Influenza Viruses

Immune system overreaction linked to deadly flu in pregnancy

Study of influenza D in human cells, tissue hints at spillover potential

A new study found that influenza D viruses can vigorously replicate in human cells and lung tissue samples, suggesting a strong potential to spill over to humans. Researchers also detected antibodies against Influenza D in people who work with cattle, but no active human infection has been discovered to date.

Researchers develop promising new vaccine against H5N1 bird flu

Researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln have developed a promising new vaccine approach against highly pathogenic bird flu (H5N1) that demonstrates strong efficacy in both mice and dairy cattle. The vaccine platform protects against multiple H5N1 strains and generates immunity in both the bloodstream and respiratory tract.

Immune cells in the nose slow influenza virus

Researchers found memory cells in nasal tissue can reactivate to fight influenza, reducing viral replication and protection against more severe illness. These immune cells can be used to develop better nasal vaccines.

Plastic texturing kills viruses when they land

Researchers developed a thin plastic film with ultra-fine structures that tear apart viruses on contact, killing them through mechanical force. The film offers a scalable and practical alternative to existing antiviral coatings.

Study reveals new way to strengthen immunity against the flu

Researchers developed a new flu vaccine approach targeting specific but distinct regions of the influenza virus protein. This method broadened the immune response, leading to broader protection against various strains. The study's findings have implications for fighting other fast-changing viruses like COVID-19 and RSV.

Novel flu vaccine offers broad protection in mice, study finds

A novel flu vaccine platform uses cell-derived extracellular vesicles to induce cross-protective immunity against influenza virus infections. The vaccine shows promise as an effective mucosal vaccine strategy.

Studying bird flu in the air to protect people, agricultural operations in Michigan and beyond

A $2M USDA grant funds research on bird flu's infectivity in the air, with goals of preventing or mitigating future outbreaks. Nonthermal plasma technology has been shown to deactivate airborne virus particles.

Honoring distinguished career, Robert Webster, Ph.D., elected fellow of AAAS

Robert Webster, Ph.D., a leading expert in influenza research, has been elected as an AAAS Fellow for his contributions to understanding the reservoir and spread of avian influenza. His work has had a direct impact in protecting immunocompromised children at St. Jude and safeguarding children worldwide from pandemic threats.

New $1.9 million grant lets Montana State team deepen understanding of avian flu

Researchers at Montana State University will study how avian flu viruses impact cells in the chicken intestine to better understand their growth, spread, and propagation. The study aims to find alternative strategies to vaccination, as current vaccines have unclear efficacy and can lead to food safety regulations and trade restrictions.

How one flu virus can hamper the immune response to another

A Weill Cornell Medicine study found that prior exposure to one flu strain can weaken children's ability to mount an effective antibody response against a different strain, a phenomenon known as immune imprinting. This can lead to reduced effectiveness of future vaccines and increased risk of severe illness.

Recent pandemic viruses jumped to humans without prior adaptation, UC San Diego study finds

A new UC San Diego study challenges the idea that pandemic viruses require rare adaptations in animals to infect humans. The research found that most zoonotic viruses, including COVID-19, do not show evidence of prior adaptation before emerging in humans.

Mount Sinai scientists uncover link between influenza and heart disease

The study found that a novel subset of white blood cells becomes infected in the lung and produces type 1 interferon, which triggers cardiac damage. A modified mRNA treatment was shown to mitigate cardiac damage while preserving the immune system's protective response. The research offers great promise for developing new therapies to p...

New platform could develop vaccines faster than ever before

The new platform developed by UVA Health scientists can produce vaccines much faster, cheaper, and more easily than traditional approaches. The platform's proof-of-concept demonstrates its ability to produce highly immunogenic vaccines that can be manufactured at extremely low cost.

‘Nudging’ both patients and providers boosts flu vaccine numbers

A new study found that nudging both patients and providers with reminders increased flu vaccine numbers by almost 3,000 more people than expected. The researchers believe this could lead to strategies to boost annual flu vaccination rates.

Gut bacteria protect mice with influenza A from bacterial pneumonia, study finds

Researchers at Georgia State University found that segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) provide marked protection against post-influenza bacterial pneumonia in mice. SFB reprograms alveolar macrophages to resist influenza virus-induced dysfunction, maintaining their defense against respiratory bacterial pathogens.

Influenza A(H3N2) Subclade K Virus – Threat and Response

The Influenza A(H3N2) subclade K virus is a growing concern due to its antigenic variants and reduced vaccine effectiveness. Researchers emphasize the need for swift responses to protect public health.

Influenza clade K viruses prolong the influenza season in Australia and New Zealand

The emergence of A(H3N2) subclade K viruses in Australia and New Zealand extended their influenza seasons, with Australia experiencing a record-breaking season. The viruses were likely imported from the US and accounted for half of Australian viruses and over two-thirds of New Zealand viruses.

Receptors in mammary glands make livestock and humans inviting hosts for avian flu

A study by Iowa State University researchers reveals that avian influenza can infect livestock and humans through their mammary glands, which have high levels of sialic acids. This increases the risk of transmission and potentially more dangerous adaptations emerging.

How can nursing homes protect more patients from infections?

The new guideline recommends full-time infection prevention staff, comprehensive training, and support for all staff, as well as partnerships with hospitals and public health agencies. This guidance aims to reduce the risk of infections in nursing homes, saving lives and money.

Apriori Bio and A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs Announce strategic partnership to advance next generation influenza vaccines

The partnership aims to co-develop and evaluate next-generation self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines targeting seasonal and pandemic influenza. Apriori's Octavia platform will be combined with A*STAR IDL's saRNA delivery technology to develop improved H5 influenza vaccines that anticipate infection in humans.

Some acute and chronic viral infections may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease

Research found acute and chronic viral infections increase risk of heart attacks and strokes, while long-term risks persist for HIV, hepatitis C, and herpes zoster. Vaccination measures, including flu shots, can reduce cardiovascular disease risk by 34%.

Study finds HEPA purifiers alone may not be enough to reduce viral exposure in schools

A study of 200 classrooms found that HEPA purifiers did not significantly reduce respiratory viral exposures, suggesting additional interventions are needed. Maintaining classroom humidity between 40% and 60% may help lower viral exposures and improve comfort for students and teachers.

New monoclonal antibody targets deadly sepsis

Scientists have developed a monoclonal antibody to combat life-threatening inflammatory diseases like sepsis and ARDS. The antibody shows promise in blocking the immune system's hyperactive response and restoring healthy function without unwanted side effects.

Study finds gaps in evidence for air cleaning technologies designed to prevent respiratory infections

A new study found that most air cleaning technologies have not been tested on humans and their potential risks are not yet fully understood. Researchers recommend choosing technologies independently tested in real-world environments to reduce illness in homes, schools, or workplaces.

Study of water bodies frequented by wild birds reveals presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in nine in 10 samples

A UK study monitored antimicrobial resistance and influenza viruses in water bodies frequented by wild birds, finding widespread AMR genes in 92% of samples. Influenza virus was detected in just 3.4% of samples, highlighting the need for more sensitive detection methods.

Ultra-selective aptamers give viruses a taste of their own medicine

Researchers at EPFL have created ultra-selective aptamers that target specific binding sites on viral spike proteins with unprecedented precision. These multivalent binders show stronger and more selective binding affinities than traditional monovalent binders, making them promising for biomedical diagnostics and therapeutics.

Claudin-11 plays a pivotal role in the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of influenza A virus

A study reveals claudin-11 facilitates depolymerization of F-actin, promoting maturation of influenza virus-containing clathrin-coated vehicles. Claudin-11 silencing leads to increased survival rate in infected mice.

Nebraska-developed vaccine protects against swine, human and bird flu

The new Epigraph vaccine developed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln virologist Eric Weaver protects against H1N1 swine flu and can also protect against influenza in humans and birds. The vaccine significantly outperformed commercial vaccines, providing protection for up to a decade.

Engineering an antibody against flu with sticky staying power

Scientists have engineered a monoclonal antibody that protects mice from a lethal dose of influenza A with sticky staying power. The new molecule combines specificity and broad binding capacity, adhering to the lung lining and blocking infection in mice.

Bird flu study points to risk of another pandemic

A major global review of bird flu in cats found 607 cases, including 302 deaths, from 18 countries and 12 cat species. The virus is highly infectious and can spread through direct contact with infected birds or other mammals, leading to severe symptoms like brain swelling.

Viruses under the super microscope: How influenza viruses communicate with cells

Scientists have developed a universal protocol to investigate how viruses interact with host cells, revealing a cascade of cellular reactions triggered by contact between the virus and cell surface. This breakthrough provides insights into the biology of influenza viruses and identifies potential targets for antiviral therapies.

Influenza virus hacks cell's internal system

Researchers at the University of Gothenburg discovered that the influenza A virus exploits a protein called AGO2 to regulate gene activity and weaken the immune system. An existing drug, arsenic trioxide, showed promise in increasing interferon production and reducing viral loads.

HKUMed’s global collaborative study finds single-dose baloxavir reduces household influenza transmission

A landmark study found that a single oral dose of baloxavir marboxil significantly reduces influenza transmission within households. Conducted across 15 countries, the CENTERSTONE trial provides robust evidence for an antiviral treatment's potential to curb the spread of influenza.

CDC taps Texas A&M School of Public Health to assess avian flu among dairy farm workers

The CDC has awarded a $3 million grant to the Texas A&M School of Public Health to investigate avian flu among dairy farm workers in Texas. The team, led by Dr. David Douphrate, aims to identify the scope of exposure and workplace factors involved in transmission.

Americans don’t think bird flu is a threat, study suggests

A recent study suggests that many Americans are unaware of simple food safety practices that can reduce the risk of bird flu infection. The survey found that over half of respondents did not know to pasteurize milk and more than a quarter expressed reluctance to take a potential vaccine.

Study: Experimental bird flu vaccine excels in animal models

A new vaccine platform developed at the University at Buffalo has demonstrated complete protection in mice against a deadly variant of bird flu. The vaccine, which combines key proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, shows promise as a versatile and easy-to-produce vaccine that could be effective against evolving bird flu strains.

Deadly rodent-borne hantavirus is an emerging disease with pandemic potential

Researchers identified three hotspots of hantavirus circulation in wildlife, including Virginia, Colorado, and Texas. The study found 15 rodent species as carriers, including six new hosts, and explored the impact of climate change on transmission.

An antiviral chewing gum to reduce influenza and herpes simplex virus transmission

Researchers developed an antiviral chewing gum containing a natural protein that neutralizes viral loads of influenza A strains and two herpes simplex viruses. The gum, made from lablab beans, was found to be safe and effective in reducing viral loads by over 95%.

‘It's a shot, not a vaccine like MMR’: New skepticism prompts call for action

Researchers at Lancaster University discovered a new type of vaccine-specific scepticism, where some people perceive COVID-19 vaccines as 'not a vaccine' compared to MMR. This phenomenon may also apply to the flu vaccine, highlighting the need for clear public health messaging.

Canada slowest in reporting bird flu at 618 days – but COVID shows we can do better

A new study finds that Canada is the slowest country to report genetic information about bird flu, with an average time of 618 days. However, the same researchers note that Canada was able to improve its response to COVID-19, highlighting the need for similar urgency in addressing this public health threat.

Decoys for misguided antibodies restore antiviral immune defense

Scientists from the University of Zurich created decoy molecules that bind to autoantibodies, preventing them from inhibiting type I interferons. This restoration restores antiviral effect on viruses like influenza, offering hope for treatment and reducing viral disease susceptibility.

Current antivirals likely less effective against severe infection caused by bird flu virus in cows’ milk

Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that frequently used flu antivirals do not work well against the H5N1 avian influenza virus in cows' milk. The study showed that reducing infection risk through methods like avoiding raw milk and minimizing dairy farm workers' exposures may be more effective interventions.

With bird flu in raw milk, many in U.S. still do not know risks of consuming it

Consuming raw milk and its products increases the risk of foodborne illness, including from Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have detected H5N1 bird flu in raw milk, posing a risk to human health.

CeSPIACE: A broad-spectrum peptide inhibitor against variable SARS-CoV-2 spikes

Researchers developed CeSPIACE, a 39-amino-acid peptide drug candidate that binds to the spike protein, blocking viral entry. It demonstrates strong binding to major SARS-CoV-2 variants and shows efficacy against multiple strains in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Older adults might be more resistant to bird flu infections than children, Penn research finds

Researchers found that older adults exposed to seasonal flu viruses before 1968 have higher antibodies against the H5N1 avian flu virus. In contrast, young children who were not exposed had low levels of antibodies that could fight H5N1. The study suggests that younger adults and children would benefit more from H5N1 vaccinations.

COVID-19 discovery opens door to new treatments for chronic lung problems

Researchers have discovered how severe COVID-19 can destroy immune cells' ability to repair the lungs, leading to lingering effects of long COVID. By enhancing damaged organelles using a FDA-approved drug, they found improved lung healing and reduced inflammation.

Eradivir announces Phase 2 human challenge study of EV25 in healthy adults infected with influenza

Eradivir's EV25 is a small molecule immunotherapy biotech company developing treatments for influenza. The Phase 2 challenge study will gather safety and efficacy data from healthy participants infected with influenza.

An aerosol test for airborne bird flu

Researchers developed a prototype sensor that detects H5N1 viruses in air samples, detecting the virus at levels below an infectious dose. The sensor produced results within 5 minutes and showed over 90% accuracy compared to traditional methods, offering promise for noninvasive air monitoring.

COVID-flu vaccine could provide broad, lasting protection

Researchers developed a new vaccine platform that provides robust, long-lasting protection against multiple flu strains and COVID-19. The vaccine boasts 100% survival rates in vaccinated mice following challenge with either virus.

Influenza vaccine offers moderate protection against influenza A virus strains dominant in most European countries during the 2024/2024 season, according to early estimates

The influenza vaccine provided moderate protection against influenza A strains, but strong protection against influenza B. The vaccine was most effective in preventing severe disease among children and adolescents, with a high effectiveness rate.

Immunity against seasonal H1N1 flu reduces bird flu severity in ferrets, study suggests

A study suggests that pre-existing immunity against seasonal H1N1 flu can reduce the severity of bird flu in ferrets. In the study, ferrets with prior H1N1 immunity were protected against severe disease and death caused by H5N1 bird flu, whereas those without prior immunity had more severe illness and fatal outcomes.

Could microRNAs help us understand why different birds react differently to being infected with bird flu?

A recent study found that different birds react differently to being infected with bird flu, and microRNAs may play a key role in this variation. The researchers analyzed blood samples from ruddy turnstones and found 163 different forms of microRNA, including two unique to birds.

New discovery could help protect against influenza

A preclinical trial has uncovered how beta-glucan can 'reprogram' immune cells to prevent lung inflammation and reduce the risk of illness and death from influenza. The study's findings highlight beta-glucan as a promising therapy for influenza and other emerging viral pathogens.

From Spanish flu to today: how immune cells keep up with a changing virus

Researchers discovered immune cells that can recognise influenza (flu) viruses even as they mutate, providing a potential solution to the annual updates of flu vaccines. The study found that certain T cells, which play a critical role in fighting infections, can detect multiple flu strains, even those that have evolved over a century.

Influenza A viruses adapt shape in response to environmental pressures

Influenza A virus particles can change shape from spheres to larger filaments to favor infection efficiency, according to a new NIH study. The researchers developed a method to observe real-time structure formation and found that filament shape requires more energy, helping the virus evade immune responses.

Antibody treatment prevents severe bird flu in monkeys

A broadly neutralizing antibody has been shown to protect monkeys against severe H5N1 avian flu disease. The antibody's stable structure ensures it can withstand virus variants, providing universal protection against a globally spreading airborne infection. Serum levels of the antibody remained stable for up to 12 weeks.

Four advances for inactivating infectious viruses, bacteria

Researchers have discovered novel antiviral compounds from Antarctic fungus and developed effective methods to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 virus using UV-C light and ozone gas. Additionally, bleach and ethanol solutions have been found to remove over 99% of mpox virus, while a new class of quaternary phosphonium compounds has been identified...

Severity and long-term mortality of COVID-19, influenza, and RSV

A cohort study found COVID-19 to be associated with more severe disease outcomes compared to influenza and RSV during the 2022-2023 season. Vaccination attenuated these differences in severity and long-term mortality rates.

Researchers discover how cigarette smoke impairs critical lung immune cells

Researchers discover how cigarette smoke alters the function of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a key type of immune cell in the lungs. This impairment increases susceptibility to respiratory infections and worsens chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).