Researchers at Stanford Medicine and McMaster University developed a generative AI model called SyntheMol that creates recipes for chemists to synthesize novel antibiotics. The model generated six compounds with high potential to kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Acinetobacter baumannii, E. coli, and MRSA.
A nationwide Swedish study reveals a bidirectional link between premenstrual disorders (PMS/PMDD) and perinatal depression. Women with PMS/PMDD are five times more likely to experience perinatal depression, while those with perinatal depression are twice as likely to develop PMS/PMDD.
Researchers found that greater insecurity and anxiety trigger overly optimistic thinking, which can prevent people from taking necessary actions. Interventions reduced wishful thinking by making patterns easier to recognize or offering higher rewards for correct answers.
Researchers propose a biased edge enhancement method to preserve and enhance higher-order connectivity in hypergraphs with fragmentation issues. Extensive experiments show that the method effectively addresses fragmentation problems and outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Researchers discovered that mature oligodendrocytes, critical for brain function, can survive for up to 45 days after a fatal trauma, defying the classical programmed cell-death pathway. This finding opens new avenues for understanding and potentially preventing damage caused by aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
Scientists from the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research observed spotted hyenas chasing and devouring flying birds at a waterhole in Namibia. They found that a single hyena can catch one bird every three minutes, adding to the known variety of their diet and hunting tactics.
Researchers from the University of Washington created an AI algorithm to analyze infant poses using limited training data. By leveraging generative AI, they were able to produce high-quality results, enabling parents to monitor their babies' daily activities and detect potential health issues early.
Researchers reconstructed Emperor Wu's face using DNA from his remains, finding he had brown eyes and dark to intermediate skin. The study also suggests the emperor's death at age 36 may be linked to a stroke.
Researchers developed a high-efficiency catalyst that converts carbon dioxide into ethylene using vitamin C. The catalyst promotes the formation of essential intermediate product carbon monoxide at high current density, overcoming existing electrochemical catalyst limitations.
A new survey reveals that US landfills are emitting substantial amounts of methane, a key contributor to global warming. The study found that point-source emissions account for a significant proportion of total emissions, with some landfills experiencing persistent activity for months or even years.
According to the study, AEDs were only used in 13 of nearly 1,800 cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, despite many incidents occurring within a four-minute walk of a public AED. Cardiac arrests outside of a hospital setting are usually fatal but administering CPR and using an AED greatly increases the chances of survival.
A new bioluminescence imaging technique allows researchers to observe oxygen movement in the brains of mice in real-time, providing insights into diseases such as Alzheimer's and strokes. The method reveals that small areas of the brain, called 'hypoxic pockets,' can be denied oxygen for brief periods, increasing risk for these diseases.
A new analysis of adolescent TV and film on Netflix suggests that the platform often trivializes pain by focusing on violent acts, while neglecting more common experiences like back pain and menstrual cramps. The study highlights the need for more realistic and diverse representations of pain sufferers.
A USC study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 causes a stage of mild symptoms followed by severe inflammation in some patients. The virus exploits two different pathways to interact with immune cells, one leading to inflammation and the other preventing it.
Researchers identified four weight-gain trajectories and factors associated with rapid or gradual weight gain, including age, sex, ethnicity, and baseline body mass index scores.
Researchers have developed a new open-source algorithm called Conditional Variational Diffusion Model (CVDM) that improves the quality of images by reconstructing them from randomness. The CVDM is computationally less expensive than established diffusion models and can be easily adapted for various applications.
A new telerehabilitation program has shown promising results in improving lower extremity recovery post-stroke. Participants experienced improvements in mobility and strength, as well as gained self-management skills to empower themselves and maintain their achievements.
Researchers at Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins Medicine developed a new method for analyzing walking and gait using free software and cellphone videos. This approach is more accessible and quicker than current state-of-the-art methods, enabling clinicians to assess patients' walking abilities more conveniently.
The team determined the maximum density of neutral particles beyond the edge of a plasma that still allows for a flat-edge temperature profile, enabling stable fusion. They found that going beyond this threshold can lead to instabilities and a peaked temperature profile.
A new study in Health Data Science leverages keywords from Google Trends alongside research abstracts from the WHO COVID-19 database to dissect the pandemic's discourse dynamics. Academics respond faster and provide more detailed insights than GT, enriching policy formulation.
Researchers at Caltech have demonstrated quantum Barkhausen noise, which is the collection of little magnets flipping in groups. This effect is caused by quantum tunneling and co-tunneling, leading to macroscopic changes in magnetization, even without classical effects.
Researchers at DGIST have developed a new manufacturing technology that enables the production of high-quality oxide films and effective patterning at low temperatures. The technology is expected to be used in next-generation computing systems, overcoming existing shortcomings.
International experts, led by Professor Lidia Morawska, recommend setting standards for ventilation rate and three key indoor pollutants to improve indoor air quality. The recommended standards could help minimize the spread of airborne diseases like COVID-19 and contribute to achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.
US physicians received over $12 billion in industry payments between 2013 and 2022, with the largest amounts going to a small number of doctors. Payments varied widely across specialties, with some receiving over $1 million.
Nematode worms can learn to avoid harmful bacteria by exposure to bacterial RNA, and pass on this behavior to future generations. This phenomenon, known as transgenerational inheritance, persists for four generations.
Researchers developed a simple, efficient chemical leaching strategy to extract active lithium from retired batteries. The method optimizes solvent and process parameters for high recovery rates and minimal environmental pollution.
A new iron-based phosphate cathode material has been developed with improved reversible capacity and energy density, enabling fast-charge capability and superior cycling performance. The material uses a bi-phase intergrowth heterogeneous structure to activate the inert phase, achieving high capacity and long cycle life.
Scientists at the University of California San Diego have identified a biochemical pathway that continually surveils mitosis timing and eliminates potentially problematic cells. The 'stopwatch' mechanism uses protein p53 to track cell division time, labeling sequentially delayed divisions as risky.
Researchers have developed a new synthetic material called fluorine-assisted mucus surrogates (FAMS) to improve ease and reduce cost of gut microbiome research. FAMS are made from inexpensive materials and can be generated using standard laboratory hardware, allowing for broader adoption into lab settings.
Island nations like New Zealand could reduce dependence on imported fuels by producing biofuel from locally grown crops like canola. This would ensure a supply for the country's bare minimum agricultural liquid fuel needs, even in the event of a major disruption.
Household consumption in China drives distinct urban-rural air pollution-related mortality, with rural areas facing higher health risks. Indirect and direct consumption activities contribute to pollution, with urban households bearing more risk from indirect pollution, and less from direct pollution.
A new study by Brigham researchers found that patients frequently turn to Twitter for contraception guidance, with a small fraction coming from health professionals. The study suggests opportunities for healthcare professionals to use social media to share accurate information and improve patient outcomes.
Researchers discovered a protein complex that eliminates potentially harmful cells over time by measuring the duration of mitosis. The Mitotic Stopwatch Complex starts forming after prolonged mitosis and triggers cell arrest or death, providing new insights into cancer development.
A groundbreaking study reveals that targeting cholesterol metabolism can mitigate Zika virus-induced ocular pathology, offering promising therapeutic strategies. Researchers identified ABCG1 and SREBP-2 as key players in the pathway, and treatments with LXR agonists or SREBP-2 inhibitors showed promise in animal models.
Researchers at DGIST have created highly durable brain electrodes made of soft and elastic materials, sticking well to the curved brain surface. These electrodes can maintain stable performance over long-term use, enabling various applications in brain–machine interfaces and electronic medical devices.
The KEDD framework integrates structured and unstructured knowledge to enhance predictive accuracy in AI-driven drug discovery. It outperforms existing models in critical tasks, including the 'missing modality problem', by leveraging sparse attention and modality masking techniques.
A study by Washington State University found that cats with the MDR1 genetic mutation are at high risk of experiencing serious adverse effects from products containing eprinomectin. Cats without this mutation appear safe when using these products, but many cases of severe reactions have been reported.
A new study by Karolinska Institutet researchers has identified the protein on cell surfaces that the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus uses to enter human cells. This discovery is crucial in developing effective treatments and vaccines for the deadly disease, which can cause up to 40% mortality rate.
Researchers used bioluminescent oxygen indicator to track pO2 changes in mouse cortical astrocytes, finding transient hypoxic pockets that lasted several seconds to minutes and decreased with exercise. The findings suggest physical inactivity may directly affect tissue pO2 by favoring capillary occlusions.
Low HPV vaccine uptake among US adults aged 27-45 is a concern, particularly for men and Hispanic individuals. Experts stress the need to address disparities in vaccination rates to prevent cancer cases.
An AI tool developed by researchers at the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust correctly identified lethal ventricular arrhythmia in 80% of cases. The tool performed well compared to current medical guidelines, suggesting a novel approach for determining patient risk and appropriate treatment.
A team of scientists has unveiled a new gecko species, Cnemaspis vangoghi, named after Vincent Van Gogh's iconic painting The Starry Night. The species was discovered in the Southern Western Ghats of India and features striking colouration reminiscent of one of the artist's most famous works.
A Danish study found that PrEP use was associated with a more than twofold increase in chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis diagnoses. The researchers suggest that changes in sexual risk-taking may lead people to seek PrEP rather than increased risks.
Researchers discovered that tight junctions regulate conformation change of ZO-1 protein in response to mechanical force, enabling cells to resist stress. This finding highlights the importance of tight junctions in maintaining body integrity under mechanical stress.
Researchers found a strong bidirectional relationship between premenstrual disorders and perinatal depression among over 900,000 women. Women with perinatal depression were more likely to develop premenstrual disorders after pregnancy and childbirth.
A survey of 473 patients found that those who used social media to gather information scored higher in patient empowerment categories. Facebook and RealSelf platforms were associated with increased empowerment in treatment options. Plastic surgeons are encouraged to engage with and contribute to social media to promote patient autonomy.
The experts recommend setting standards for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, PM2.5, and ventilation rate to ensure adequate indoor air quality in public spaces. A CO2 concentration level of 800ppm is proposed with a focus on removing and diluting human-emitted pollutants.
Researchers successfully identified the historical remains of George Washington's grandnephews and their mother using new DNA sequencing technologies. The study's findings will aid in identifying service members lost during past conflicts, including those from World War II.
The team of Professor Jeongho Kwak from DGIST developed a 'VisionScaling' algorithm that combines accuracy and efficiency for 6G vision services, reducing energy consumption by at least 30% while maintaining average accuracy. The algorithm adapts to changing mobile environments using Online Convex Optimization (OCO) techniques.
The UK's 2022 drought, the worst since 1976, emphasized the importance of early mitigation measures due to its rapid onset and extensive impacts on water resources, wildlife, and people. Improved monitoring and forecasting systems can help prevent similar extreme weather events in the future.
A new machine learning tool, PO-AKID-teller, can accurately predict patients at risk of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis after aortic dissection surgery. The model provides an interpretable explanation of the predicted risk, enabling clinicians to make informed decisions.
A recent study published in Phytobiomes Journal found that non-native crop viruses are infecting and harming wild desert plants. Infection rates with the virus CABYV reached as high as 88% in some populations, causing visible impacts on plant growth and root health.
A UK feasibility study suggests that a carbon credit scheme could support private investment in saltmarsh restoration, providing vital habitat for wildlife and addressing the climate crisis. The introduction of a Saltmarsh Code would pave the way for projects with public financing to contribute to restoration efforts.
Researchers found that a simple pre-surgical infection prevention protocol involving povidone-iodine and skin antisepsis significantly reduced severe surgical site infections. The protocol eradicated Staphylococcus aureus in nearly 40% of patients, with a three-fold risk of developing an SSI associated with its presence within a day af...
Researchers will explore health effects of fire exposure in the wildland-urban interface, measuring exposure risk and evaluating effective interventions such as rapid reporting of data and improved personal protective equipment. The study aims to reduce firefighter health risks and improve overall public health responses.
Researchers from Kyushu University found that ocean-atmosphere coupling enhances teleconnection patterns, leading to more meandering jet streams and extreme weather events. The study highlights the significance of extratropical ocean-atmosphere interactions in climate variability.
The American College of Lifestyle Medicine has published the first performance measures to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle medicine treatments. The standards aim to facilitate the broader integration of lifestyle medicine into healthcare by documenting remission and long-term progress. The 32 proposed performance measures cover v...
Microbiota analysis involves examining the composition, diversity, abundance, distribution, evolution and functions of microorganisms. By analyzing the microbiota, we can gain invaluable insights for disease diagnosis, predict disease progression and tailor treatments to individual needs.
The study investigates various biomaterials for bone defect repair, including autologous, allogeneic, and growth factor materials. These materials offer improved biocompatibility and strength, with potential solutions for enhancing soft tissue thickness.
A recent review highlights the positive effects of caloric restriction on cardiovascular health, linked to sirtuin activation and improved lipid metabolism. The study suggests that caloric restriction regulates metabolic processes via NAD+ levels, activating SIRT1 and modulating cardio-protective pathways.