emissions. A multidisciplinary team is developing the system to balance forage needs with livestock requirements.
A Carnegie Mellon-developed robot has detected life in the Atacama desert through a fluorescence system that can identify sparse microorganisms and visualize biofilms. The findings provide insights into detecting life on Mars, with implications for astrobiology research.
The report estimates that between $1.1 trillion and $3.4 trillion will be transferred from African-American households by 2055. This represents a significant wealth transfer, with African-American households generating less than 2.5% of the national total.
Researchers found that vaccinating mice with prostate cancer immediately after hormone therapy triggers a stronger T-cell response against the cancer. The strategy could lead to better vaccine effectiveness in humans, delaying the need for additional treatments or hormone therapy.
A recent study found that cardiologists significantly underreported racial and ethnic disparities in care, with only 12% reporting disparities in their own hospitals. The study suggests that increasing awareness through practice data analysis can help address these disparities.
A study found that carriers of a genetic variant associated with low antioxidant levels in the blood have a significantly increased risk of developing aggressive prostate cancer. The research highlights the potential role of antioxidants such as selenium and vitamin E in preventing prostate cancer.
Research finds that ICU patients who develop bloodstream infections have a significantly higher mortality rate than those who do not, highlighting the importance of preventing these infections. The study also suggests that interventions targeting less severely ill patients and at-risk individuals may be effective in reducing mortality ...
Researchers found that stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex elicits complex, innate behaviors such as aggressive facial patterns and hand-to-mouth movements in primates. This discovery suggests that these behaviors are built-in to primate brains, including humans.
Wendy Saltzman's study finds that subordinate female monkeys are infertile until they become dominant, potentially benefiting them by reducing resource investment in infant survival. Her research on marmoset social behavior has implications for understanding human fertility and reproductive functioning.
A massive study is examining prostate cancer screening practices to determine their impact on death rates. The study follows 75,000 men, half of whom are screened and half receive conventional care, allowing researchers to compare survival rates.
Researchers discovered that methamphetamine triggers an immune response by forming antibodies, leading to increased tolerance and binge behavior. This finding may lead to the development of specific antibodies as a clinical treatment for addiction.
A study found that women with left-sided breast cancer had a higher risk of death from ischemic heart disease after radiation therapy, but this increased risk declined over time. Advances in radiation techniques have reduced the dose to the heart, resulting in lower mortality rates among women diagnosed with right-sided breast cancer.
A recent study published in Cell Metabolism discovered a novel link between a molecule called apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) and the development of atherosclerosis. AIM, which typically protects infection-fighting cells, was found to promote plaque buildup inside arteries when its function is suppressed.
Research reveals unique flavors and textures in Hispanic-style cheeses, while scientists also identify ways to make beans healthier and analyze the chemistry of margaritas. The study could lead to improved quality and marketability of these foods as they gain popularity in mainstream cuisine.
A new study found that drug therapy can be as effective as invasive cardiac procedures for elderly patients with heart attacks. The research analyzed data from over 158,000 Medicare patients and showed that a more intensive medical management style was associated with improved survival, regardless of the level of invasive treatment.
The Purdue team used a unique method to study the oxidation of methane on a palladium catalyst, revealing that the rate is always the same regardless of the surface exposed. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient catalytic combustion technology, reducing pollution and improving energy efficiency.
A recent study found that aspirin may help prevent colon polyps in individuals with variant forms of the UGT1A6 enzyme. However, for those without this variant, the benefit was not significant. The researchers suggest that persistent aspirin levels could lead to increased bleeding risks.
Researchers at Arizona State University found that liposomes form microtubules under low electric fields, which may have significant implications for cellular biology and nanotechnology. The discovery could lead to new methods for fabricating bionanotubes.
Researchers at Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School found that ferroportin is the major iron exporter in key sites of absorption and release. This protein's loss of control may lead to excessive iron accumulation in tissues, causing hereditary disease hemochromatosis.
The Indiana University Christian Sarkine Autism Treatment Center has launched a new program to train teachers to support children with autism. The program, called HANDS in Autism, will provide intensive training for educators and other staff members in local school districts.
Max Planck scientists have developed a novel therapeutic strategy against anthrax using defensins. These molecules can neutralize the lethal toxin of anthrax bacilli, preventing its deadly effect and protecting against fatal consequences.
Asian countries are closing the gap with the US in research and development, driven by increased talent pool, R&D spending, and patent growth. The number of researchers in Asia has grown rapidly, while US doctoral degrees have decreased, leading to a decline in US scientific capability.
A study found that young coronary artery disease patients have a high prevalence of hostility symptoms, with improvements in risk factors and quality of life seen after cardiac rehabilitation. The researchers suggest that reducing hostility should be emphasized in rehabilitation following a heart attack to improve long-term prognosis.
Researchers discovered that low-carbohydrate diets led to spontaneous reduction in daily energy consumption and improved glucose levels in obese diabetic patients. The study found no evidence of boredom or metabolic changes as explanations for weight loss.
A recent study by the University of Toronto found that nearly one in five teenagers in Ontario have evidence of tooth damage. The study also revealed that youth with cavities are more likely to experience tooth injuries.
A recent multi-center study found a direct link between residential radon exposure and increased lung cancer risk, with risks estimated to be 11-21% higher than average levels. The study, pooling data from seven North American studies, supports earlier findings and provides unambiguous evidence of the association.
A new study published in Heart found that individuals with giant cell arteritis (GCA) have a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular disease compared to healthy adults. The prevalence of GCA is estimated at one per every 500 seniors, and patients with this condition are more than twice as likely to experience heart attacks or strokes.
A study on twin pairs found that environmental influences play a role in shaping religiousness during childhood, but a stronger genetic influence emerges in adulthood. Like other personality traits, adult religiousness is heritable, indicating that an individual's faith can be influenced by their genetic makeup.
Scottish scientists are investigating a mechanism that may stop retroviruses in their tracks by interfering with disease-causing retrovirus infections. The study aims to develop new anti-retroviral therapies that can target cells already infected by retroviruses.
Researchers used fMRI to study brain activity under hypnosis for pain suppression, finding reduced activity in pain network areas and increased activity in other regions. This suggests that hypnosis blocks the pain signal from reaching the brain's perception centers.
Researchers discover ON01910, a non-ATP-competitive small molecule inhibitor of Plk1, arrests cell division in human cancer cells and inhibits a variety of tumors. Clinical studies are currently underway to determine the best way to utilize this potent anticancer agent.
A new study from PLOS Biology shows that reintroduced gray wolves in Yellowstone Park provide a crucial safety net for scavengers during climate change. Wolf kills temper the devastating effects of climate-related carrion shortages on scavengers.
Researchers have discovered that skeletal precursors of cardiomyocytes (Spoc cells) can transform into beating cardiac muscle cells, offering hope for developing cell-based treatments for heart disease. These cells were isolated from adult mice and showed spontaneous rhythmic beating and expressed cardiac markers.
Researchers discovered that DJ-1 negatively regulates PTEN function, suggesting a potential link between high DJ-1 levels and enhanced cancer cell survival. Elevated DJ-1 levels were associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients and may serve as a prognostic marker for cancer patients.
A new study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that obese patients with type 2 diabetes who followed a very low-carbohydrate diet lost significant amounts of weight. The participants consumed fewer calories on the low-carb diet, resulting in improved blood sugar levels and reduced triglycerides and cholesterol levels.
Researchers found that postmenopausal breast cancer survivors have a higher risk of bone fractures, with 68.6 excess fractures per 10,000 person-years compared to the general population. The study also identified factors associated with increased fracture risk, including age, ethnicity, and depression.
Researchers at Yale University found that rhesus monkeys only took grapes when they couldn't see the other person looking at them. This suggests that monkeys can reason about the mental states of others, including perception. The study's findings could provide insight into the causes of autism and social interactions.
Breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa shows similarities with African-American women's disease patterns, suggesting possible hereditary factors. Incidence rates are lower due to protective behaviors like reproductive patterns and dietary habits.
A deeper understanding of behavioral biology is necessary to improve laws, according to Vanderbilt law professor Owen Jones. By integrating life science and social science perspectives on behavior, laws can be more effective in pursuing their goals.
A study of postmenopausal women found that a high white blood cell count is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and death. Women in the highest quartile had a doubled risk for coronary heart disease death, 40% higher risk for nonfatal heart attacks, and 50% higher risk for total mortality.
A three-week study of ten obese volunteers with mild type 2 diabetes mellitus found that a very low-carbohydrate diet led to an average weight loss of 3.6 pounds, primarily due to reduced calorie intake rather than loss of body fluid or increased metabolism. The results suggest that carbohydrate restriction may stimulate excessive appe...
Researchers discovered BIM accumulation is crucial for paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, while H-ras/MAPK pathway suppresses it. Cotreatment with proteosome inhibitors restored BIM accumulation, enabling tumor regression. This study highlights the importance of understanding signaling mechanisms to guide rational combination therapy.
A Florida Tech scientist has received a $1.7 million NSF grant to develop an integrated science teaching enhancement partnership, which will help design and pilot learning modules linking earth science, biology, chemistry, and physics
A study published in Heart found that antidepressants may explain the increased risk of heart attack associated with their use. Patients who recently started antidepressants were twice as likely to have a heart attack within seven days compared to those who hadn't taken the medication before.
Researchers at Temple University have developed a new targeted cancer therapy called ON01910, which inhibits Plk1 activity and shows promise in treating advanced and metastatic cancers. The compound has been shown to block tumor cell invasion, angiogenesis, and induce tumor cell death.
A new study finds that treating depression in older adults improves their ability to perform tasks critical to independent living and slows physical decline. The study used collaborative care management and found improved outcomes for patients with late-life depression.
A recent study found that Medicaid patients diagnosed with late-stage cancer have significantly poorer survival rates than those diagnosed earlier. The median survival was 18 months for late enrollers compared to 38 months for early enrollers and non-Medicaid patients.
Research suggests education level has no observable benefit on BMI for African-American women, despite their high rates of obesity and related illnesses. Prevention efforts should begin in adolescence or early adulthood to address this disparity.
Rutgers Professor Joel Lebowitz is recognized for his tireless personal activism to secure basic freedoms and ensure scientists' ability to practice their professions openly. He has improved society's quality of life, demonstrated outstanding teaching, and led the quest for international human rights or peace.
A new device can detect traces of explosives in air, making it possible to screen 100% of passengers at airports and border crossings. The device is 1,000 times more sensitive than current technology, allowing for accurate detection with minimal environmental interference.