Articles tagged with Cancer Genetics
Two UCSF scientists, Yuriy Kirichok and Miguel Ramalho-Santos, received $1.5 million NIH grants to study molecular mechanisms of cell energy production and stem cell specialization. Their research aims to develop new therapies for age-related diseases and regenerative medicine.
Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine have identified a series of genetic mutations associated with significant risk for cleft palate and other dental abnormalities. The study, published in Genetics in Medicine, analyzed DNA sequences from over 500 individuals and found more than a dozen gene mutations...
A Stanford study found that computer models used to identify breast cancer mutations in white women were less accurate for Asian women. The researchers sequenced the genes of 200 Asian-American women and compared them to the models' predictions, finding that both programs performed poorly in predicting the presence of mutations. This u...
Researchers found that computer models underpredicted BRCA mutation frequency in Asian-American women by 50% compared to Caucasian counterparts. This suggests that more women of Asian descent may be at increased risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers than previously believed.
Yale researchers identified a molecular process in normal tissues that causes RNA molecules to be clipped and stitched together, potentially complicating cancer diagnosis and predicting anti-cancer drug side effects. The discovery suggests that cancers may mimic normal cellular processes, leading to unpredictable toxicities.
Genetic testing has significantly improved the detection of individuals at risk for sudden cardiac death in athletes. This technology enables informed decision-making regarding care and training continuation among athletes. However, its use in asymptomatic genetic carriers with normal phenotypes is a topic of controversy.
A novel multi-arm trial design could test several therapies simultaneously, speeding up cancer drug development. A natural chemical called candidaspongiolide inhibits protein synthesis and kills cancer cells through an unusual biochemical pathway.
A new study found a cancer gene in swordtail fish is conserved due to its role in attracting female mates. The melanoma gene creates an attractive natural marking that lures females, but the population also keeps the prevalence of the gene in check.
A genetic trait linked to a 10-20 percent incidence in colorectal cancer patients significantly increases the risk of developing cancer to 50 percent if inherited, surpassing other known gene mutations.
A study found a link between genetic variation in the CHRNA5 gene, initial smoking experiences, and current smoking habits. Smokers were eight times more likely to report pleasurable first cigarettes, suggesting that genetics may play a role in nicotine addiction.
Researchers at VCU Massey Cancer Center have developed a gene therapy approach that eliminates human pancreatic cancer cells in mice. The therapy combines perillyl alcohol, a natural compound found in citrus plants, with mda-7/IL-24 cytokine to kill aggressive and lethal cancer cells.
Researchers found that each type of cancer has distinct gene mutations that provide a 'selective advantage', driving tumor formation through evolution. This discovery improves our understanding of how evolution shapes life and lays the groundwork for new cancer treatments.
The W.M. Keck Foundation has announced its 2008 class of Distinguished Young Scholars in Medical Research, recognizing outstanding young scientists making significant contributions to biomedical research. The awardees will receive grants of up to $1 million to support their research activities for five years.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine identified a deadly combination of gene activity in breast and colon cancers, leading to poor patient outcomes. The study found that epigenetic changes contribute to cancer aggressiveness by disrupting normal biochemical pathways.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered that maternal obesity can amplify obesity in successive generations through epigenetic changes. The study found that genetically identical mice on a standard diet gained weight with each generation, while those on a methyl-supplemented diet remained lean.
A new microchip-based device can analyze tumor cells in the bloodstream to identify genetic signatures of dangerous lung cancers, enabling targeted treatment and monitoring. The device detected mutations 92% of the time and showed promise for non-invasive continuous monitoring.
Researchers discover at least one or two additional types of adult stem cells beyond Bmi1-expressing cells, found primarily in the upper third of the intestine. This finding complicates stem cell therapy for diseases such as Parkinson's and heart disease, requiring recognition of organ-specific stem cell complexity.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have developed a new standard of care for children with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) using cord blood and bone marrow transplants. The treatment has shown promising results in improving skin quality and reducing blisters, offering new hope for these patients.
A team of researchers at Thomas Jefferson University and Ohio State University Medical Center has identified a specific gene signature profile associated with metastasis. This signature is composed mainly of overexpressed microRNAs and may represent a new approach for diagnosing metastatic cancer.
A genetic test has shown promise in predicting lung cancer recurrence in early-stage patients. The test uses five high-risk gene signatures to identify patients at highest risk of cancer return, potentially leading to more aggressive treatment.
Researchers discovered that Lake Washington sticklebacks adapted to increased trout predation after water transparency improved, leading to rapid evolution of bony armor. The study found that genetic variation and the Eda gene played key roles in this process.
Researchers pinpointed the protein FANCD2 as slowed production leads to genetic changes triggering lung cancer. Low levels of FANCD2 cause DNA damage and faulty cells committing suicide.
A recent study found that the American Founder Mutation, a common cause of Lynch syndrome, is older and more prevalent than thought. The new research includes 32 additional families and estimates that the mutation is present in 32,150 Americans.
The Landon Foundation-AACR INNOVATOR Award for Cancer Prevention Research supports early career scientists, while the International Collaboration award promotes global cooperation to accelerate progress against cancer. The awards aim to encourage innovative approaches to cancer prevention and treatment.
Biotech companies are developing novel biomarkers to improve cancer diagnostic tests, potentially reducing treatment costs. Researchers at various institutions, including the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Wayne State University School of Medicine, are working on early detection tools for malignancies.
A team of researchers has discovered six new genetic variants associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, bringing the total number of genetic risk factors to 16. The study used combined genetic data from over 70,000 people and provides new clues to the processes that go wrong when diabetes develops.
A new study found that family discussions about cancer history significantly impact knowledge and attitudes about genetic counseling and testing for moderate-risk women. Women who discussed their family's cancer history with relatives had greater knowledge and more positive attitudes towards testing.
A growing body of evidence supports preventive measures for high-risk women, including those with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Primary care physicians should learn about genetics, take a comprehensive personal and family history to advise patients at increased risk.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have discovered that USP22 is crucial for controlling large-scale changes in gene expression in cancer cells. The study reveals that USP22 is necessary for the global changes in gene expression patterns that occur in these cells, making it a potential target for new anti-cancer drugs.
A panel of genetic markers, derived from a study of Swedish men, has been identified as common causes of hereditary prostate cancer. These markers, combined with family history, increase the risk of the disease by nearly nine times, accounting for nearly half of all cases in this population.
Scientists found that a green glow in fruit flies indicates the activation of cancer-prevention signals similar to those in broccoli and cabbage. The discovery uses Drosophila as a model organism to develop novel approaches for studying the NRF2 pathway, which triggers anti-oxidant activity to fight off toxic assaults.
Scientists at the University of Southern California have achieved a 10-fold life span extension in baker's yeast through dietary and genetic changes. The study, published in PLOS Genetics, suggests that calorie restriction and specific gene mutations may hold the key to controlling cell longevity and preventing age-related diseases.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered endothelial progenitor cells that regulate tumor growth and transform dormant lung metastases into life-threatening lesions. Targeting these cells may provide a novel approach to treating lung cancer.
An international team of scientists discovered 480 genes that regulate human cell division and identified over 100 genes with abnormal patterns of activation in cancer cells. These findings provide insights into how cancers develop and potentially lead to new treatments.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center have developed a new saliva test that accurately detects head and neck cancer in 42.9% of patients, ruling out the disease in 81.9% of healthy individuals. The test uses genetic signatures common to the disease and holds promise for screening high-risk populations.
A study at Fox Chase Cancer Center found that men with female relatives testing positive for a BRCA mutation have an increased risk of developing prostate and breast cancer, yet many are unaware of this risk. The study highlights the need for better communication between healthcare providers and male family members about genetic test r...
Researchers identified a variant of the tumor suppressor gene DAB2IP associated with aggressive prostate cancer. A study of nearly 1,000 Swedish men and two independent groups confirmed the link, suggesting this gene plays a role in prostate cancer progression.
A new study found that immigrant patients in the US are less likely to report a family history of cancer, which may impact access to cancer prevention and screening services. The study's findings suggest that immigrants' cultural norms and communication barriers may inhibit reporting of family health histories.
A research team has discovered that the Myc protein can suppress the production of at least 13 microRNAs in cancer cells. Reintroducing these repressed miRNAs into Myc-containing cancer cells suppressed tumor growth in mice, suggesting a potential gene therapy approach for certain cancers.
Research elucidates genetic connection between schizophrenia and cancer, suggesting cells with shared genes respond differently to external stimuli. The findings may lead to new therapeutic strategies for treating both conditions.
Researchers have identified a natural compound, sulforaphane, found in broccoli that may treat a genetic skin disorder called epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS). Sulforaphane has been shown to induce the production of missing keratins in basal epidermis, potentially restoring skin integrity in EBS patients.
Direct-to-consumer genetic testing poses risks of misleading patients and physicians due to lack of regulation. Physicians recommend consulting with doctors before ordering tests, as results may not be clinically valid or accurately interpreted.
Researchers identified two proteins, hnRNP-H1 and SAFB-2, as potential biomarkers for disease screening in African-American men. These proteins are involved in the growth of tumor cells and may play a role in hormone-related prostate cancer progression.
Scientists at Jefferson Medical College have used PET imaging to observe hyperactive breast cancer genes in laboratory animals, marking a breakthrough in detecting and classifying cancer. This technology may help physicians identify breast tumors as early as possible and determine the appropriate treatment.
Researchers at Harvard and Johns Hopkins Universities developed a new paradigm in calculating tumor development, finding that it's driven by mutations in hundreds of genes. The study suggests that individual tumors can be driven by up to 20 mutated genes, leading to better understanding and potential new treatments for cancer.
The International HapMap Project has completed its second phase, tripled the amount of genetic variation assessed and describes up to 95% of common single-letter variations in the human genetic code. This increased density of identified SNPs allows researchers to better understand disease-associated genes and detect rare disease variants.
Researchers found that when co-parents attend genetic counseling sessions with their mothers, they are more informed about testing and communicate better with their children. This increases the mom's gatekeeping role in sharing information, leading to improved child preparedness for inherited cancer risks.
UT Southwestern researchers Dr. Luis Parada and Dr. Thomas Südhof have been elected to the Institute of Medicine for their international distinction in developmental biology and neuroscience. They join a prestigious group of medical scientists shaping public health policies and advising federal governments.
A new study has identified a gene, HMMR, that may increase a woman's risk of breast cancer by more than a third. The research found that HMMR interacts with the well-known breast cancer gene BRCA1, suggesting a potential new pathway for further research.
Researchers have identified a panel of 15 genes that can serve as a biomarker for lung cancer, which may help identify individuals at high risk for the disease. The test, which analyzed gene activity in lung cells, showed a 96% accuracy rate in identifying lung cancer patients.
A leading group of scientists recommends encouraging genetic research in sports for its potential benefits in public health, but warns of ethical concerns, including perceived racism and genetic doping. The report calls for more research and debate about the implications of genetic testing on athletes.
Researchers develop bacteria to deliver anti-cancer treatments by targeting oxygen-starved areas of tumors. The treatment shows effective results in experimental animals, offering a promising alternative to traditional cancer therapies.
A genome-wide association study has identified a genetic variant associated with human height, revealing the first consistent link between genes and height. The HMGA2 gene variation adds about half centimeter in height for one copy and almost full centimeter for two copies.
Researchers developed a new technique that can detect specific chromosomal damage associated with lung cancer, which may indicate an increased risk. The study found significant differences in chromosomal abnormalities between never-smokers and high-risk smokers and patients with lung cancer.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center have identified a genetic signature associated with aggressive melanomas. The study found that certain genes are linked to an aggressive profile, which could be used to predict patient outcomes and develop tailored therapies.
A new study reveals that more than half of parents with a BRCA mutation share their genetic test results with children under 25. Many children experience initial negative reactions and struggle to understand the significance of this information. Further research is needed to address the emotional impact on these families.
Researchers found that when a specific helicase is defective, yeast chromosomes become more prone to exchanging strands during DNA repair, increasing the risk of chromosomal rearrangements. This fundamental insight into DNA-break repair may provide new avenues for understanding early-onset cancer syndromes like Bloom's syndrome.
Dr. Insoo Bae receives $2 million Komen Award to develop novel prevention strategies for women with BRCA1 mutations. His research focuses on identifying environmental carcinogens that increase the risk of breast cancer in genetically predisposed individuals.
Researchers found gene variations in interleukin 1A and 1B to be a major risk factor for lung cancer, particularly among heavy smokers. These variants can lead to an overzealous inflammatory response, causing genetic damage and cancer.
A recent study published in the journal Cell found that the ATM protein plays a crucial role in preventing genetic damage from being passed on to future generations of cells. The protein helps repair double-stranded breaks in DNA and activates checkpoints that prevent damaged cells from dividing.