Articles tagged with Cancer Genomics
A recent study published in JAMA Oncology found that Black women with early-stage, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer are more likely to experience higher mortality rates due to both social determinants of health and tumor biology. The research analyzed data from 60,137 women between 2004-2015 and discovered that these factors co...
A new machine learning model combines fusion gene profiling, serum PSA level, and Gleason score to predict prostate cancer recurrence with improved accuracy. The model outperformed clinical data alone and provided valuable insights into the mechanism of disease progression.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have discovered a new mechanism, called H2A-H2B mediated epigenetic memory, that helps cells preserve their information and functionality during division. This discovery could lead to new treatments for cancer and aging by modulating cellular processes.
The study validated the clinical utility of Strata Oncology's proprietary pan-solid tumor predictive biomarker, Immunotherapy Response Score (IRS), which predicts response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy. IRS captures tumor biology and microenvironment by combining tumor mutation burden with quantitative expression of PD-L1, PD-1, ADAM...
Researchers found that arginine levels are limited in human cancers, prompting cancer cells to manipulate proteins to take up the amino acid. Starving cancer cells of arginine may lead to mutations that make them more recognizable to the immune system.
Researchers developed a computational analysis method to detect and identify somatic SVs in leukemia patients, gaining insights into molecular consequences and potential therapies. The approach enables understanding of individual somatic mutations and may lead to targeted treatments.
A Geisinger study found that genomic screening can help detect medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) in patients with RET gene variants. The research evaluated 75 patients who had the genetic results, and 12 were found to have cancer after undergoing surgery. Genomic screening provides opportunities for early detection and treatment of MTC.
Researchers have created a genetic map to identify important genes causing sarcoma, a common childhood cancer. The study found that one in 14 individuals with sarcoma carries a clinically significant gene, offering hope for earlier diagnosis and treatment.
A study of 184 grade I and II meningiomas found associations between specific tumor mutations and increased or decreased recurrence rates. Mutations in ATM and CREBBP were linked to accelerated recurrence, while POLE mutations showed protective effects, highlighting potential targets for intervention.
A multidisciplinary team reviews genomic test results and recommends treatment options for patients with gastrointestinal cancer, identifying clinical trials suitable for most patients. The program has been successful in providing expert treatment guidance for over 500 patients and can be a model for other cancer centers.
The study found that methylation of the HLA-A gene and focal deletions resulted in reduced immune cell activity against cancer cells, leading to fewer immune cells being available to attack cancer cells. The researchers also discovered differences in immune cell response between various sites of metastasis.
A comprehensive study of childhood leukemia's genetic diversity provides insights into personalized therapy. Researchers identified distinct groups based on drug sensitivity profiles, which significantly impact prognosis.
Researchers identified two broad categories of MPNSTs based on their molecular makeup, one of which has a higher number of immune cells and tends to be more survivable. This discovery may lead to new treatment approaches for NF1 patients with MPNSTs, including immunotherapy and genetic testing.
A new method, SPOTS, maps gene activity patterns and protein presence in cells across tissue samples with unprecedented resolution. This enables the creation of complex maps of organs, including diseased ones, which could be widely useful in basic and clinical research.
A recent study found that the APOBEC3G enzyme can cause numerous mutations in bladder tumor cells, leading to increased malignancy and mortality. The research suggests that this enzyme could be a potential target for cancer treatment strategies.
A new software developed by researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory can accurately infers continental ancestry from tumor DNA and RNA. This technology has the potential to lead to more targeted and personalized cancer treatments by identifying genetic connections between cancer and race or ethnicity.
The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) published a report assessing the clinical adoption, classification inconsistencies, and implementation barriers of the 2017 guidelines for sequence variant interpretation and reporting in cancer. The study found that 86% of participants correctly differentiated clinically significant varian...
The National Cancer Institute awards $10.5 million to USC's Division of Biostatistics to develop statistical methods for uncovering new risk factors associated with cancer by integrating large volumes of health, genomic, and exposure data. The project aims to provide new insights into complex biological processes and discoveries of nov...
A new study explores the value of 'trash data' from cancer genome sequencing, identifying new strategies to uncover previously unexplored information. The researchers found that genomic and transcriptomic data contain relevant information that can help elucidate carcinogenesis and discover putative biomarkers with clinical applications.
Researchers discovered MYC protein spheres protect sensitive DNA sites from enzyme collisions, leading to cancer cell death. The discovery opens doors for developing specifically effective drugs to prevent sphere formation.
Researchers identified USP7 as a novel cyclin F-interacting protein that stabilizes cyclin F protein. The study also found that USP7 regulates cyclin F mRNA, with pharmacological inhibition resulting in downregulation of cyclin F mRNA.
UVA researchers developed a new tool to analyze genetic data, reducing noise and bias in cancer diagnosis. The tool uses mathematical modeling to identify patterns in chromatin, helping scientists detect tiny numbers of disease cells.
Researchers have characterized the functional significance of DDX41 in molecular processes underlying cancer. The study reveals that DDX41 serves crucial functions in transcriptional processes, RNA splicing, and genomic integrity maintenance, which may hold significance in treating hematopoietic malignancies.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology discovered a direct link between TET protein loss of function and missing genes in embryonic stem cells, which can lead to cancer growth. The study found that TET proteins are crucial for maintaining genome stability, and their loss results in aneuploidies, a common feature of cancer cells.
The study found that BRAF alterations, particularly Class I mutations like v600E, are associated with improved overall survival in adults with glioma. However, the effectiveness of targeted therapies depends on the specific type and combination of genetic alterations driving the cancer.
A new Northwestern Medicine study identifies common and rare gene mutations that impact radiation resistance and sensitivity. This information will allow clinicians to better calibrate radiation doses based on genetic mutations, improving treatment efficacy while reducing toxicity.
A large multi-center study analyzing patient records from three major cancer centers found that ILC is detected later and has worse outcomes than IDC. The research highlights the need for new imaging technologies to improve early detection of ILC, which often spreads beyond breast tissue before diagnosis.
Researchers at the University of South Australia are using new technologies to speed up blood cancer diagnosis and treatment. The project aims to identify genetic variants that cause cancer, enabling clinicians to provide targeted treatments and improve patient management.
Researchers have discovered how a common blood stem cell mutation, DNMT3A R882, alters gene activity and produces abnormal blood cells that increase cancer risk. The study found that the mutant cells produce more red blood cells and platelets, leading to higher cardiovascular disease risks.
African American men are twice as likely to have more aggressive disease compared to non-African American men. Genomic biomarker tests like the Decipher score can identify patients with higher-risk disease, enabling tailored treatment approaches.
Researchers developed a new mathematical technique to analyze cell nucleus organization, revealing self-sustaining transcription clusters that play a key role in maintaining cell identity. This understanding may expose vulnerabilities for targeting cancer cells and reprogramming them to stop uncontrollable cell division.
A new method using machine learning corrects damaged DNA and unveils true mutation processes in tumour samples, helping early cancer detection and accurate diagnosis. The tool predicted over 90% of developing cancer processes, offering a significant advancement in cancer patient care.
Researchers at UVA have discovered the mechanism behind gene regulation during organ development, shedding light on how genetic material interacts with transcription factors to create different cell types. The study's findings could offer insights into the initiation of certain cancers and inspire new therapeutic development.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Cancer identified genetic signatures linked to patient response to immunotherapy in bladder and other cancers. High DDR1 expression is associated with 'cold' tumors, while high DDR2 is linked to 'hot' tumors.
Researchers at Dartmouth Cancer Center developed a new approach for detecting and quantifying tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer. High levels of heterogeneity are linked to poor patient outcomes, while specific proteins regulate its extent. The study aims to utilize this approach in therapeutic decision-making.
Scientists at IRB Barcelona develop a new approach to pinpointing the genes driving clonal hematopoiesis, a biological process linked to ageing and increased risk of blood malignancies. By adapting cancer genomics tools, researchers aim to improve early detection and monitoring of this condition.
A new study from Tel Aviv University found that CRISPR therapeutics can lead to a significant loss of genetic material in treated cells, potentially destabilizing the genome and promoting cancer. The researchers detected up to 10% of cells with lost chromosomes, highlighting the need for extra care when using this technology.
Scientists from A*STAR and NUS Cancer Science Institute identified a key cancer progression mechanism that could lead to more effective treatments. The discovery involves reactivating the hTERT gene, which is responsible for prolonging telomeres in cancer cells.
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz discovered that a key genetic mutation in the KRAS gene alters RNA 'dark matter', leading to the release of previously unknown RNA biomarkers. These biomarkers could be detected in the blood through a liquid biopsy, offering a promising step in cancer early detection.
The Mount Sinai Hospital has been awarded $4.2 million over five years to establish a Proteogenomic Data Analysis Center, which will help identify potential biomarkers and drug targets for cancer and new insights into cancer biology.
The new high-throughput array greatly accelerates mouse DNA methylation characterization, providing an unprecedented look into the mouse epigenome. It enables scientists to interrogate methylation more quickly and deeply than previous methods, resulting in a rich atlas of DNA methylation profiles across over 1,200 samples.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes and Stanford University identified key genes linked to T cell exhaustion. They discovered how to block these genes, resulting in healthier T cells and smaller tumors in mice with cancer. This breakthrough may lead to improved immune-based treatments for cancer patients.
Researchers have developed a method to understand chromosomal instability in aggressive cancers, allowing for improved analysis and selection of effective therapies. The study defines biological causes of different types of chromosomal instability and its relation to tumour types.
Researchers have developed a new method to assess the three-dimensional structure of the human genome, revealing that groups of simultaneously interacting regulatory elements may affect gene expression. The study found that cooperative groupings of DNA elements occurred around genes associated with cell identity.
Researchers at Nagoya University created a 3D model of the human genome structure, analyzing its dynamics and functions. The study provides new insights into chromatin distribution, cell division, and transcription regulation, shedding light on cellular processes and potential disease mechanisms.
A team led by Professor Anton Henssen is investigating extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in cancer research. The researchers aim to understand how DNA rings contribute to tumor aggressiveness and develop effective therapies to slow them down.
Researchers identified a three-gene signature in multiple myeloma tumors that predicts a positive response to selinexor-based therapy. The discovery could improve patient selection for targeted agents and expand the use of the drug into patients who haven't failed other therapies.
A proteomic study of 2,002 tumors identified 11 distinct molecular subtypes across 14 tissue-based cancer types, including breast, lung, and brain cancers. These subtypes provide new insights into the deregulated pathways and processes in tumors that make them cancerous.
A new machine learning algorithm called 'ikarus' has found a gene signature characteristic of tumors, distinguishing between healthy and tumor cells in various types of cancer. The algorithm was trained on single-cell sequencing data sets and demonstrated an extraordinarily high success rate in distinguishing between different cell types.
Researchers analyzed 2,049 breast cancer samples to compare genomic alterations across younger and older age groups. Younger patients had higher rates of BRCA1 mutations and lower rates of CDH1 and PIK3CA mutations.
Researchers studied meiotic cohesin complexes' effect on chromosome structure and genomic integrity in embryonic stem cells. Maintaining adequate levels of REC8 and STAG3 factors ensures chromosomal stabilization and sister chromatid cohesion.
Biologists at the University of Pennsylvania have discovered a two-sided genomic arms race between satellite DNA and its binding proteins in fruit flies. The study reveals that when these elements interact, significant costs to fitness can occur, including impacts on fertility and cancer development.
A new study has discovered that rare pieces of genetic code can serve as another layer of control in the genome, essential for fertility and evolutionary innovation. Researchers found that certain tissues are more tolerant of diverse codons, particularly the testes, which may play a critical role in fertility.
Researchers developed CancerOmicsNet, a graph neural network model that integrates multiple heterogeneous data to predict cancer cell growth rate after drug treatment. The model achieved significantly higher cross-validated accuracy than other approaches on the same data.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham have discovered two new DNA repair genes, SETD1A and BOD1L, which can make cancer cells more sensitive to radiotherapy. These findings may lead to improved treatment efficiency and patient outcomes by allowing clinicians to identify targeted treatments for specific patients.
Elham Azizi, a computational biologist at Columbia University, has received a $500,030 NSF CAREER Award to develop new computational methods for analyzing the interactions between immune cells and breast cancer. Her goal is to improve personalized cancer treatments by understanding how aggressive tumors evade the body's immune defenses.
A novel connection between genes involved in mitosis and glucose metabolism was found by researchers at Nagoya University. They demonstrated a gene bypass process using evolutionary repair experiments, suggesting that suppressing both Plk1 and CK1 could be more effective in cancer treatment.
A UC Davis study found a critical agent keeping KSHV dormant and undetected by the immune system. The virus is linked to various cancers and AIDS-related diseases. The researchers identified CHD4 as a key regulator of the latency-lytic switch, allowing the virus to stay silent.
Researchers have used a data-sharing innovation to categorise 16 uncertain BRCA variants as benign or likely benign, potentially allowing women with these variants to skip invasive surgeries. This could lead to thousands of people avoiding difficult treatments for no reason.
Assistant professor David Knowles at Columbia University wins a $500,000 NSF CAREER Award to develop a new framework and tools for analyzing alternative splicing in diseases such as ALS and cancer. The project aims to create more accurate algorithms for single-cell and long-read RNA-seq analysis.