Enzymatic danse macabre of lung cancer
Researchers discover histone-lysine N-methyltransferase (NSD3) as a main driver of squamous cell carcinoma lung cancer. Targeting NSD3 could improve treatment and survival rates.
Cancer Genetics
Articles tagged with Cancer Genetics
Cancer immunotherapy approach targets common genetic alteration
Researchers developed a new cancer immunotherapy that uses engineered T cells to target a genetic alteration common among all cancers. The approach stimulates an immune response against cells with the loss of one gene copy, called loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and has shown promising results in laboratory studies and mouse models.
Targeted screening for prostate cancer could prevent one in six deaths
A new study suggests that targeted screening for prostate cancer could prevent up to 16% of prostate cancer deaths and reduce overdiagnosis by 27%. The study, led by UCL researchers, recommends screening men with a high genetic risk profile using an MRI scan before biopsy.
A CNIO team discovers how telomere involvement in tumor generation is regulated
The CNIO team found that telomeres respond to external signals inducing cell proliferation and that blocking these signals can interfere with cancer cells becoming immortal. The study identifies telomeres as a key target of the AKT pathway, which plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis.
Research offers insights on how night shift work increases cancer risk
A study found that night shifts disrupt natural rhythms in cancer-related genes, making workers more vulnerable to DNA damage. This can lead to increased cancer risk, and researchers hope to develop prevention strategies and treatment options to address this issue.
New technology enables predictive design of engineered human cells
Researchers developed a design-driven process using computational modeling to identify useful genetic designs for cellular engineering. The approach accelerates the development of new treatments for diseases by enabling the efficient identification and testing of genetic programs.
Genetic variants for skin color in African Americans linked to vitamin D deficiency
Researchers identified three genetic regions associated with skin pigmentation and severe vitamin D deficiency in African Americans. The study's findings have implications for personalized vitamin D supplementation and potential cancer prevention.
Researchers identify gene implicated in neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer
A study by Mayo Clinic researchers has identified USP24 as a frequently missing gene in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma, an aggressive form of childhood cancer. The gene plays a crucial role in protecting cells against errors during cell division and its loss may contribute to the development of aggressive tumors.
Photosynthetic bacteria-based cancer optotheranostics
Scientists at JAIST have created a photosynthetic bacteria-based cancer optotheranostics, using NIR light-driven PPSB as an effective theranostic material for deep tumor treatments. The approach offers high tumor specificity, non-pathogenicity, and multifunctional capabilities without genetic manipulations or chemical functionalizations.
Larger panel finds more gene mutations, treatment targets for leukemia
A new 523-gene panel has been developed to diagnose and treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), identifying more genetic mutations and potential treatment targets. The panel has shown high sensitivity and specificity in detecting AML and has the potential to improve patient outcomes.
New technique identifies important mutations behind Lynch Syndrome
A new technique using deep mutational scanning has identified important mutations in the MSH2 gene associated with Lynch Syndrome, a major cause of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. This approach could improve predictive value of genetic screening for individuals at risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Partners in crime: genetic collaborator may influence severity of the rare disease, NGLY1
A recent study by University of Utah Health researchers has identified a genetic collaborator that influences the severity of the rare disease NGLY1. The gene NKCC1 moderates disease severity, with its interaction with NGLY1 affecting various bodily functions, including tear production and fluid balance.
CNIO participates in a study that defines the most important genes that increase breast cancer risk
A large international consortium has identified nine genes that increase breast cancer risk, which can now be used to personalize follow-up and screening programs. The study analyzed 113,000 samples and confirms the importance of these genes in predicting breast cancer risk.
Dynamic, personalized treatment approach may improve outcomes in gastroesophageal cancers
A phase 2 clinical trial using a personalized treatment approach found increased survival rates among patients with metastatic tumors in gastroesophageal cancers. The study used genetic profiling to tailor treatments, resulting in a 66% one-year survival rate and a median survival time of 15.7 months.
New, simplified genetic test effectively screens for hereditary cancers
Researchers have developed a new integrated genetic/epigenetic DNA-sequencing protocol called MultiMMR that can identify mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in a single test. This alternative to complex testing workflows determines causes of MMR deficiency often missed by current clinical tests.
Major EU project will harness AI and genomics for disease prevention
The INTERVENE project aims to develop novel genome-based disease prediction tools using advanced AI approaches on genomic and health data. The project will test these tools in clinical settings for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and breast cancer.
Weaker skin barrier leads to faster uptake of chemicals
A new study reveals that people with a genetically weakened skin barrier are more susceptible to faster uptake of common chemicals, increasing the risk of skin diseases and cancer. Researchers screened 500 participants in Sweden, finding twice as high doses of pesticides in those with the mutation.
Killing cancer by unleashing the body's own immune system
University of Missouri scientists have discovered a genetically modified strain of salmonella that can target and kill prostate cancer cells, while leaving normal tissue intact. This breakthrough could lead to the development of personalized treatments tailored to individual patients' unique cancer characteristics.
New Canada research chairs foster outstanding research at uOttawa
The University of Ottawa has earned 10 Canada Research Chairs covering various subjects, including stress impacts on brain functions, Indigenous traditional cultural memories, and emerging computing technologies. The chairs will support innovative research approaches to advance knowledge and solve global challenges.
Gene could help predict response to cervical cancer treatment
Researchers at UCLA have discovered a gene called PACS-1 that is overexpressed in cancer tissues, which can lead to cancer growth and spread. Higher levels of PACS-1 expression in the nucleus may indicate resistance to chemotherapy and radiation treatments.
Evolution may be to blame for high risk of advanced cancers in humans
A recent study suggests that a unique human genetic mutation may contribute to the high risk of advanced cancers, with approximately 30% of people still producing dysfunctional Siglec-12 proteins. These individuals are at twice the risk of developing advanced cancer compared to those who cannot produce the protein.
Genetic variants linked to heart health in African American childhood cancer survivors
African American childhood cancer survivors are at a higher risk of developing cardiomyopathy, with genetic variants on chromosomes 15q25.3 and 1p13.2 identified as key factors. The study has implications for long-term follow-up and surveillance of these patients.
New findings speed progress towards affordable gene therapy
Researchers have developed a new method for deploying CRISPR/Cas9 directly into target cells using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) coated with green tea phytochemicals. This approach has the potential to reduce costs and increase safety compared to existing viral methods, which are currently the only approved methods in trial globally.
Trends in positive BRCA test results among older women
The study analyzed national health record data to examine the rate of positive BRCA gene variant tests among older women. Between 2008 and 2018, the trend in positive results varied by age group, with younger women showing a higher increase in positivity.
Genetic predisposition to increased weight is protective for breast and prostate cancer
Research suggests that genetic predisposition to increased weight is causally protective for breast and prostate cancer. Heavier women are less likely to develop breast cancer due to additional differences between groups, while heavier men are less likely to develop prostate cancer, particularly when exposed to carcinogenic substances.
Statins may reduce cancer risk through mechanisms separate to cholesterol
A recent study published in eLife found that statins may lower overall cancer risk by inhibiting HMGCR enzymes, potentially through non-lipid lowering mechanisms. The research used genetic variants from UK Biobank and suggested a possible link between statin therapy and reduced cancer risk.
Addicted to the sun? Research shows it's in your genes
A study of over 260,000 people found that genetics play a key role in sun-seeking behaviour, making it more challenging to address excessive sun exposure. The research identified five genes linked to behavioural traits associated with risk-taking and addiction.
Polycythaemia vera: Determination of individual DNA variants allows for more effective treatment
Researchers have found that specific DNA variants can affect the response to interferon-alpha-based treatments, leading to personalized therapy options. The discovery may improve treatment outcomes for patients with polycythaemia vera, a rare chronic malignant blood disease.
Premature delivery linked to heightened risk of early death for mothers
Researchers found that women who deliver preterm or extremely preterm have a higher risk of dying from any cause, with 1.7-fold and 2.2-fold increased risks compared to full-term deliveries. The excess deaths associated with preterm delivery persist for up to 40 years after birth.
Regulation of cancer stemness by the best combination of nanotech and genetic engineering
Scientists at Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology developed a novel chemotherapeutic agent using nanotechnology and genetic engineering. The agent, called photothermogenetics, targets cancer cells with high potential and effectively regulates cancer stemness.
PARP inhibitor becomes new treatment option for some men with advanced prostate cancer
A targeted therapy called rucaparib has been successfully used to treat men with advanced prostate cancer who have mutated BRCA1/BRCA2 genes. The treatment resulted in a 41% objective response rate and improvements in prostate-specific antigen levels for over half of the patients.
Molecular forces: The surprising stretching behavior of DNA
Scientists at TU Wien have explained DNA's unusual behavior under tension using a unique combination of civil engineering and physics. The study reveals that DNA can twist more than expected when stretched, with significant consequences for biology and medicine.
Difference in a single gene may boost stress on heart from e-cigarettes in people of East Asian descent
Research suggests that a genetic variant common in people of East Asian descent may make them more susceptible to adverse responses to e-cigarettes. The study found that mice with this gene had significantly higher heart rates and increased oxidative stress when exposed to e-cigarette aerosols compared to those without the gene. These ...
Population genetic screening shown to efficiently identify increased risk for inherited disease
A new study shows that community-based genetic screening can identify individuals at increased risk for three common inherited conditions, including Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Lynch Syndrome, and Familial Hypercholesterolemia. The study found that up to 90% of carriers were not previously identified in a clinical setting.
Fine-tuning adoptive cell therapy for advanced cancers
Researchers at UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center identified a phenomenon where some patients' T cells lose expression of transgenic TCR over time, potentially due to DNA methylation. This study aims to inform the design of future cellular immunotherapies and improve treatment outcomes for advanced cancer patients.
Rare mutation of TP53 gene leaves people at higher risk for multiple cancers
Researchers have identified a rare mutation of the TP53 gene that leaves individuals at a higher risk of developing multiple types of cancer over their lifetime. This mutation is most commonly found in the Ashkenazi Jewish population and may confer a lower lifetime risk compared to classic Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
Lung cancer in non-smokers likely to respond differently to treatment
A comprehensive study of lung cancer in non-smokers found that the disease is biologically distinct from smoking-related cases. Genetic changes vary depending on age and sex, with young women showing particular patterns that drive aggressive cancer progression.
New treatment approach uses killer cells to treat deadly brain tumors
Researchers have developed a novel immunotherapy using genetically modified natural killer cells to target and kill cancer cells in glioblastoma multiforme, a highly aggressive brain tumor. The treatment approach has shown high efficiency and is considered safer than other cell-based therapies.
American Cancer Society awards Research Scholar Grant to Brooke Emerling
Brooke Emerling receives a four-year grant to study targeting tumors with p53 gene mutations, which are present in most human cancers. Her research aims to develop new approaches to eliminating cancer as a major health problem.
Susceptibility to carcinogens varies due to genetics
A study led by the University of Hawai?i Cancer Center reveals that genetic mutations can make individuals more susceptible to cancer upon exposure to environmental carcinogens. The research highlights the importance of identifying gene-environment interactions in cancer prevention and early detection strategies.
Aspirin reduces long-term colorectal cancer risk in genetically predisposed individuals
A study published in The Lancet found that aspirin reduces colorectal cancer risk by half in genetically predisposed individuals, with preventive efficacy lasting 10-20 years. The CAPP2 trial showed that daily aspirin doses of 600mg reduced cancer risk compared to placebo.
New recommendations on genetic testing for prostate cancer
Key recommendations from the Philadelphia Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference include performing genetic testing for all men with metastatic prostate cancer and those with a family history of hereditary cancers. Recommended genes for testing include BRCA2, BRCA1, and DNA mismatch repair genes. Genetic testing is also recommended to in...
Cellular stress causes cancer cell chemoresistance
A recent study published in Nature Communications reveals the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) regulon, a comprehensive list of genes activated to promote cell survival under stress. The researchers discovered that changes in one-carbon metabolism, relying on vitamin folate as a cofactor, contribute to chemoresistance in cancer cells.
ASCO 2020: UK-first study shows feasibility of genetic screening for prostate cancer
A UK-first pilot study has shown that genetic screening for prostate cancer can safely identify undiagnosed cases in approximately one-third of otherwise healthy men. The study involved testing for 130 DNA changes and found that population screening was effective at detecting new cancers in this high-risk group.
Pregnancy reprograms breast cells, reducing cancer risk
Researchers found that pregnancy reduces breast cancer risk by reprogramming breast cells to tuck away the potent cancer gene cMYC and keep them in a state of pre-senescence. This protective mechanism may provide new insights into future cancer treatment and help identify risk before tumors develop.
Cancer researchers locate drivers of tumor resistance
Researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio identified key drivers of tumor plasticity, a phenomenon where cancer cells change their behavior to evade treatments. The study found that targeting these genetic signals could increase therapy effectiveness and potentially cure more cancers.
A new epigenetic editing tool is developed to activate silenced genes
A new epigenetic editing tool has been developed to activate silenced genes by removing DNA methylation labels. The tool uses CRISPR and a plant enzyme called ROS1 to guide the removal of these marks, allowing researchers to reactivate silenced genes.
'Unnecessary' genetic complexity: A spanner in the works?
The human genome's complexity hinders personalized medicine by having an immense ability to change and cope with issues, context matters in our genome. Researchers conclude that precision medicine is crucial but must consider the full genomic blueprint including 'unnecessary' elements.
Family history misses identifying individuals with high genetic risk of CVD or cancer
A recent study found that nearly 1% of the population carry genetic variants substantially increasing CVD and cancer risk. However, relying on family history alone may fail to identify high-risk individuals, highlighting the need for broader genetic testing populations.
A step toward a better way to make gene therapies to attack cancer, genetic disorders
A UCLA-led research team has developed a new method for delivering DNA into stem cells and immune cells safely, rapidly and economically. The technique uses high-frequency acoustic waves to manipulate cells and insert cargo without damaging them, enabling the creation of gene therapies for various diseases.
A cellular mechanism protecting against cancer
Bayreuth geneticists have discovered a natural protective mechanism that leads to the programmed death of potentially diseased cells. The separase enzyme plays a central role in this process and can be re-purposed to induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
Researchers use genomics to estimate Samoan population dynamics over 3,000 years
A new study found that the effective population size of the first Samoans was small, ranging from 700 to 3,400 people, with population growth starting around 1,000 years ago. The research highlights the importance of population history and size in understanding health conditions such as obesity and diabetes.
New data reveals even low levels of air pollution impacts gene expression
A twin study conducted by Monash University researchers found that even low levels of air pollution can affect gene expression, leading to long-term health consequences. The study suggests exposure to air pollutants, even at low levels, has real-life implications for the current COVID pandemic.
Hereditary mutation that drives aggressive head and neck, and lung cancers in Asians
A genetic variant in the MET gene has been identified as a driver of more aggressive growth in head and neck and lung cancers in Asians. The study suggests that targeting the variant may lead to improved disease outcomes through precision medicine.
DNA riddle unravelled: How cells access data from 'genetic cotton reels'
Australian scientists have identified a motor protein called CHD4 that helps cells access DNA information when needed. The discovery provides insights into how defects in this process contribute to diseases such as schizophrenia and cancer.
3D genetic structure in blood cancer important beyond DNA code changes
Researchers found that structural changes in protein bundles called chromosomes affect access to genes in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The new work shows that altering the 3D architecture of chromosomes can trigger cancer growth and spread, making targeted therapy a promising approach.
NIH study provides genetic insights into osteosarcoma in children
A recent NIH study has found that a significant proportion of children with osteosarcoma carry genetic variants associated with increased cancer risk. The researchers identified harmful or likely harmful variants in over a quarter of patients, highlighting the importance of genetic testing and screening for family members.
Researchers in Singapore find common therapeutic vulnerability for a genetically diverse and deadly leukemia
Researchers at Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore have identified a common therapeutic vulnerability for a genetically diverse and deadly form of leukemia. The study reveals that the polycomb repressive complex plays a critical role in driving progression to blast crisis, a nearly always fatal stage of the disease.
Loss of protein disturbs intestinal homeostasis and can drive cancer
A recent study reveals that the loss of protein MCL1 can drive cancer formation in the intestine, even without bacterial-driven inflammation. The research found that mice lacking MCL1 developed tumors and intestinal damage, similar to human cases with chronic intestinal inflammation.
Genetic test could pick out 'ultra high risk' bone marrow cancer patients
A new genetic test can identify patients with multiple myeloma who are at 'ultra high risk' of their cancer progressing aggressively early on. These patients have poorer survival rates and are unlikely to benefit from lenalidomide alone, highlighting the need for alternative treatment approaches.