Researchers teach two dogs to recognize the scent of trauma reactions on human breath, achieving 90% accuracy in discriminating between stressed and non-stressed samples. The study suggests that dogs may be able to detect stress VOCs linked to PTSD symptoms, potentially allowing them to interrupt episodes at an earlier stage.
A large study found that drinking more than one drink per day can increase the risk of coronary heart disease, especially among young to middle-aged women. The risk was highest among those who engaged in binge drinking, with women facing a 68% higher risk compared to moderate drinkers.
Scientists at The Florey have developed an mRNA technology approach to target the toxic protein tau, which builds up in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. This new method demonstrates that mRNA can serve purposes other than vaccine development, offering a promising alternative to conventional treatments.
A study by Duke University researchers found that manganese stimulates decomposition of soil organic matter and releases more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
A survey of 204 oncologists found that while patients should understand AI models, most agreed that patients should consent to their use. The study highlights the need for rigorous assessments of AI's impact on care decisions and patient autonomy.
A new study examines the impact of a pandemic course on COVID-19 knowledge and behaviors among university students. The course used an interdisciplinary approach to encourage safety behaviors while reiterating their importance.
Researchers mapped expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) across 38 cell types in the lung, revealing cell-type-specific and disease-associated genetic control of gene regulation. This understanding will aid in developing therapeutics targeting PF mechanisms.
Researchers suggest using DOM to assess freshwater chemodiversity and monitor pollution effects on ecosystem health. High-resolution mass spectrometry can help pinpoint pollution sources, including those in drinking water.
Dr. Lee's CNT transistor enables detailed examination of molecular interactions, capturing serotonin and dopamine movements with unprecedented sensitivity. The research paves the way for high-precision study of intermolecular interactions, potentially leading to precise medical technology capable of controlling biological systems.
A new bioluminescence imaging technique allows for real-time monitoring of oxygen concentration in the brain, revealing previously undetected areas of temporary hypoxia. The method enables researchers to study diseases associated with hypoxia, such as Alzheimer's and vascular dementia.
Researchers have discovered a mechanism in the brain that determines which memories are consolidated into permanent form during sleep. Sharp wave-ripples, a pattern of neural activity, are believed to be the key 'tagging' system that identifies important experiences and replays them during sleep.
A new study from the University of Texas at Austin suggests that fostering social connections among volunteers can help organizations recruit and retain scarce volunteers. Researchers analyzed data from a Chinese crowdsourcing platform and found that social connections were a powerful predictor of volunteer behavior, with findings appl...
A new study reveals how deep-seated geographic isolation drove divergent evolutionary paths among mammals, resulting in unique biodiversity patterns. The research highlights the crucial role of isolation in shaping modern ecosystems, with implications for conservation efforts and understanding the delicate balance of ecosystems.
Rice University engineers have demonstrated a way to control the optical properties of T centers, paving the way toward leveraging these point defects for building quantum nodes. By embedding a T center in a photonic integrated circuit, they increased the collection efficiency for single photon emission by two orders of magnitude.
Researchers developed a high-thermal-conductivity heat dissipation material with a moisture-reactive protective layer, overcoming limitations of existing magnesia materials. The breakthrough is seen as addressing moisture reaction issues and high sintering temperatures associated with low-cost heat dissipation materials.
Researchers at Kobe University identified differences in synaptic protein production between mice and marmosets during development. The study found that these differences may relate to evolutionary differences between rodent and primate brains, as well as their relevance to autism spectrum disorders.
Researchers have successfully transferred electron spin to photons, enabling rapid communication over long distances. This breakthrough could revolutionize optical telecommunications and pave the way for ultrafast communication between Earth and Mars.
Researchers discovered ERMA, a cellular transport 'pump', plays a crucial role in guiding magnesium to heart cells. Targeting ERMA could lead to new treatments for heart conditions by maintaining stable calcium balances.
A UK study found that individuals with multiple sclerosis had a seven times greater risk of hospitalization and a four-fold increased risk of dying from COVID-19, even after repeated doses of vaccines. Vaccination alone may not adequately protect this vulnerable population, highlighting the need for additional preventive measures.
Scientists discovered the molecular code for brain neural circuits and identified characteristics of excitatory synapses that contribute to memory of new object locations. Fine-tuning of specific excitatory synapse traits may be used in developing treatments for related brain developmental disorders.
Researchers reconstructed a Late Holocene-aged subfossil coral death assemblage and compared it to modern reefs in Southeast Florida. The study reveals significant differences in coral composition between the two periods, suggesting that modern reefs may not be able to support range expansions of temperature-sensitive species.
Researchers will employ a combination of molecular-scale modeling and experimental techniques to investigate fluid elasticity in nanopores. The team aims to develop new theoretical models for petroleum and water resource exploration, greenhouse gas sequestration, and other critical areas.
Scientists have created a novel organosilica membrane using imidazolium-type ionic liquids, achieving high selectivity and permeability in separating organic liquid mixtures. The findings suggest that this technology has the potential to replace energy-intensive distillation processes in chemical industries.
Researchers found that Amystrops sap beetles pollinate fragrant screw pines, contrary to previous assumptions about wind-pollination. The study also revealed floral thermogenesis in male and female flowers of Pandanus odorifer.
Researchers analyzed over 3,500 river basins worldwide, finding that precipitation was the sole determining factor in only 25% of flood events. Soil moisture and air temperature were decisive factors in around 10% and 3% of cases, respectively. The study suggests that more extreme floods are caused by multiple factors interacting.
The UK has committed $58.8 million to support the development of the EIC's detector and accelerator infrastructure, a seven-year international collaboration. The EIC aims to study the building blocks of nature, including quarks and gluons, to gain insights into the universe.
A team of researchers from Hiroshima University has discovered a molecule called AIbZIP that promotes the production of cancer cells in triple-negative breast cancer. This finding may lead to new therapeutic targets for the treatment of this aggressive form of breast cancer.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has awarded UC Davis Health a three-year, $3 million grant to support research into the causes and complexities of gun violence disproportionately impacting Black and Brown communities. The grant will focus on marginalized community violence prevention scholars, building diversity and developing progr...
A study published in PNAS Nexus found that granular supply chain data using VAT information can provide a more accurate estimate of economic impact in times of crises. This is particularly important for countries seeking to prepare better for armed conflicts, epidemics, or floods.
Research published in JAMA Network Open found that individuals with higher genetic risk of obesity need to walk more steps per day than those with lower risk to avoid becoming obese. Participants with a higher polygenic risk score required significantly more physical activity, with some needing up to 11,020 steps per day.
The University of Leeds says Africa needs significant investment in scientific infrastructure and science careers to adapt to climate change. Gaps in understanding the science behind tropical weather systems hinder African weather forecasting, leaving half the population without early warnings.
Researchers found that genetic variations in THC-metabolizing enzymes can influence how young adults experience cannabis, with slower metabolizers at higher risk for cannabis use disorder. The study suggests educating teens about the differences in cannabis effects could improve their understanding of risk factors.
Researchers create universal method for creating wearable electronics with increased sweat permeability, enabling reliable long-term monitoring of biosignals. The device allows for continuous and stable monitoring of vital signs without signal disruption from perspiration.
Scientists at Tohoku University create a tiny spot in glass using a tailored laser beam, enabling precise processing at scales below 100 nanometers. The breakthrough opens up new possibilities for laser nano-processing in various industries and scientific fields.
Researchers have developed an implantable battery that runs on the body's own oxygen, providing stable power and compatibility with biological systems. The device shows promise for powering medical devices, monitoring wound healing, and even starving cancer cells.
Researchers have discovered a rare dust particle trapped in an ancient meteorite that formed from a star other than the sun. The particle contains exceptionally high levels of magnesium isotopes, which can only be explained by formation in a hydrogen-burning supernova.
Researchers at the Organic Semiconductor Centre have proposed a new approach to designing efficient light-emitting materials. The guidelines developed by the team will help OLED researchers develop materials that maintain high efficiency at high brightness, enabling brighter, more colourful displays and lighting.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have found that two enzymes, APOBEC3C and APOBEC3D, promote resistance to chemotherapy drug gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. Removing these enzymes can kill cancer cells by stymieing DNA repair.
Research on aphantasia, a condition where people cannot visualize images in their mind's eye, reveals its subtypes and links to variations in physiology and behavior. A review of nearly 50 studies found that aphantasia is not a disorder but rather a variation in human experience with both advantages and disadvantages.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open reveals that high prices for new diabetes medicines limit access worldwide. The research proposes that increased generic and biosimilar competition could significantly reduce prices, making treatments more affordable.
A new study suggests that artificial intelligence can accurately locate lesions in the brain after a stroke, identifying which side of the brain is affected and specific brain regions. The AI model achieved high sensitivity and specificity rates, but its accuracy depends on the quality of available health history information.
Researchers developed an index to optimize picosecond laser treatment for skin blemishes, showing low complication rates and high efficacy. The wavelength-dependent indicators are expected to improve the safety and effectiveness of the treatment.
A study using a xenotransplantation model has revealed that human microglia respond to amyloid-β plaques with a complex immune response, influencing the disease course. The research highlights the importance of considering genetic factors in microglia-targeted therapies for Alzheimer's disease.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that sleeping less than seven hours a day increases the risk of developing high blood pressure, with females facing a greater risk. The study pooled data from 16 studies and found that short sleep duration was significantly associated with a higher risk of hypertension.
An investigation by The BMJ found that most NHS trusts in England did not make derogation requests due to concerns around patient safety. However, some trusts warned of potential harm to patients from cancelling operations at the last minute and short staffing, leading to rejected requests.
Researchers created a highly accurate reference genome for sugarcane, enabling them to study its genes and pathways in detail. The study found that specific genes confer resistance to the brown rust disease, which can devastate sugar crops.
Researchers developed a new tool to study adult neural stem cells, identifying their dormant state and behavior. By analyzing autofluorescence signatures, they can study the aging process and neurological diseases.
Individuals at high genetic risk of obesity needed higher daily step counts to reduce obesity risk. Population-based recommendations may underestimate physical activity needed among those at high genetic risk.
A Bar-Ilan University study found that older adult Israelis showed remarkable resilience during the conflict, with lower rates of acute stress and PTSD symptoms compared to younger adults. The study suggests that life experience, emotional regulation capabilities, and coping mechanisms played a significant role in this resilience.
The study found that obesity rates have nearly tripled in adult men and doubled in women since 1990. The prevalence of malnutrition is now the most common form of malnutrition globally, affecting nearly 880 million adults and 160 million children. Obesity can lead to comorbidities like high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes.
Researchers investigate degradation mechanisms of proton exchange membrane fuel cells in automotive settings, highlighting chemical breakdown, corrosion, and mechanical wear. The study introduces pioneering approaches to enhance the lifespan and durability of PEMFCs, offering new perspectives for commercializing clean technology.
A global meta-analysis reveals nearly a third of people with insecure migration status experience interpersonal, community, and state physical violence. Almost as many report intimate partner violence, highlighting the need for targeted support and protection measures.
A study of over 10,000 adults found that physical activity is associated with a lower risk of chronic pain and reduced severe pain severity. Higher activity levels are linked to increased pain tolerance, which explains the protective effect.
Researchers have introduced a refined method for analyzing brain signals, providing a more detailed understanding of the brain's complex activity. This enhancement enables scientists to better understand how brain activity correlates with different tasks and behaviors.
A new study by the University of Southampton found that a commonly used questionnaire for monitoring depression treatment in primary care does not provide immediate benefits. However, patients who tracked their scores reported improved overall wellbeing and quality of life after six months.
A new study on comets suggests that Kuiper Belt Objects like Arrokoth may contain ancient ices from billions of years ago. Researchers found a domino effect where the object's interior gets colder, preserving volatile gases for billions of years.
Researchers develop AI-powered method to rapidly predict multiple protein configurations, understanding protein dynamics and functions. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize drug discovery by uncovering more targets for new treatments.
The Indian Institute of Science has developed new concrete materials using excavated soil, reducing the need for natural sand and minimizing carbon dioxide emissions. The innovative materials show improved compressive strength and reduced waste, offering a scalable solution to the construction sector's environmental challenges.
A new study presents a novel surgical technique for treating Moebius syndrome, a rare condition that prevents smiling and affects social engagement. The technique involves utilizing the ipsilateral facial nerve to power gracilis free functional muscle transfer in select patients with residual facial nerve activity.
Researchers found that dwarf rock-wallabies have adaptations to harder biting, including shorter snouts and teeth positioned at the back of the jaw. They also discovered that some tiny species of rock-wallaby have the largest molars, which enable them to eat similar foods as relatives that are eight times larger.