Articles tagged with Cancer Genetics
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Physician attitudes and beliefs contribute to racial disparities in referrals for genetic counseling and testing. Black women are less likely to be referred for these services, despite having a higher breast cancer mortality rate than white women.
Researchers at the Salk Institute combined genomic and epidemiological data to reveal that some widespread beliefs about cancer-causing genes are incorrect. For example, KRAS is found to be involved in only about 11% of all cancers, not 25% as previously thought. This study could help guide genetic research for more effective treatments.
Researchers found that selecting the embryo with the lowest predicted risk score reduces disease risk more effectively than eliminating high-scoring embryos. However, polygenic embryo screening offers no guarantees about a baby's health and has limited effectiveness depending on factors like ancestry and age.
Researchers have discovered a new drug target for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and other hematologic malignancies, which are sensitive to MEK inhibitors. The study found that mutations affecting RNA splicing alter cells to develop MDS and solid tumors, providing a potential new approach to treating this rare blood cancer.
A recent study has identified significant disparities in nasopharyngeal cancer incidence among Asian American ethnic subgroups. Chinese and Laotian Americans were found to have the highest incidence rates, with rates surpassing other Asian American subgroups.
Biologists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory are using a mathematical tool to understand the complexities of gene expression and chromosomal mutations associated with cancer. The approach, developed by David McCandlish's lab, predicts how likely different variations on a biological theme are to arise.
Researchers have identified a way to restore the effectiveness of drugs in clinical trials for treating AML by using human alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as a 'decoy' to bind and inhibit FLT3-mutated leukemia cells. The approach has potential for improving patient outcomes, particularly for patients with FLT3-mutated AML.
Patients with certain gene mutations are at high risk of fatal chemotherapy toxicity, with a 25-times increased risk detected in those with uncommon DPYD variants. The study suggests that adding pre-treatment screening may help prevent avoidable deaths without interrupting standard care.
Scientists use modern imaging technology to determine liver cancer subtypes, identifying specific sugar structures that correlate to different subtypes. This approach could lead to earlier detection and more personalized therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Researchers discover that tumor suppressor genes can prevent the immune system from spotting and destroying malignant cells in mice. The study reveals a surprising new action for many of these defective genes, which trigger mechanisms that prevent the immune system's T-cells from targeting tumors.
Children genetically predisposed to overproduce lymphocytes in relation to other white blood cells are at higher risk of developing ALL, according to a new USC study. The research found that the ratio of lymphocytes to other key blood cells is significant in predicting leukemia risk.
Researchers at McGill University identified proteins that drive cancer stem cells in brain tumours. Targeting the protein galectin1 may provide a more effective treatment for glioblastoma when combined with radiation therapy. The study found significant improvement in tumour response to radiation therapy, resulting in expanded lifespan.
Researchers discovered downregulated immune responses and upregulated T cell-exhaustion pathways in African American patients compared to European Americans. These findings suggest striking differences in immunoregulatory gene activities that may contribute to the worse prognosis of prostate cancer in Black Americans.
The center will provide a one-stop shop for custom DNA constructs, accelerating cancer research through access to state-of-the-art tools. The facility will enable transformative, large-scale experimental projects that were previously impossible for individual labs.
Researchers identified DSS1 as a critical protein in breast cancer progression and found that depleting it makes cancer cells more responsive to lower doses of anti-cancer drugs. This technique may reduce drug-induced side effects in breast cancer patients, providing a safer treatment option.
Researchers have developed heat-controllable CAR T cells that can target and destroy cancerous tumors, while preventing relapse. The cells are engineered to produce immunomodulators under photothermal control, increasing their effectiveness against solid tumors.
A recent study has uncovered the evolutionary forces at play in the aging of the blood system and identified individuals at increased risk of blood cancer. The research provides a robust indicator for classifying patients with ARCH mutations, allowing for more frequent screening and early treatment.
Fels and Fox Chase researchers found specific TET2 and DNMT3A mutations in leukemia patients that affect DNA repair pathways. These mutations make leukemia cells sensitive to PARP inhibitors, a type of targeted therapy, while others are resistant. The study aims to develop personalized therapies for patients with these mutations.
Scientists investigated a method to enhance immunotherapy for lung cancer and found that combining it with certain chemotherapy drugs could eliminate harmful immune cells. This approach showed promising results in preclinical studies, inducing the regression of about 70% of tumors.
A recent UNSW study found that women who received their polygenic risk score (PRS) for breast cancer experienced minimal regret and reduced distress compared to those who declined. The researchers also discovered that more women reported regret about not knowing their PRS score, highlighting the importance of providing clear informatio...
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have identified DOT1L as a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Inhibitors of the DOT1L enzyme showed promise in reducing tumor growth and improving survival rates by stimulating pro-tumorigenic metabolic pathways and blocking apoptosis.
Researchers have identified a promising therapeutic target, METTL1, to treat aggressive cancers by inhibiting an RNA-modifying protein. The study found that targeting METTL1 effectively destroys cancer cells in laboratory models and mice while leaving healthy cells unharmed.
Researchers created a new indicator, CPRS, to measure overall cancer risk based on an individual's unique combination of DNA changes. A healthy lifestyle is associated with decreased cancer incidence in people with a high genetic risk.
A new study by Mayo Clinic researchers suggests that most women with breast cancer diagnosed over 65 should be offered hereditary cancer genetic testing. The study found mutations in actionable breast cancer risk genes in 3.2% of women with breast cancer, highlighting the need for broader testing regardless of age or family history.
A group of geneticists have outlined a plan to increase diversity and inclusion in their community, including boosting representation at academic conferences and addressing obstacles for underrepresented groups in research labs. The action plan aims to improve equity and fairness in the field of genetics and beyond.
A comprehensive genome-wide association study identified 13 loci strongly associated with infection or severe COVID-19, including causal factors like smoking and high body mass index. The findings could provide targets for repurposed drugs and illustrate the power of genetic studies in infectious disease.
A new study has revealed key genetic changes underlying rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare and aggressive childhood cancer. The findings link specific genetic changes to aggressiveness, early age of onset, and location in the body, which can affect treatment outcomes.
A recent genetic study published in PLOS Genetics has identified MAGEA3, a gene associated with poor prognosis in liver cancer, as a potential target for new treatments. The study found that blocking the expression of MAGEA3 in liver cancer cells can prevent their growth and death, offering hope for developing new therapies.
A new multiplex technique developed at Goethe University Frankfurt allows simulating millions of genetic defect combinations and studying their effects in cell culture. This enables the identification of genes involved in cancer and other complex diseases suitable as targets for therapies.
Researchers at UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center have uncovered a new mechanism that activates specific genes, leading to cancer development. They found that a mutation in two unrelated genes can promote a process called liquid-liquid phase separation, which enables the formation of compartments with varying physical properties.
Researchers at USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center found that family-based cancer clustering occurs more frequently among Latino, African American, and Asian/Pacific Islander families. The study suggests a higher inherited risk of early-onset cancer in these minority populations compared to non-Latino white families.
Researchers have identified a genetic marker in tumours from patients with high-risk neuroblastoma that can predict poorer prognosis and respond to targeted treatment. This breakthrough may lead to personalized treatment options for children with high-risk disease.
Five researchers, supported by a $12.8 million grant, will investigate computational methods for predicting immunotherapy responses, genetic elements controlling gene expression, and protein assemblies regulating gene expression in cancer.
A team of researchers developed a laboratory system to dissect the pre-cancerous steps that remained undetected until present. They found that mutant cells create a hostile environment for neighboring non-mutant cells and deregulate the normal stem cell niche in mouse intestinal tissue.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have developed a non-contact probe that enables the analysis of single cells within tumors without disrupting their spatial configurations. The tool can also introduce foreign materials to selected cells, facilitating advanced studies on complex diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's.
A Salk study reveals the connection between CRTC3 and melanin production, finding that eliminating the protein can reduce melanoma cell aggression. The researchers also discovered two cellular communications systems converge on CRTC3, suggesting it as a potential target for developing new treatments.
A new study found that up to 38.6% of colon cancer patients with a hereditary cancer syndrome may be undetected by current universal tumor-screening methods. Researchers recommend implementing multi-gene panel testing as part of the standard care for all colorectal cancer patients.
A team of scientists identified a critical checkpoint mechanism that fine-tunes gene transcription and is implicated in cancer. By targeting this mechanism, researchers found promising results in preclinical models of solid and hematopoietic malignancies.
A University of Seville group discovered the mechanism by which BRG1 inactivation leads to genetic instability and tumour formation. The study reveals that the SWI/SNF complex plays a crucial role in resolving chromosomal conflicts, and its mutation can cause DNA replication defects and chromosomal breaks.
A study by Vanderbilt researchers found that maintaining a healthy lifestyle can reduce colorectal cancer risk by nearly 40% among those with a high genetic risk. Those at low genetic risk see only a 25% reduction, highlighting the importance of prevention strategies for high-risk individuals.
Researchers discovered unique genetic signatures linked to protective processes like DNA repair in people who live beyond 105 years. They found that these individuals have more efficient DNA repair mechanisms and a lower burden of mutations in specific genes.
A computational method using machine learning and feature sets derived from molecular simulation can predict the functional consequences of genetic variation in cancer drugs. This technology has the potential to accurately diagnose cancer variants and improve treatment outcomes by tailoring therapy to individual genetic profiles.
Researchers discovered a cancer-causing gene mutation that accelerates cerebral cavernous malformation growth, leading to seizures or stroke. Repurposing an anticancer drug showed promise in improving brain-vascular health and preventing bleeding into the brain tissue.
Researchers at Osaka University identify HPnc4160 as a key regulator of Helicobacter pylori adaptation to the human stomach. The study found that strains with lower levels of this molecule are more infectious and produce higher levels of CagA, an oncoprotein linked to cancer development.
Researchers found that spatial constraints from the surrounding environment significantly affect tumor evolution, leading to diverse mutational patterns among patients. The study highlights the importance of tissue architecture in regulating tumor growth and behavior.
A study of over 150,000 European women has identified PAX8, CLPTM1L, and HLA region gene variants associated with an increased risk of developing cervical cancer. The findings open avenues for personalized screening approaches or targeted treatments.
Scientists genetically engineered myeloid cells to deliver an anticancer signal, shrinking tumors and preventing cancer from spreading to other parts of the body. The study shows promise as a potential treatment for metastatic cancer, with treated mice living substantially longer and experiencing reduced metastatic cancer.
A new technique called GETMap can trace the source of circulating DNA in the blood, which could be used to monitor organ transplant rejection, detect hidden cancers, and even screen for early asymptomatic cancers. The test identifies genetic and epigenetic markers to determine whether DNA comes from a specific tissue or organ.
Researchers at UCM identify low plasma levels of protein TGFB1 and polymorphisms in the gene as biomarkers for poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma. These variants are associated with higher mortality rates and increased risk of developing stomach tumors.
Scientists have discovered that large numbers of inherited genetic mutations collectively increase cancer risk, particularly for late-onset types. This breakthrough could lead to more effective early detection strategies and personalized cancer treatments tailored to an individual's genetics.
Researchers discover histone-lysine N-methyltransferase (NSD3) as a main driver of squamous cell carcinoma lung cancer. Targeting NSD3 could improve treatment and survival rates.
Researchers developed a new cancer immunotherapy that uses engineered T cells to target a genetic alteration common among all cancers. The approach stimulates an immune response against cells with the loss of one gene copy, called loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and has shown promising results in laboratory studies and mouse models.
A new study suggests that targeted screening for prostate cancer could prevent up to 16% of prostate cancer deaths and reduce overdiagnosis by 27%. The study, led by UCL researchers, recommends screening men with a high genetic risk profile using an MRI scan before biopsy.
The CNIO team found that telomeres respond to external signals inducing cell proliferation and that blocking these signals can interfere with cancer cells becoming immortal. The study identifies telomeres as a key target of the AKT pathway, which plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis.
A study found that night shifts disrupt natural rhythms in cancer-related genes, making workers more vulnerable to DNA damage. This can lead to increased cancer risk, and researchers hope to develop prevention strategies and treatment options to address this issue.
Researchers developed a design-driven process using computational modeling to identify useful genetic designs for cellular engineering. The approach accelerates the development of new treatments for diseases by enabling the efficient identification and testing of genetic programs.
Researchers identified three genetic regions associated with skin pigmentation and severe vitamin D deficiency in African Americans. The study's findings have implications for personalized vitamin D supplementation and potential cancer prevention.
A study by Mayo Clinic researchers has identified USP24 as a frequently missing gene in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma, an aggressive form of childhood cancer. The gene plays a crucial role in protecting cells against errors during cell division and its loss may contribute to the development of aggressive tumors.
Scientists at JAIST have created a photosynthetic bacteria-based cancer optotheranostics, using NIR light-driven PPSB as an effective theranostic material for deep tumor treatments. The approach offers high tumor specificity, non-pathogenicity, and multifunctional capabilities without genetic manipulations or chemical functionalizations.
A new 523-gene panel has been developed to diagnose and treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), identifying more genetic mutations and potential treatment targets. The panel has shown high sensitivity and specificity in detecting AML and has the potential to improve patient outcomes.