Scientists have developed a new method to manipulate light using synthetic dimension dynamics, enabling precise control over light propagation and confinement. This breakthrough has significant implications for applications such as mode lasing, quantum optics, and data transmission.
Researchers developed nanoparticles that effectively halt amyloid beta aggregation and toxicity using ultra-low-energy X-rays. The innovative treatment strategy shows promise in delaying disease progression by up to 36% in preclinical models.
Researchers found that forming social bonds facilitates quicker and more frequent communication among group members, with neural activity aligning between leaders and followers. The study suggests a potential neurocognitive explanation for the hierarchical structure of human groups.
Researchers successfully demonstrate CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology to eliminate all traces of the HIV virus from infected cells in laboratory settings. The study aims to develop a robust and safe combinatorial regimen to target diverse HIV strains across various cellular contexts.
Researchers demonstrate efficacy of airborne ultrasound technology to detect low-amplitude movements produced by vocalizations at the chest surface. The technology allows for contactless mapping of surface vibrations, offering a better window on respiratory health and enabling better diagnoses of respiratory diseases.
The ALEXANDRA/IMpassion030 phase 3 trial found that adding atezolizumab to chemotherapy after surgery did not improve survival for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer patients. Researchers also found no benefit in different sub-groups, such as those with lymph node spread and PD-L1 positive cancer.
Researchers argue that middle age marks a shift in brain aging and should be a focus for more research. The study identified changes in the brain's structure, function, and gene expression during this period.
USC researchers found that climate change graphics are too complex, even for policymakers and practitioners. The study recommends limiting each graphic to one key message and suggests a detailed checklist to improve design. Effective graphics should convey a clear message and target broad audiences.
Researchers developed a web-based decision aid to support pregnant individuals in making informed decisions about tubal sterilization. The study found that those who used the decision aid had significantly higher knowledge of the procedure's permanence and reduced uncertainty, compared to those who did not use it.
Researchers at MIT and University of Helsinki discovered a protein in human sweat that can protect against Lyme disease. A genetic variant of this protein is associated with increased susceptibility to the disease.
A new study highlights the importance of differentiating between formal and functional competence in language learning models. Researchers argue that leveraging human neuroscience insights can help develop more powerful AIs that mimic the brain's modularity, leading to improved performance and natural user interaction.
A new review by UMass Amherst researchers highlights the need for more research on breast cancer cell dormancy, which is a contributing factor to metastatic breast cancer. The study aims to identify gaps in research and develop better models to understand and treat this phenomenon.
A new study published in Trends and Ecology & Evolution recommends using absolute abundance to monitor biodiversity, providing a more precise estimate of species population sizes. This method is harder to collect but offers a more accurate picture of biodiversity, enabling effective conservation actions and policy decisions.
A study of over 11,000 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65+ who experienced stroke after COVID-19 bivalent vaccination found no evidence of a significantly elevated stroke risk during the days immediately following vaccination. The researchers concluded that the vaccine's safety profile is supported by this analysis.
A new study from Northwestern Medicine found that the US maternal mortality rate increased by nearly doubling between 2014 and 2021, with no correlation to increasing pregnancy-related deaths among older adults. The study highlights the need to investigate other causes of maternal mortality, particularly cardiovascular disease.
A new study by Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute reveals that nearly one-quarter of US counties had high heat-related emergency activation rates, with the South, Midwest, and Southwest being most affected. Vulnerable communities already at risk for cardiovascular disease were found to be particularly hard hit.
Researchers from NTU Singapore and the University of Toulouse discovered a link between ionophores, cellular ion balance, and inflammation. The study found that cells trigger an immune response when potassium ions fall below a certain level, releasing pro-inflammatory molecules.
A new study has compiled a global archive of preserved human brains, challenging the notion that brain preservation is extremely rare. The archive reveals that nervous tissues persist in much greater abundances than traditionally thought, with many brains up to 12,000 years old and found in diverse environments.
The study confirms the presence of four distinct subgenomes in woody bamboos, with the C subgenome dominating two tetraploid lineages. The hexaploid lineage exhibits a dynamic shift in dominance from C to A subgenomes, contributing to evolutionary traits and forest habitat adaptation.
A new study suggests that top chemical companies use subsidiaries to shield themselves from environmental penalties and toxic emissions. The research found that adding a layer of corporate hierarchy increased toxic emissions by 39%, indicating a strategic buffering effect.
A new study found that individuals with a high capacity for goal disengagement can prevent worsening relationship satisfaction in couples experiencing sleep problems. By learning to let go of unattainable goals, partners can reallocate resources towards protecting and improving their relationship.
A study by IRB Barcelona and Sant Joan de Déu Hospital reveals three distinct patterns explaining the occurrence of second cancers in children, including a mutational footprint from chemotherapy. The research advances understanding of pediatric cancer and highlights the importance of clinical data sharing.
Researchers at the University of Galway have developed a new method for improving stem cell-based brain repair therapy for Parkinson's disease, which shows promising results in enhancing survival and maturation of cells in the brain. The technique uses a collagen hydrogel to support and protect the cells after transplantation.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have discovered a network of immune cells, called stem-immunity hubs, that are associated with a favorable response to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. The presence of these hubs can serve as a biomarker to predict response to treatment.
Researchers have developed nanoparticles that can inactivate multiple strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by targeting its twist in the spike protein. These particles show promise as a complementary treatment for COVID-19 when vaccines and other treatments are ineffective, particularly against vulnerable populations.
Researchers used computer simulations to demonstrate that a subduction zone originating in the Western Mediterranean will propagate into the Atlantic under the Strait of Gibraltar. This will create a new Atlantic subduction zone, which will then move down into the Earth's mantle.
A new study suggests that loneliness is comparable in harm to smoking over 15 cigarettes a day and has negative effects on physical and mental health. Primary care clinicians can play an important role in developing and maintaining social connections for patients experiencing loneliness.
Scientists observed dynamic electronic behavior and surface structure of triphenylene molecules deposited on graphite substrates, revealing a standing-up configuration. The study contributes to the development of new luminescent materials and functional organic electronic devices.
The study reveals Brat's role in regulating wing imaginal discs regeneration by modulating downstream growth factors. Flies with reduced Brat demonstrated improved wing regeneration but also exhibited deficiencies in cell-fate specification, highlighting the delicate balance required for proper regeneration.
Researchers have discovered that PR55α, a regulatory subunit of PP2A phosphatase, inhibits p16 expression and blocks cellular senescence induction by γ-irradiation. This finding provides a new insight into the regulation of the p16/RB pathway in response to stressors.
A recent study reveals significant differences in intimate partner violence injury patterns across age groups, with adolescents experiencing a higher incidence of sexual assault and unique fracture patterns. Healthcare providers can use these findings to detect IPV in previously overlooked age groups, potentially preventing the cycle o...
The article reviews biomimetic curved artificial compound eyes (BCACEs), introducing parameters to evaluate their performance. Various fabrication methods and applications are discussed, highlighting the potential for BCACEs to transform micro-optical imaging systems.
A new study from the University of Vaasa highlights the importance of information resilience in coping with crises. The research emphasizes the need for a culture that accepts uncertainty and imperfection of knowledge to build trust and skills for action.
A study outlines a gas diffusion media (GDM) design that accelerates water transport and improves reaction gas transport in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, reducing the risk of flooding. The design creates a hydrophobicity gradient to enhance mass transfer ability.
Researchers propose combining osimertinib with gefitinib to increase progression-free survival rates in EGFR-mutant lung cancer patients. A comprehensive PC approach could dramatically boost PFS for 80% of patients, eliminating harm and improving treatment outcomes.
A study investigated the association between miR-492 rs2289030 G>C polymorphism and neuroblastoma susceptibility in Chinese children. The results showed no significant impact of the polymorphism on neuroblastoma risk, suggesting a need for further validation with larger samples.
Diatoms, a vital component of lake ecosystems, are facing declining ice cover due to warming temperatures. Researchers studied winter blooms in Lake Erie and found that some diatom species can form 'diatom ice cubes' that float to the surface and absorb light for photosynthesis.
A new study suggests that removing barriers to cervical cancer screening, surveillance, and diagnostic procedures can save lives and reduce disparities. If every eligible person gets the full screening and follow-up tests recommended, up to 23% fewer people would be diagnosed with cervical cancer and 20% fewer would die from it.
A new study finds that individual clinician differences play a significant role in how human radiologists perform with AI assistance. The research suggests that AI can boost performance for some doctors but harm others, highlighting the need for personalized assistive AI systems.
The Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center researchers will investigate the genetics behind endometrial cancer in Black women and its awareness among different populations. They aim to identify high-risk women, understand hereditary mutations, and raise physician awareness.
Salps are found to control microbial community structure and function by capturing a variety of microbe types, including Prochlorococcus. The study reveals that simple mechanical principles do not explain cell capture by salps, indicating a complex mechanism at play.
The Indian Institute of Science team developed a novel technique to fabricate structurally colored films with a liquid gallium metal and polydimethylsiloxane substrate. These films change color in response to mechanical deformation, showing potential applications in smart bandages, movement sensors, and reflective displays.
Research from Amsterdam UMC found that social activities like interactions and organised events prevent cognitive decline in long-term care residents. Participation in these activities offers a protective effect, particularly for those with little or no cognitive impairment.
Recent medications for Type 2 diabetes and weight loss have positive effects on cardiovascular and kidney health but are not always prescribed or accessible to those who need them. The studies highlight the need to address barriers to access and equity, particularly among Black adults with severe obesity.
Researchers developed MOTIF to predict immunotherapy response and guide combination therapy based on TMB-associated immune infiltration. High MOTIF scores correlate with patient responses to immunotherapy, while low scores indicate resistance.
A recent study in Florida found that nearly all farm workers were dehydrated at the end of their shifts and more than half remained dehydrated the following morning. The researchers emphasized the need for stricter federal regulations and smaller interventions to address this issue.
Researchers have identified a potential path to eliminate the viral reservoir that prevents people from being completely cured of HIV. A new drug candidate, called a proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC) molecule, triggers the degradation of the Nef protein, which suppresses HIV replication and restores immune system detection. This ...
In nerve cells, insulin facilitates the elimination of defective mitochondria when energy is available. However, during energy scarcity or disrupted insulin signaling, mitochondrial recycling is reduced, allowing potentially damaged power plants to continue operating. This process affects ageing processes and neurological diseases.
Intermediate volatility compounds contribute up to 70% of secondary organic aerosols in biomass-burning emissions, surpassing volatile organic compounds. The study used a newly-developed reactor to analyze the composition, concentration, and yield of IVOCs-generated aerosols.
A new study published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A reveals that Supreme Court decisions are significantly shaped by interactions within the court. The researchers found that justices' decisions result from a complex process of negotiation and influence, rather than personal views or ideological leanings.
A recent literature review discusses the underlying mechanisms of type 2 diabetes, including insulin resistance and b-cell failure. The review also explores potential therapeutic strategies, such as replenishing and regenerating b-cells, pancreas transplants, and stem cell-derived b-cells.
Researchers have created molecular crystal motors that move in response to light, using photoisomerization to drive coordinated movements. The motors show remarkable durability and resistance to corrosion, making them suitable for biomedical applications.
Scientists discovered an immune cell protein that can target and destroy fibrolamellar carcinoma, a rare liver cancer with a poor prognosis. T-cell therapy may effectively treat the disease by recognizing the fusion protein, providing a novel approach for FLC treatment.
The International Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research announced Enas Belal Abdellatif as the 2024 IADR Newell Johnson Travel Award winner. Abdellatif's research focuses on early childhood caries, oral epidemiology, and behavioral change interventions.
A randomized controlled trial found that exercise programmes reduced fatigue and improved quality of life for patients with metastatic breast cancer. The study showed the greatest benefit among younger patients, but also suggested that supervised exercise can be beneficial for all patients with advanced disease.
Researchers from Florida Atlantic University suggest that selecting an OTC medication for mild COVID-19 symptoms should be based on the entire benefit-to-risk profile of the patient. They caution against using traditional NSAIDs like ibuprofen and naproxen due to their similar but greater side effect profiles compared to aspirin.
A study from the University of Surrey suggests that anxiety in girls and young women is connected to an imbalance between GABA and glutamate. As young women mature, the levels of GABA increase while those of glutamate decrease, indicating a vital indicator of anxiety levels.
A comprehensive review of brain network analysis in Alzheimer's disease reveals intricate patterns and challenges. The study offers novel perspectives and insights, highlighting the pivotal role of brain networks in disease progression and uncovering opportunities for pioneering diagnostic tools and predictive models.
A new model, ABSCIM, simulates the behavior of individuals in response to conflict, estimating daily migrant outflows with high accuracy. The model provides valuable information on refugee demographics, including age, gender, and geographic origin, informing tailored aid responses.
A recent study by UFZ and AWI researchers found significant accumulations of plastics in the North Pacific Ocean, extending far beyond the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Microplastics were also discovered in a remote marine protected area northwest of Hawaii, challenging previous assumptions about their distribution.