Articles tagged with Cancer Genomics
A new study has mapped genetic differences across children with Wilms tumour, a type of childhood kidney cancer, to understand how it develops and responds to treatment. The research suggests that inherited genetic changes predetermine tumour development, growth, and response to treatments.
Researchers explore HER2-low breast cancer, a new clinical subtype that benefits from novel treatments and personalized care. Current testing methods are not always accurate, calling for better detection methods to correctly identify patients who can benefit from these new therapies.
A new study reveals unexpected patterns of mutation inheritance in family trees of single cells, showing that some DNA damage can last for two to three years without repair. This persistence creates multiple chances for harmful mutations to occur, leading to cancer development.
Researchers developed a system to monitor tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) after comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP), enabling accurate prediction of patient outcomes. The study showed that this approach can be effectively used in conjunction with CGP data to predict cancer relapse and treatment response, improving person...
BGI Genomics has launched a National Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control Program in Brunei, utilizing HPV DNA testing for large-scale screening. The initiative aims to increase accurate and reliable early detection methods, aligning with the WHO's global strategy of cervical cancer elimination by 2030.
A study by Tulane University researchers found that tumors in female fruit flies grew 2.5 times larger than those in male fruit flies due to sex-based differences in immune response. The stronger innate immune response in females accelerated tumor growth.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia researchers discovered a gene signature that identifies patients with T-ALL at high risk of relapse. The study found a potential therapeutic treatment, venetoclax, which targets specific cells associated with poor outcomes.
MSK researchers have identified a compound that selectively kills glioblastoma cells while sparing healthy cells. They also developed a new method to study cancer evolution by introducing mutations in specific genes, allowing for the rapid regression of leukemia and understanding its behavior.
The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) has published data on over 2,700 genes curated for clinical relevance to genetic diseases. The consortium has identified 2,420 gene-disease relationships, classified 5,161 unique pathogenic variants and validated 1,557 genes for dosage sensitivity assessments.
A team of researchers has identified the USP50 protein's role in regulating DNA replication by deciding which enzymes to use during critical processes. The study found that USP50 helps cells balance nuclease and helicase activity, preventing replication defects when it is absent.
A new analytical tool called PATH can quantify tumor cell plasticity, which is a key characteristic of cancer that leads to treatment resistance and metastatic spread. Researchers used PATH to analyze tumor samples from animal models and human patients, revealing new details of how tumors exploit plasticity to spread.
A new study has identified NSD2 as a fundamental factor in early stages of prostate cancer development, found to alter androgen receptor function leading to rapid cell division and growth. The study may suggest a new way to therapeutically target prostate cancer by targeting the epigenetic component NSD2.
Scientists have discovered over 50,000 unusual DNA structures called i-motifs in the human genome, which are concentrated in key functional areas and may play a role in regulating gene activity. This finding offers new possibilities for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to diseases such as cancer.
The study identified 96 mutated driver genes, 9 of which were previously unknown in CRC, and 24 that were new to any form of cancer. A new molecular classifier system was developed, identifying five distinct CRC prognostic subtypes with unique molecular characteristics.
Researchers studied three polyploid plant species that successfully adapted to extra DNA and found distinct molecular solutions. The study identified the CENP-E molecule as a promising target for killing polyploid cancers. Additionally, 'meiosis genes' were found to play a crucial role in rapid adaptation to polyploidy.
Researchers discovered novel genetic variations that influence relapse risk in children with standard-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (SR B-ALL). The study highlights the importance of genomic profiling in accurately determining patient risk and tailoring treatment intensity.
Researchers at the University of Bologna have identified a specific location and genomic context where DNA breaks occur due to topoisomerase I inhibition. This discovery could lead to new cancer treatments by inducing DNA damage and genomic instability in cancer cells.
Researchers predict that circular RNAs will play a crucial role in cancer diagnosis and treatment, enabling innovative diagnostic and therapeutic developments. The study highlights the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers, therapy targets, and even immune response inducers against cancer cells.
Researchers developed a novel liquid biopsy technique to monitor disease evolution in metastatic prostate cancer patients. The method analyzes DNA and RNA in circulating extracellular vesicles, capturing tumor genomics and transcriptomic changes.
Researchers found that bowel cancer cells can regulate their growth using genetic on-off switches, allowing them to maximize survival chances. The study also showed that DNA repair genes can be repeatedly created and repaired, acting as 'genetic switches' to control tumour growth or put the brakes back on.
A new genomic test has improved clinical care for some children with cancer in England by informing individual patient care. The study found that the test provided additional insights that improved care for 20 children and reduced the number of tests required.
A new editorial paper discusses molecular and cytogenetic analyses used to identify distinct subtypes of acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Researchers found that around 15% of AML cases remain genetically unclassifiable, emphasizing the need for further research.
A new liquid biopsy method analyzes gene fragments in the bloodstream to detect and track cancer, enabling oncologists to tailor treatment approaches to individual patients. This non-invasive test can help monitor treatment success, detect cancer recurrence, and improve patient quality of life.
A new, streamlined urine DNA test detects primary bladder cancer more accurately than current methods, potentially reducing the need for invasive cystoscopy. The test shows high sensitivity and specificity, even for detecting high-grade noninvasive papillary carcinoma.
A new machine-learning model using serum fusion-gene levels predicts HCC with an accuracy of 83-91%, significantly improving upon current biomarkers like serum alpha-fetal protein. This breakthrough tool may help identify patients at risk and monitor cancer recurrence, leading to improved survival rates.
The Kids First DRC has introduced an upgraded data portal to streamline big data search and analysis, improving collaborative pediatric research outcomes. The new portal integrates diverse datasets, including genomic information from the Children's Brain Tumor Network, to foster cross-disciplinary research.
A comprehensive molecular portrait of KRAS has been established, revealing its key role in pancreatic cancer progression and resistance to treatment. The study identifies ERK as a critical regulator of KRAS activity, with implications for developing targeted therapies.
A genomic study of over 5,000 veterans with advanced prostate cancer reveals significant differences in frequencies of alterations associated with race and ethnicity. Alterations in immunotherapy targets were more common in Black veterans, potentially leading to opportunities for precision-based therapy.
A new study found that PARP1 is involved in the repair of telomeres, which can lead to genomic instability and cancer. Impairing this process can lead to telomere shortening and increased risk of cancer. The findings challenge existing dogma and open up new possibilities for improving cancer therapies.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have charted a molecular pathway that can lure cells down a hazardous path of duplicating their genome too many times, a hallmark of cancer cells. The findings reveal what goes wrong when a group of molecules and enzymes trigger the cell cycle, leading to cancer development.
Researchers have developed a new urine-based test that identifies high-grade prostate cancer by analyzing 18 genes linked to the disease. The test, called MyProstateScore2.0, was shown to be nearly 100% correct at ruling out aggressive cancers and helped avoid up to 41% of unnecessary biopsies.
Two new Review articles explore AI's application in early cancer detection, highlighting its potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve treatment selection. The articles emphasize the need for a robust, multi-disciplinary approach to integrate AI into medicine.
Researchers identified a small set of proteins governing anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) identity and found that drugs targeting the STAT family of proteins already exist for treatment. The study provides insight into potential vulnerabilities in ALCL cells.
A KAIST-Seoul National University Hospital research team has developed a computational workflow that predicts metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with somatic mutations in cancers. The workflow uses genome-scale metabolic models and mutation data to identify altered metabolic pathways that contribute to cancer progression.
Researchers linked red/processed meat consumption to increased colorectal cancer risk, highlighting two genetic markers (HAS2 and SMAD7) that alter cancer risk levels based on meat intake. The study analyzed data from nearly 70,000 people and found a 30-40% increased risk for those with high red or processed meat intake.
A long non-coding RNA called lncREST has been identified as a crucial component of the stress response during DNA replication. Its absence leads to impaired stress signalling, resulting in severe DNA defects and cell death. The discovery opens up new avenues for developing anti-tumour therapies.
The NCI-MATCH precision medicine trial discovered that trastuzumab-pertuzumab, approved for HER2-positive breast cancer, can shrink tumors in patients with other types of cancer and high levels of the HER2 gene. The study found a 12% confirmed overall response rate, with partial responses in various cancers.
A recent study has uncovered 145 genes crucial for genome stability, shedding light on genetic factors influencing human health over a lifespan. The research highlights the potential of SIRT inhibitors as a therapeutic pathway for cohesinopathies and other genomic disorders.
Researchers have identified mechanisms of resistance to tazemetostat in epithelioid sarcoma and rhabdoid tumors, leading to the development of a combination therapy strategy. The therapy uses an epigenetic treatment approach to target specific mutations that drive cancer growth.
Researchers developed a molecular predictor of radiation response using cell line data and machine learning-based approaches, capturing a wider range of biological processes. The new gene signature has the potential to aid decision-making, personalize treatments, and improve outcomes for various types of cancers.
The study classifies pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pAML) into 23 distinct molecular categories, revealing unique biological characteristics and drivers of the disease. This classification provides a path forward for clinicians to identify distinct pAML sub-types and guide treatment decisions.
Studies at single-cell resolution reveal significant tumor cell heterogeneity and an immune-evasive environment that contributes to treatment resistance in T follicular helper cell lymphomas. A novel marker, PLS3, is also identified as a key player in this process.
A study by the University of the Basque Country uses game theory to establish that tumours with less cellular heterogeneity are more aggressive. The work suggests a fresh theoretical approach for new therapeutic strategies, focusing on preserving high intratumour heterogeneity.
Research reveals chromatin's role in preventing DNA-RNA hybrid formation, which causes genomic instability and cancer. DNA-RNA hybrids are a risk factor in tumour development, suggesting potential use as an indicator of carcinogenic risk.
A qualitative study by City of Hope highlights the importance of proper patient preparation for unanticipated, inheritable genetic findings prior to tumor sequencing. The research emphasizes the need for scalable educational interventions that facilitate informed consent, such as online tools and applications.
A new study by Cleveland Clinic researchers reveals significant differences in cell communication between breast tissue with and without BRCA1/2 gene mutations. This discovery provides a foundation for personalized medicine approaches to prevent and treat breast cancer in mutation carriers.
Researchers have identified 451 genetic variants associated with prostate cancer risk through a comprehensive analysis of nearly 950,000 men. The findings improve the accuracy of genetic risk scores and may lead to personalized screening recommendations for men at higher risk.
Researchers at the University of Leicester have received a significant financial boost to advance their cancer treatment research. The team will investigate 'liquid biopsies' to reveal vital clues about cancer genetic makeup, aiming to predict how cancer changes and which treatment works best for individual patients.
A team of researchers at Kyoto University has found that a deficiency in the enzyme B4GALT3 inhibits tumor growth in mice. The study shows that reduced glycosylation on T cell surfaces correlates with increased CD8+ immune cells infiltrating tumors.
A new study reveals that autophagy plays a crucial role in the gradual loss of DNA content in diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells undergoing chronological aging. The researchers found that only diploids survived, and autophagy induction was responsible for the DNA loss.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered that bat genomes contain unique adaptations to defend against infection and cancer. The study highlights the interconnectedness of immunity and cancer response, revealing potential new treatments for human diseases.
Researchers from the University of Virginia Health System have made significant discoveries about the genetic influences on fatty acid metabolism in diverse populations. The study found broad similarities among groups but also notable differences, highlighting the need for genetic studies in diverse groups.
Researchers have discovered widespread genomic mutations and instability in transmissible cancers found in clams, which may explain their survival for over 200 years. The study highlights the clam's potential as a model for studying cancer evolution and developing novel strategies to block cancer in humans.
Researchers have sequenced the genomes of transmissible shellfish cancers, revealing high levels of genomic instability not seen in other cancers. The study focused on the common cockle, a species that belongs to one of the oldest groups of animals on Earth.
Cancer cells exploit enhancer DNA to accelerate tumor growth, according to researchers at the University of Toronto. The study found that specific proteins regulate this process, suggesting potential treatments through FOXA1 or NFIB suppression.
A new study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms behind immunotherapy's lack of response in certain types of cancer. Researchers found that intratumoral heterogeneity damps the immune response, leading to diminished effectiveness.
CityU and AFCR have signed a MoU to promote cutting-edge cancer-related innovative inventions and commercialization. The partnership aims to foster the development of biomedicine and related innovation, with world-leading scholars from Harvard Medical School attending the inaugural 'Innovation Series in Biomedicine' forum.
A team of Chinese and UK researchers has identified superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) as a potential target for reversing drug resistance in ovarian cancer. By using nanoparticles to deliver siRNA that reduces SOD1 levels, the study showed reduced growth and decreased resistance to cisplatin in female mice.
Researchers developed a targeted microRNA therapy that slowed cancer tumor growth in a 21-day study. The therapy, which combines a delivery system with modified microRNA-34a, suppressed the activity of genes driving cancer and resistance to other therapies.
Researchers identified common bladder cancer-related mutations across species, including TP53, FAT1, and NRAS in cats, and ARID1A and KDM6A in dogs. This study provides insights into human MIBC and aids understanding of bladder cancer biology across species.