The study found a strong risk factor for AMD, caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism in the complement factor H gene. The genetic variation alters a protein that regulates the immune system's attack on foreign invaders and abnormal cells.
Mice raised in an enriched environment with running wheels and toys showed reduced beta-amyloid deposits and increased enzyme activity. They also exhibited improved genes involved in learning, memory, brain cell survival, and blood vessel growth.
Scientists have developed a new method to create detailed images of the Earth's interior, improving resolution and accuracy. This technique uses ambient seismic noise, rather than earthquakes, allowing for better understanding of the planet's structure.
Researchers found that round goby abundance has increased dramatically throughout the Great Lakes basin since its arrival in 1990, leading to concerns over native species extinctions. Gobies have been shown to eat eggs and young of various native species, contributing to their decline or extinction.
A team of researchers at the University of California, Riverside, has discovered a molecular mechanism that allows plant cells in thin structures like leaves to develop in a jigsaw-like pattern. This unique pattern provides the leaf with an extraordinary degree of strength, enabling it to grow and thrive.
A study of 314 children found that those in the high normal weight range were at an elevated risk of becoming overweight or obese as adults. Nearly half of male subjects and nearly a quarter of female subjects became overweight or obese between childhood and young adulthood.
Researchers develop small interfering RNA technology to silence a gene involved in cancer progression, reducing cell proliferation and killing cancer cells. Additionally, inhibiting stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 decreases body fat and prevents obesity, validating SCD1 as a potential target for pharmacological intervention.
Researchers have developed a new method to measure surface waves from normal seismic noise, providing better resolution of the Earth's interior. This technique promises significant improvements in crust and upper mantle image quality down to 60 miles within the Earth.
Eight prominent researchers are awarded the Presidential National Medal of Science, including R. Duncan Luce, J. Michael Bishop, Solomon H. Snyder, Charles Yanofsky, John M. Prausnitz, and Carl R. de Boor, for their pioneering work in various fields of science and engineering.
Researchers investigated polo like kinase-1 (PLK-1) siRNA in mice with bladder cancer, finding that intravesical administration of the inhibitor reduced cell proliferation and killed cancer cells. PLK-1 siRNA also prevented growth of bladder cancer in mouse models.
A study published in The Lancet found that rasagiline significantly reduces disability and motor fluctuations in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, improving their motor function. Rasagiline was well-tolerated and convenient to administer, making it a promising treatment option for Parkinson's patients.
Researchers investigated how reduced gravity affects bacteria, finding that certain species may thrive in space station environments. The study suggests that microgravity, combined with radiation resistance and low nutrient conditions, contributes to the success of water system bacteria.
A Vanderbilt University Medical Center study has identified a crucial early step in the HIV assembly process, revealing how the Gag protein is directed to the multivesicular body. The discovery could lead to the development of new drugs targeting this step, potentially blocking viral replication.
Researchers found that high-dose gamma radiation and bone marrow transfer prevented glaucoma in mice by blocking neurodegeneration. The treatment, which is already used for human cancers, may also offer protection against other neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
A common gene variant in the complement factor H (CFH) gene is associated with a 43% increase in risk of age-related macular degeneration. This finding sheds light on the disease's underlying mechanisms and could lead to new therapeutic approaches. Understanding the role of CFH may ultimately enable early detection and prevention of AMD.
A study found that 41% of infertile women would use preimplantation sex selection at no cost, with racial groups having a stronger preference for selecting the sex of their child. Women without children and those seeking family balancing were more likely to choose nonmedical sex selection.
Researchers found that rotating black holes can cause negative refraction in electromagnetic radiation, affecting our knowledge of the universe. This discovery highlights the importance of considering gravitational forces when studying the origin of the universe.
A randomized, controlled study evaluated four behavioral drug abuse treatments for reducing methamphetamine use and risky sexual behavior among gay and bisexual methamphetamine addicts. Treatment produced immediate, three-fold reductions in both methamphetamine use and risky sexual behavior.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has launched a new web site to increase the use of voluntary consensus standards in federal regulations. The site offers a broad perspective on government standards, featuring a searchable database and links to 12 federal departments' standards information.
Researchers at Yale University have identified a common gene variant associated with age-related macular degeneration in Caucasian patients. The variant, found on chromosome 1, is linked to the complement factor H (CFH) gene and affects individuals over 60 years old.
Researchers found that anti-microbial agents were most effective in reducing bacteria, while physical removal with soap and water was best for removing viruses from hands. Waterless handwipes only removed 50% of bacteria, highlighting the importance of traditional hand washing.
Researchers created tumor-specific immune cells that were insensitive to TGF-beta, a powerful substance that helps cancer cells evade the immune system. These cells were able to infiltrate and destroy tumors effectively, while preventing autoimmune disease, offering new hope for treating advanced prostate cancer.
A study by D.N. Tatakis and colleagues found that individuals with lip piercings had significantly more gum recession compared to those without piercings, with an average depth of double the control group. Increased time of wear was also linked to a higher prevalence of gum recession in pierced individuals.
Research found that enriched mice had lower levels of b-amyloid peptides, which form toxic brain tangles in Alzheimer's disease. The enrichment act as a protective factor, keeping peptide levels low before they can aggregate and cause problems.
The production of sub-standard and fake drugs is a vast and under-reported problem that causes unnecessary deaths and illnesses. The authors argue that a multifaceted approach is needed to control the global epidemic of counterfeit and substandard drugs, including mandatory reporting by drug companies and governments.
Scientists have discovered that microRNA works in conjunction with multiple proteins to target messenger RNA, regulating genetic expression. This discovery sheds light on the stability and degradation of mRNA, a crucial process in controlling gene expression and preventing diseases like cancer and septic shock.
A study found that most patients would be interested in learning aggregate results of trials they participated in, regardless of future care impact. Participants who received results by mail were generally comfortable with this method, and 90% were glad to have been offered the results.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine identified a biochemical target that could lead to a new class of antibiotics to fight TB. They found that inhibiting an enzyme in a common biochemical pathway can stop the bacteria from multiplying and eventually kill them.
A randomized trial found that a brief psychological intervention for violent offenders had no impact on reducing alcohol consumption or re-offending rates. However, the intervention did increase participants' awareness of and motivation to address their alcohol-related issues.
A recent study found that eating sug-free traditional yoghurt can decrease volatile sulfide compounds in the mouth by 80% after six weeks. The results also showed lower plaque and gingival indices in yoghurt-eating volunteers compared to non-yoghurt-eating groups with bad breath.
Scientists attribute high frequency of CCR5-Ä32 mutation in Scandinavia and Russia to protection from lethal, viral haemorrhagic fevers that occurred during the Middle Ages. The disease provided selection pressure for the mutation, which explains its highest frequency in these regions today.
Researchers have identified a gene mutation in Complement Factor H as a key factor in the development of age-related macular degeneration. This complex disease affects millions of Americans, with family history being a significant risk factor.
A statewide survey of coaches and students found that 40% of former tobacco users had oral lesions, with smokeless tobacco users at higher risk. Tobacco use is more prevalent among male athletes, particularly Caucasians, and increases from grade 6 to 22.7% by grade 12.
The study examines lessons learned from Africa's first public ARV treatment clinic in Botswana, highlighting the need for consistent care and ongoing training for staff. The clinic has successfully treated thousands of patients, but challenges persist in staffing and infrastructure.
A new tumor-suppressor gene called mats has been discovered by researchers at Penn State, which works with another tumor suppressor to control tissue growth. The study found that the mats gene can shrink tumors in flies and may regulate cell number and tissue growth by restricting cell proliferation.
Researchers at Duke University have identified specific DNA regions in yeast that are prone to breakage, mimicking cancer cells' chromosomal instability. By slowing down DNA replication, they found that certain retrotransposon sites become more susceptible to kink formation and rearrangements.
Research highlights oral health disparities across socio-economic status, race, gender, and age groups. Assessments of oral health, environment, behavior, microbiology, and genes within the family are key to improving access.
Increasing aircraft cabin ventilation can reduce disease transmission in-flight, with proper ventilation removing 63% of airborne organisms. Air travellers should prioritize good hand hygiene to prevent infection risk.
Researchers found that inhibiting SCD1 decreased body fat and prevented obesity and metabolic syndrome in mice. Blocking SCD1 also increased expression of genes involved in energy expenditure, providing insights into its role in metabolism.
A study published in Michigan Medicine found that women are less likely to receive quality heart attack care compared to men, despite experiencing the same mortality benefits. However, when given a one-on-one session with doctors or nurses and signing a discharge contract, women's survival rates improved significantly.
The Cassini Imaging Team report on Titan reveals that the moon's winds blow faster than its surface rotates, with speeds of up to 34 meters per second. The discovery suggests that meteorology works similarly on slowly rotating planets like Venus.
Researchers improved hurricane prediction using high-resolution general circulation models, predicting the course of four storms with increased accuracy. A new study found that solar emissions likely control Jupiter's X-ray emissions, providing a potential proxy for monitoring flares invisible to space weather satellites.
A new study found that emergency use of clopidogrel could reduce the risk of death and repeat heart attacks by up to 10%, without increasing serious bleeds. However, early treatment with metoprolol may increase the risk of cardiac shock, and its benefits tend to cancel out those of clopidogrel.
Researchers from the Forsyth Institute and University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio describe successful experiments in bioengineering mineralized tissues, including periodontal tissues and replacement tooth phenotypes. This breakthrough is supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.
John Corbett, a renowned chemist, has been awarded the Spedding Award for his outstanding contributions to inorganic solid-state chemistry and strong metal-metal bonding. He is the third Ames Laboratory researcher to receive this honor.
Dr. Moore's distinguished career has led to evidence-based frameworks for clinical dentistry, with notable contributions in pediatric sedation guidelines and diabetes research. His work has provided a foundation for optimal pain control and minimal adverse effects in clinical analgesics and anesthetics.
Researchers use microspectrometry to map the unique color patterns of individual gems, revealing differences even among same-type stones. This technique could provide valuable information for gemstone authentication and potential recovery of stolen stones.
A new chemotherapy combination has shown significant improvement in survival rates for brain tumour patients, with almost half of those with an inactivated MGMT gene surviving after 2 years. The treatment also did not negatively impact patients' quality of life, offering a promising breakthrough in glioblastoma treatment.
Dr. Kato's research focuses on practical clinical issues affecting the general public, including tooth-grinding which can cause sensitivity and pain. He is one of 15 recipients to receive the IADR Young Investigator Award annually, recognized for his basic research in dental disciplines.
Dr. Castle's work elucidates the mechanism of secretion from exocrine cells, particularly salivary glands, through analysis of secretory granules and membrane components. His discovery of SCAMPs and demonstration of four pathways of secretion in parotid cells contribute to a deeper understanding of membrane trafficking and exocytosis.
Dr. MacDougall receives the IADR Basic Research in Biological Mineralization Award for her groundbreaking research on tooth formation and tissue-specific gene regulation. Her work has been funded continuously since 1985 by the NIH/NIDCR.
The High-Altitude Particle Experiment Aircraft (HIAPER) is a modified Gulfstream V jet that can fly up to 51,000 feet and cover 7,000 miles. With its advanced capabilities, HIAPER will allow scientists to study atmospheric processes, environmental phenomena, and interactions between oceans and atmosphere.
Researchers at UC Berkeley have discovered three overlapping signals in the embryo that are crucial for proper development of the backbone and belly. By blocking these signals, the team found that tissues form on the back were lost while belly tissues were greatly expanded, leading to a repatterning of the entire embryo.
Dr. Meurman's research on the role of oral infections in medically compromised patients has significant implications for geriatric populations. The 2005 Geriatric Oral Research Award recognizes his contributions to the field, including advancements in molecular biological techniques for detecting oral pathogens.
The IADR Distinguished Service Award was presented to Tom Lehner for outstanding service to the Association. The E.W. Borrow Memorial Award was given to George Stookey for his research on oral health prevention, and several fellowships were awarded to support young researchers in dental sciences.
Researchers have solved the structure of an essential RNA domain in telomerase, a crucial enzyme in cancer cell division. The discovery provides insights into how telomerase works and could lead to targeted drug interventions.
Researchers found that people mentally fill in gaps in familiar music with auditory imagery, and lyrics impact different auditory brain regions when reconstructing musical memories. The study extends previous work on auditory imagery and visual imagery, revealing a kind of auditory imagery typical of everyday experience.
Researchers have discovered evidence of barren ground grizzly bears on Melville Island, a remote area in the western Arctic. The presence of these bears is significant as they are known to prey on polar bear cubs and could potentially disrupt the balance of Arctic ecosystems.
A study examining Thailand's 'war on drugs' found that rural communities had a greater impact than urban centers, with 78% of rural users quitting injecting drugs. Despite the strictness of the policy, 85% of participants believed it was 'good', possibly due to its deterrent effect on others.
Dr. Eliades received the 2005 Wilmer Souder Award for his groundbreaking research on dental biomaterials surface analysis, including spectroscopic and electron optical methods. His work has advanced significant dental health through understanding molecular interactions and conformational changes of collagen with dentin-bonding agents.