Articles tagged with Cancer Genetics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Sharing personal genetic information online raises ethical questions about privacy and consent. Stanford researchers say we need more data on who's giving out information and how it's being used to fully understand its implications.
A study published in Nature Genetics found that men with two copies of the KITLG gene have a 4.5-fold higher risk of testicular cancer, while those with two copies of the SPRY4 gene have a 1.48-fold higher risk. The discovery sheds light on genetic factors contributing to the disease and may help identify critical environmental factors.
Researchers propose a new model of cancer development based on the loss of cellular communication due to low vitamin D levels. Vitamin D adequacy may halt the first stage of cancer by re-establishing intercellular junctions, potentially preventing cancer development.
A new tool, developed at North Carolina State University, allows researchers to visually represent DNA sequences and identify minute genetic variations. This enables the detection of genetic patterns that can lead to diseases such as cancer and Huntington's disease.
A new study finds that exposure to particulate matter can reprogram genes associated with tumor suppression, affecting cancer development and outcomes. The changes are detectable after just three days of exposure, raising hopes for early interventions to prevent or reverse gene programming.
A study by Fox Chase Cancer Center found that approximately 17% of individuals were at high-risk, while 70% were at moderate-to-high risk. The researchers emphasize the importance of accurately assessing cancer risk to provide targeted prevention support.
A recent study at Fox Chase Cancer Center found that most parents share their BRCA1/2 test results with their children, with only 9% reporting negative reactions. The age of the child and parent cancer history were key factors in determining whether or not to share the results.
Jindong Chen, a VARI researcher, has been awarded the AACR Scholar-in-Training Award for his presentation on Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome and its relation to kidney tumors. This award recognizes groundbreaking cancer research and is highly competitive among applicants.
Researchers at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center discovered genetic variations in the inflammation pathway that reduce bladder cancer recurrence and increase survival. Patients with risk-reducing genotypes had a 84% lower likelihood of disease recurrence after BCG treatment.
The PhenX toolkit provides a set of standardized measures for research subjects' physical characteristics and environmental exposures. This will allow researchers to compare data from multiple studies, accelerating efforts to understand the complex genetic and environmental factors that cause common diseases. The toolkit contains stand...
Researchers develop method to target genes in Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite responsible for malaria and diarrhea. The breakthrough enables the creation of safe and effective genetically modified vaccines and drug therapies.
Dr. Jonathan Berg received the inaugural Richard King Trainee Award for his publication on microduplications in the 22q11.2 region. The award recognizes the utility of array CGH technology in identifying genomic imbalances and its impact on defining molecular etiology and clinical phenotypes.
Researchers traced a genetic mutation in the Fry family, who arrived in Massachusetts colony in the 1630s, to its impact on colon cancer. Through routine screening and education, individuals with the mutated gene can prevent cancer.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that demethylation, the removal of chemical bonds from cancer-promoting genes, can trigger more than half of all cancers. Demethylating drugs used to treat some cancers may actually cause new cancers as a side effect, warns Dr. Joseph Califano.
A study found that children and siblings of individuals with venous thrombosis have a higher risk of developing the condition. Family history was associated with a more than two-fold increase in risk, even if no known genetic factors were present.
Scientists at Duke University Medical Center have discovered two genetic markers that significantly increase the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in smokers. These variants, located near a nicotine receptor, may be reduced by quitting smoking before COPD symptoms appear.
A study found that genetic variations in DNA repair genes can affect a person's risk of developing Hodgkin disease. Research suggests that differences in these genes could modify the risk of HD, with some individuals being up to four times more likely to develop the disease.
A new strategy to enhance the BCG vaccine's effectiveness has shown superior protection against tuberculosis in a pre-clinical test. By neutralizing the bacteria's evasive mechanisms, researchers have increased the number of TB organisms killed and duration of protection by threefold.
A Special Report in The Lancet Oncology explores the complexities of sharing genetic information with close relatives to prevent breast cancer. Experts weigh the pros and cons of adjusting the law, considering patient confidentiality, personal privacy, and the potential benefits of early interventions.
Researchers discover gene ATOH1 regulates cell specialization, preventing cancer formation in organisms. Reactivating the gene in human colon cancer cells halts tumor growth and induces cell death.
Scientists at Duke University Medical Center and Johns Hopkins University have identified two genes with potential as therapeutic targets for malignant glioma, a deadly class of brain tumors. IDH1 mutations were found in over 70% of astrocytomas and olidgodendrogliomas, associated with longer survival times.
Scientists at Stanford University School of Medicine have devised a new biological marker to monitor mitochondrial disorders, which cause organ failure, seizures, and premature death. The discovery enables researchers to hunt for treatments and helps physicians check patients' status before health crises erupt.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina have found that disrupting the circadian clock can slow the progression of cancer. The study suggests that altering one of four essential 'clock' genes can extend the lives of mice with cancer by 50% by making cancer cells more vulnerable to cell suicide.
Research identifies Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and STAT3 as key players in colitis-associated cancer development. The study suggests that targeting these proteins may be effective in preventing and treating CAC, a serious complication of inflammatory bowel disease.
A comprehensive review of case-control studies links gene polymorphisms in alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes to an increased risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers. Polymorphisms ADH1B and ALDH2 are associated with a higher risk, but data on other variants is insufficient for meta-analysis.
A study found that consumers desire more genetic testing for life-altering conditions such as mental retardation, blindness, and cancer, but are less interested in prenatal testing for traits like superior intelligence or athletic ability. The study suggests that consumers prioritize screening for diseases over enhancements.
Scientists at Emory University School of Medicine have found a way to block the toxic effects of tPA, a life-saving clot-busting drug used in acute stroke treatment. By blocking LRP1, a molecule that transmits inflammation signals triggered by tPA, the researchers were able to soften the drug's impact on the brain.
A study led by Professor Derry Roopenian found that a blocked protein called Interleukin 21 prevents systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in mice. The researchers also demonstrated the importance of IL21 signaling in SLE progression, suggesting that interrupting this process could be an effective therapeutic option for human SLE patients.
Research in Costa Rica found that H. pylori infection, particularly the status of cagA and vacA genotype distribution, plays a major role in gastric cancer incidence rate variability. Gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were more common in patients with high GCIR.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have identified a potential biomarker for predicting colon cancer risk and progression. They found genetic hotspots that regulate gene expression, which could be used to identify individuals at higher risk of developing aggressive colon cancer.
Researchers explore genetic mechanisms of skin color in zebrafish, a model organism for understanding human skin color and race. The studies shed light on the evolution of skin pigmentation and its relationship to environmental factors.
A Florida State University researcher has received a four-year, $1.2 million grant to explore the link between RNA silencing and gene regulation in fighting cancer and diseases. The goal is to understand how to switch off genes causing cancerous tumors and cardiovascular disease.
Two studies examine over 600,000 genetic markers in ADHD patients, finding that multiple genes contribute to the disorder. The findings highlight the need for larger studies to fully understand the genetic mechanisms underlying ADHD and to develop more effective treatments.
Research identified common variants in ABCB1 and ABCC1 genes that increase lung cancer risk. Variants were found more often in patients than controls, particularly in women and younger individuals. These findings may help prevent tobacco-related cancers.
Researchers have identified a novel zebrafish model of Costello syndrome, a developmental disorder caused by mutations in the H-RAS gene. The study reveals that activated H-RAS promotes overabundant cell growth and hallmarks of Costello Syndrome, including heart defects and physical deformities.
Researchers at UCSF Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center have identified a DNA sequence variation on chromosome 15 associated with the level of response to alcohol. This finding could signal the genetic factors that affect alcohol abuse, and may help develop targeted treatments.
UC San Diego researchers have found that analyzing groups of interactive genes can better predict the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. They identified 30 subnetworks of gene expression patterns that separated patients with slow-growing and aggressive forms of the disease.
Researchers at Rutgers University–Camden have identified a complex coding language that allows cells to organize and communicate, enabling the formation of intricate patterns in fruit fly eggs. This breakthrough understanding of genetic patterning has implications for our knowledge of developmental biology and diseases like cancer.
Researchers discovered a greater level of genetic complexity for diseases than thought, focusing on iminoglycinuria and hyperglycinuria disorders. The study found that up to four different pumps in the kidney determine the disorder's occurrence, suggesting a need for integrated complex genetic information.
A study published in JAMA Network found an association between male birth defects and certain genetic mutations, including Klinefelter syndrome and INSL3 receptor gene mutations. The research suggests a higher risk of infertility and testicular cancer in men with cryptorchidism, highlighting the importance of genetic testing.
African-American men and those with a family history of prostate cancer are at higher risk due to genetic factors. Genetic markers associated with increased risk have been found to be more prevalent in these populations, suggesting they may be used for personalized screening recommendations.
A study by Fox Chase Cancer Center researchers reveals that BubR1 protein plays a crucial role in chromosome distribution during mitosis. Mutating this protein may cause genetic shuffling similar to that seen in cancer cells, making it a potential target for cancer treatment enhancement.
A new study by Tel Aviv University and the University of Utah found a significant link between brain cancer and family history. Researchers discovered that a four-fold increase in risk exists for individuals with a family history of brain tumors, highlighting genetic predispositions.
A global initiative aims to collect information on every fault in every gene worldwide, standardizing the reporting of genetic mutations. The project has been published in the journal Science and involves international collaboration between researchers from Australia, China, Japan, and Kuwait.
A study published in Cancer Prevention Research found that variations in a common gene pathway may affect esophageal cancer risk, with seven genotypes showing significant association and four more borderline significance. The risk of esophageal cancer increased with an increase in unfavorable genotypes present.
A University of Minnesota study has identified genetic markers associated with early clinical relapse of multiple myeloma. The research suggests that a patient's genetic background influences their prognosis and response to treatment, paving the way for individualized assessments and personalized therapies.
Researchers at the University of Florida have discovered a way to short-circuit genetic processes that contribute to neuroblastomas. By targeting the ALK gene, they found that certain mutations can be sensitive to a small molecule inhibitor, potentially leading to new drug treatments.
A new approach to genetic testing for cancers in Australia could effectively halve deaths caused by an inherited form of bowel cancer. By testing tumors of young people with cancer, researchers can identify inherited genetic faults and prevent further cases.
A study from Massachusetts General Hospital found that women with vulvar carcinoma and extra copies of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are at increased risk of dying from their cancer. EGFR amplification is associated with poor survival rates, making targeted therapies a promising treatment option.
Researchers found that when a single telomere is lost, it can cause many abnormalities in a cell's chromosomes, leading to cancer. A new treatment route for cancer may be possible by interfering with the process of adding new telomeres.
Two UCSF scientists, Yuriy Kirichok and Miguel Ramalho-Santos, received $1.5 million NIH grants to study molecular mechanisms of cell energy production and stem cell specialization. Their research aims to develop new therapies for age-related diseases and regenerative medicine.
Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine have identified a series of genetic mutations associated with significant risk for cleft palate and other dental abnormalities. The study, published in Genetics in Medicine, analyzed DNA sequences from over 500 individuals and found more than a dozen gene mutations...
Researchers found that computer models underpredicted BRCA mutation frequency in Asian-American women by 50% compared to Caucasian counterparts. This suggests that more women of Asian descent may be at increased risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers than previously believed.
A Stanford study found that computer models used to identify breast cancer mutations in white women were less accurate for Asian women. The researchers sequenced the genes of 200 Asian-American women and compared them to the models' predictions, finding that both programs performed poorly in predicting the presence of mutations. This u...
Yale researchers identified a molecular process in normal tissues that causes RNA molecules to be clipped and stitched together, potentially complicating cancer diagnosis and predicting anti-cancer drug side effects. The discovery suggests that cancers may mimic normal cellular processes, leading to unpredictable toxicities.
Genetic testing has significantly improved the detection of individuals at risk for sudden cardiac death in athletes. This technology enables informed decision-making regarding care and training continuation among athletes. However, its use in asymptomatic genetic carriers with normal phenotypes is a topic of controversy.
A novel multi-arm trial design could test several therapies simultaneously, speeding up cancer drug development. A natural chemical called candidaspongiolide inhibits protein synthesis and kills cancer cells through an unusual biochemical pathway.
A new study found a cancer gene in swordtail fish is conserved due to its role in attracting female mates. The melanoma gene creates an attractive natural marking that lures females, but the population also keeps the prevalence of the gene in check.
A genetic trait linked to a 10-20 percent incidence in colorectal cancer patients significantly increases the risk of developing cancer to 50 percent if inherited, surpassing other known gene mutations.
A study found a link between genetic variation in the CHRNA5 gene, initial smoking experiences, and current smoking habits. Smokers were eight times more likely to report pleasurable first cigarettes, suggesting that genetics may play a role in nicotine addiction.