Providencia rustigianii has virulence gene akin to Salmonella’s
Providencia rustigianii carries a type III secretion system and cytolethal distending toxin virulence gene, increasing its pathogenicity, similar to Salmonella.
Pathogens
Articles tagged with Pathogens
Novel app tracks travel-related illnesses
A new app has tracked travel-related illnesses globally, showing that travelers experience health issues more often than expected. The Illness Tracking in Travellers (ITIT) app recorded gastrointestinal symptoms most frequently among Asian travelers and respiratory diseases in Europe.
Houston Methodist prepares for next pandemic as part of national NIH-funded consortium
Scientists at Houston Methodist will focus on developing efficacious vaccines and therapeutic antibodies for viruses in the Nairoviridae, Hantaviridae, and Paramyxoviridae families. The goal is to prepare for potential outbreaks and develop effective medical countermeasures in response to a next pandemic.
Improved epidemic monitoring via sewage
A new study from European universities has developed a method to analyze wastewater data from seven major cities, identifying thousands of disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and antimicrobial resistance. This approach can detect potential health threats simultaneously, potentially preventing epidemics from escalating into outbreaks.
Albert Einstein College of Medicine receives major federal grant to help lead national effort for pandemic preparedness
The Einstein-led PROVIDENT consortium will conduct four projects to develop countermeasures against a wide range of emerging viruses, with a focus on three virus families: nairoviruses, hantaviruses, and paramyxoviruses. The grant aims to quickly respond to emerging viruses with existing research and tools.
Prestigious NSF award to advance UK research to track emerging pathogens
The University of Kentucky has been awarded a six-year, $18 million NSF grant to establish the NSF ESCAPE center for assessing pathogen emergence. The center will focus on environmental surveillance using social science, engineering, bioinformatics, and risk modeling to predict and prevent pandemics.
New vaccine created by Mizzou researchers protects cattle from deadly tick-borne disease
A new vaccine created by Mizzou researchers protects cattle from bovine anaplasmosis, a devastating tick-borne disease causing hundreds of millions of dollars in economic losses. The vaccine has been proven to give immunized cattle protection for at least a month and is being discussed with industry partners for future distribution.
New compound shows great potential for patients with neutrophil-associated inflammation
A newly developed compound, MOD06051, targets neutrophils and reduces harmful inflammation in rat models. This approach differs from current treatments that may have broader immunosuppressive effects, offering a safer alternative.
Microscopic packets could deliver diabetes-preventing therapeutics
Texas A&M researchers are investigating the use of extracellular vesicles to deliver immune-suppressing proteins, potentially reducing the immune system's attack on insulin-producing beta-cells. The goal is to develop a novel treatment for type 1 diabetes, which currently has only lifelong insulin therapy as an approved option.
Medical issues experienced by women and children after returning from Hamas captivity
A new study published in Acta Paediatrica reports on the physical and psychological state of 19 children and 7 women who were released from Hamas captivity. The returnees suffered from various health complications, including gastrointestinal pathogens and infectious diseases, as well as trauma and poor hygiene-related issues.
Ancient DNA analyses imply brucellosis evolved with development of farming
Researchers analyzed ancient DNA from an 8,000-year-old sheep bone and found evidence of Brucella melitensis, a pathogen causing significant harm to livestock. The study suggests that brucellosis evolved around the same time as farming development, with early farmers creating conditions for pathogen host-jumping.
Prenatal Zika infection has long-term immune consequences in children, even without microcephaly
A Cleveland Clinic-led study found that maternal Zika virus infections can reprogram fetal immune development, leading to long-term consequences in children's immunity. The changes occur even in children born without physical or neurological symptoms of congenital Zika syndrome, suggesting a broader impact.
New Surgical Infection Society guidelines on the management of intra-abdominal infection
The new guidelines from the Surgical Infection Society offer updated recommendations for antimicrobial agent selection, source control, and treatment of specific pathogens. These evidence-based guidelines aim to improve clinical outcomes and reduce mortality rates from intra-abdominal infections globally.
SourceMary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News·JournalSurgical Infections·TypeSystematic review·DateJul 18, 2024
Bartonella and babesia co-infection detected in patients with chronic illness
A pilot study found evidence of human co-infections with Bartonella and Babesia odocoilei in six out of seven patients with chronic, non-specific illness. The discovery could lead to better diagnoses and treatments for patients with these infections.
SourceNorth Carolina State University·JournalParasites & Vectors·TypeObservational study·DateJul 16, 2024
A new tuberculosis vaccine candidate recombinant protein with additional post-translational modifications occurring in Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells
Researchers have identified a new tuberculosis vaccine candidate recombinant protein MDP1 with additional post-translational modifications occurring in Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells. When expressed in M. smegmatis, MDP1 triggered notably higher levels of IFN-gamma production compared to E. coli-expressed variant.
Epstein-Barr Virus and brain cross-reactivity: possible mechanism for Multiple Sclerosis
Researchers investigate Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis connection, discovering cross-reactivity between viral proteins and brain proteins. The study suggests that differences in immune cell function may explain why some people develop MS after EBV infection.
Mistaken identity cleared up of foodborne pathogen causing severe symptoms in children
A novel real-time PCR method has been developed to detect and identify the emerging zoonotic foodborne pathogen E. albertii, which is often misidentified as E. coli. The study found that E. albertii can survive in the human intestinal tract for approximately four weeks.
Sewage overflows linked to increase in gastrointestinal illnesses
A new BU study links sewage overflows to increased risk of acute gastrointestinal illnesses in downstream communities. Residents are at a 62% higher risk of developing AGI within four days after large-volume combined sewer overflows, regardless of drinking water source.
SourceBoston University School of Public Health·JournalEnvironmental Health Perspectives·TypeObservational study·DateMay 22, 2024
US public health preparedness and response to highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses
Public health authorities in nearly all US states and territories have the ability to monitor and test persons exposed to H5N1 virus. Despite this, jurisdictions vary in their preparedness plans, antiviral use recommendations, and potential vaccine deployment among first responders.
Seeking medical insights in the physics of mucus
Researchers developed a system to grow mucus-producing intestinal cells for in vitro testing, allowing for the exploration of mucus behavior under different conditions. The platform simulates infections and tests drug effects on mucus without affecting its properties.
Ready and vigilant: immune cells on standby
A team of researchers found that immune cells maintain their alertness through the JAK-STAT signalling pathway when there is no immediate threat. This discovery could lead to new approaches for enhancing the immune system's attention and preventing autoimmune diseases.
SourceCeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences·JournalNature Immunology·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateApr 24, 2024
Livestock abortion surveillance could protect livelihoods and detect emerging global pathogens
A small-scale livestock abortion surveillance system in Tanzania revealed insights into potential infectious diseases and their transmission to humans. The study demonstrated the feasibility of such systems in rural areas, highlighting the importance of timely reporting and effective data collection.
The enemy within: How pathogens spread unrecognized in the body
Bacteria like Burkholderia pseudomallei use a unique tactic to spread in the body by residing inside human cells. They employ a nano-sized speargun called type VI secretion system (T6SS) to move from cell to cell without being detected by the immune system.
Silver-based micromotors that eliminate bacteria moving freely in aqueous media
Researchers have developed microscopic crystals that activate in the presence of light, releasing silver ions with antimicrobial activity. These silver-based micromotors move autonomously through photocatalysis, killing bacteria and providing a promising tool for environmental recovery.
SourceInstitute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)·JournalAdvanced Optical Materials·TypeExperimental study·DateApr 17, 2024
Stella Self to develop new ways to monitor spread of vector-borne diseases
Stella Self and her team will reduce costs and improve accuracy in vector-borne disease surveillance by employing multiple surveillance strategies, including active and passive approaches.
Blueprint for mandating indoor air quality for public buildings in form of standards
The experts recommend setting standards for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, PM2.5, and ventilation rate to ensure adequate indoor air quality in public spaces. A CO2 concentration level of 800ppm is proposed with a focus on removing and diluting human-emitted pollutants.
USF study: Sea urchin killer spreads to new species, region
A microscopic pathogen found in the Caribbean is causing a devastating die-off of long-spined sea urchin populations and threatening coral reefs worldwide. The USF study reveals the same parasite, identified last year, has spread to new species in the Sea of Oman, putting global sea urchin populations at risk.
Experts warn climate change will fuel spread of infectious diseases
The study highlights the emergence and spread of harmful pathogens due to climate change. The medical community must update their education and training to combat global warming and its impact on disease behavior.
Study examines medical mystery of child hepatitis outbreak
A University of Sydney study sheds light on the 2022 child hepatitis outbreak, finding that 'helper virus' infections were likely the cause. The study reveals that over 3,000 cases were reported globally, with six percent requiring liver transplants.
HZDR team develops a new approach for fast and cost-effective pathogen detection
A research team at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf develops a new approach for fast and cost-effective pathogen detection using miniaturized biosensor devices and systems. The system can simultaneously carry out up to thirty-two analyses of one sample, offering significant advantages over traditional electronic FET-based biosensors.
Single-celled kamikazes spearhead bacterial infection
Research reveals that a small subset of bacterial cells produces deadly toxins while sacrificing themselves for the benefit of their comrades. The bacteria use a temperature-sensitive genetic switch to synchronize toxin production with cell enlargement, ensuring an efficient strategy for infection.
SourceMax Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology·JournalNature Microbiology·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 19, 2024
Remodeling the immune system to fight tuberculosis
A team of researchers from UMass Amherst and Seattle Children's Research Institute found that prior exposure to certain bacteria changes the lung's innate immune response, making it more vulnerable to tuberculosis. The study suggests that remodeling the innate immune system could be a more effective strategy in fighting TB.
Researchers at UMass Amherst shed light on how tumor cells outwit the body’s immune system
Researchers at UMass Amherst have discovered that tumor cells outwit the body's immune system by incorporating cytoplasmic material into their own T cells. This 'mosquito effect' helps cancerous tumors evade the immune system, making it a promising area of study for developing more effective treatments.
Evolution of tuberculosis – in new light
Recent studies published in the Tuberculosis journal reveal the earliest confirmed presence of tuberculosis' causative agents in human remains, pushing the timeline back by tens of thousands of years. Researchers have also discovered evidence of TB infection in Neanderthal specimens from Hungary, dating back over 32,000 years.
More than skin-deep
A team of Kyoto University researchers found that macrophages produce granulomas through a hyperactive metabolic pathway called the pentose phosphate pathway. Inhibition of this pathway showed therapeutic efficacy in reducing granuloma formation in vitro and in mouse tissue models.
SourceKyoto University·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 6, 2023
Vampire bats make northward flight seeking stable climates
Researchers predict that vampire bats will expand their locations in search of more stable climates, potentially linked to a spillover of rabies. The team's work aims to identify and track the bats by traveling to Colombia to contain the spread.
TTUHSC’s La-Beck to study cancer drug delivery via nanoparticles
Researchers investigate nanoparticles for cancer treatment, hoping to reduce side effects and improve efficacy. La-Beck's lab aims to understand the body's interaction with nanoparticles and their impact on tumor growth and immune responses.
Arkansas leads $3.57 million national effort to improve disease resistance in spinach
A team of scientists led by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture has been awarded a $3.57 million grant to develop spinach cultivars resistant to fungal pathogens. The project aims to expedite breeding for disease resistance, reducing fungicide use and supporting sustainable spinach production.
Severe respiratory disease among children with and without medical complexity during the pandemic
A study of 139,000 Canadian children found a substantial decrease in severe respiratory disease hospitalizations and ICU admissions during the first two years of the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic periods. This suggests that public health interventions may be warranted for future evaluations of respiratory illness.
An exotic tick that can kill cattle is spreading across Ohio
Asian longhorned ticks, originating from East Asia, have been detected in Ohio, with over 1 million estimated in a single pasture. Researchers stress the need for early detection and targeted control measures to manage these persistent pests.
Research examines why mask usage in Japan persists
Research out of Osaka University reveals that many Japanese people continue to wear masks for socio-psychological reasons, including relief and norm. The study found correlations between mask usage motivations and actual mask usage before and after the government downgraded COVID-19's legal status.
SourceOsaka University·JournalInternational Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction·TypeObservational study·DateNov 2, 2023
‘Lab on a chip’ genetic test device can identify viruses within three minutes with top-level accuracy
The LoCKAmp device uses lab-on-a-chip technology to detect Covid-19 and other pathogens in just three minutes, providing rapid and accurate results. The device has the potential to be used in remote healthcare settings and could also detect conditions like cancer.
Cumming Global Centre for Pandemic Therapeutics launches Foundation Grants open globally
The Cumming Global Centre for Pandemic Therapeutics is offering global grants of up to $200,000 per annum for three years to develop novel therapeutics for pathogens of pandemic potential. Researchers are invited to submit expressions of interest for Round Two of the Foundation Grants program.
How to slow the spread of deadly ‘superbugs’
A new Australian study suggests harnessing genomic surveillance technology can detect the rise of deadly 'superbugs', slowing their evolution and spread to improve global health outcomes. The study highlights the need for a multifaceted 'One Health' approach to surveillance, with practical recommendations for implementation.
SourceUniversity of Technology Sydney·JournalNature Reviews Genetics·TypeSystematic review·DateOct 23, 2023
Killer smile? An oral pathogen increases heart attack damage
Researchers found that Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion, worsening cardiac remodeling and causing cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction. The study suggests that treating this oral infection could help prevent fatal heart attacks.
SourceTokyo Medical and Dental University·JournalInternational Journal of Oral Science·DateOct 19, 2023
Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii and Candida auris in patients receiving mechanical ventilation
A study found that Acinetobacter baumannii and Candida auris were common among patients receiving mechanical ventilation, particularly in long-term care facilities. These pathogens pose a significant risk to this vulnerable population, highlighting the need for targeted surveillance and prevention efforts.
New research unveils intricate mechanism behind immune system’s ability to differentiate between self and non-self antigens
A groundbreaking study sheds light on the intricate mechanism behind the immune system's ability to differentiate between self and non-self antigens. Continuous activation of self-reactive T cells is essential for maintaining equilibrium and self-tolerance through regulatory T cells.
SourceUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)·JournalTrends in Immunology·DateOct 11, 2023
Nanoparticle vaccine candidate shows promise against emerging tick-borne virus in early studies
Researchers at Cleveland Clinic have developed a potential vaccine candidate against Dabie Bandavirus using nanoparticles, which can deliver antigens at a lower dose with fewer side effects. The vaccine has shown promise in pre-clinical studies and could provide protection to adults over 50, who are most vulnerable to the virus.
During failure of core protein quality control in the nematode C. elegans, a specialized anti-aggregation mechanism relying on pathogen response factors and lysosomal mediated degradation is triggered
In C. elegans, a specialized anti-aggregation mechanism is triggered in response to core protein quality control failure, promoting tissue-specific resilience to age-dependent protein aggregation. This mechanism relies on pathogen response factors and lysosomal mediated degradation.
New approach to fighting malaria
Scientists have identified specific long noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and life cycle progression of the deadly Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite. The discovery could lead to new therapeutic strategies against malaria.
SourceUniversity of California - Riverside·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 28, 2023
UV disinfection in the treatment management of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants
Researchers investigated the inactivation efficacy of different UV wavelengths against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants, finding similar inactivation properties across various wavelengths. The study highlights the potential of far-UVC light as a safe germicidal option for mitigating airborne virus transmission.
Prestigious support for new concepts in RNA research
Researchers investigate how bacteria modify host RNA using effector proteins to ensure their survival, a process previously unknown in eukaryotes. The team aims to decipher the mechanisms behind this process and its benefits for the bacteria.
How the immune system can alter our behavior
Researchers at Yale University have discovered that the immune system plays a crucial role in changing behavior in response to allergens and toxins. By manipulating immune system variables, scientists were able to alter the behavior of sensitized mice, demonstrating the importance of immune recognition in controlling defensive behaviors.
Zoonotic researcher receives ORAU Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Award
Assistant Professor Daniel Becker of the University of Oklahoma has received a $10,000 grant to enhance his research on bat migration and its potential impact on human and wildlife health. The award supports his work on implanting microchips in Mexican free-tailed bats to monitor their migratory patterns.
Researchers discover drug-resistant, often deadly pathogen living in dogs’ ears, creating concern it may jump to humans
Scientists have discovered the first live culture of Candida auris in dogs, a drug-resistant pathogen that can cause severe infections. The finding suggests pets could act as reservoirs for superbugs, potentially transmitting infections to humans.
Are viruses keeping sea lice at bay in wild salmon?
Researchers have identified over 30 previously unknown RNA viruses in sea lice, suggesting they may play a role in controlling sea-lice populations. The viruses' ability to rapidly replicate and weaken their hosts maintains balance in nature.
Drug-resistant fungi are thriving in even the most remote regions of Earth
A recent study found that seven per cent of Aspergillus fumigatus samples from the Three Parallel Rivers region in Yunnan, China were drug resistant, capable of propagating quickly and taking over local populations.
When it comes to COVID-19, belly fat upsets the apple cart
Researchers from Tokyo Medical and Dental University found that apple-shaped obesity is associated with cytokine storm and a higher risk of death in COVID-19 patients. The study suggests that obese patients with excess belly fat may benefit from anti-inflammatory therapies, including IL-6 blockers.
SourceTokyo Medical and Dental University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJun 20, 2023
Study develops primer scheme for human monkeypox virus that can be plugged into currently existing amplicon-based sequencing and bioinformatics infrastructure
Researchers developed a primer scheme for the human monkeypox virus that can be easily integrated into existing sequencing and bioinformatics infrastructure. This approach enables public health laboratories to rapidly adapt their genomic workflows in response to new outbreaks.
Penn Dental Medicine collaboration identifies new bacterial species involved in tooth decay
Researchers from Penn Dental Medicine and UNC identify a key role for Selenomonas sputigena in causing tooth decay, particularly when partnered with Streptococcus mutans. The bacteria form protective biofilms that lead to acid production and cavity formation.
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania·JournalNature Communications·TypeObservational study·DateJun 8, 2023