New research finds that AI explanations can fuel a perception of fairness without being grounded in accuracy or equity. Humans were more likely to override AI recommendations when explanations highlighted gender rather than task-relevance, but this did not improve decision-making accuracy.
A study by UC Davis found that 83% of products in Berkeley stores were compliant with the healthy checkout policy one year after its implementation, a 63% improvement. Healthy foods and beverages at checkout more than doubled from 29% to 62%.
A study found that 46% of advertising complaints were due to concerns about the wellbeing of children, while graphic portrayals accounted for 20%. Researchers call on advertisers to test their ads with vulnerable groups and regulators to consider different management strategies. Charities had the most complained-about adverts, followed...
Researchers analyzed lake macroinvertebrate fauna, particularly chironomids, to reconstruct the lake's natural state. This helps establish a reference point for conservation purposes, as significant changes occurred during the economic boom and fish stocking.
A new interpretable deep learning modeling architecture, LACG, is proposed to handle complex variable interactions in chemical processes. It achieves high-accuracy modeling results via the coupling of three sub-modules based on underlying logics. The model outperforms widely used neural networks in terms of interpretability.
Researchers at Jackson Laboratory have developed a non-intrusive method to accurately and continuously measure mouse body mass using computer vision. This approach reduces stress associated with traditional weighing techniques, improving data accuracy and reproducibility.
Researchers found that macrophages induce cancer cell apoptosis and then eat away dead cells after BCG vaccine injection in a new animal model. This breakthrough could lead to more effective bladder cancer treatments.
Scientists at Lehigh University are using mayonnaise to study Rayleigh-Taylor instability and its transition to a plastic regime. The researchers aim to better understand the physics of nuclear fusion through this unconventional approach.
Research from the University of Virginia School of Medicine reveals that nearly a quarter of children with recurrent wheezing have undetected lung infections that do not respond to commonly prescribed steroids. The study suggests that antiviral medications such as azithromycin may be a more effective treatment for these cases.
Researchers at Houston Methodist have developed a more accurate way to deliver life-saving drug therapies to the brain, using an electric field to infuse medicine into specific targets. This innovation has the potential to improve gene therapy and tumor treatment, as well as treatment for traumatic brain injury and degenerative diseases.
Researchers created Mindful Scroll, a mobile app that uses geometric shapes and soothing colours to encourage mindfulness. The app reduces anxiety and increases mindfulness in users, promoting healthier scrolling habits.
A new study published in PLOS Computational Biology found that prioritizing older individuals for booster vaccination consistently leads to the best public health outcomes, regardless of economic level or age category. This strategy is more effective than vaccinating younger individuals with the most contacts.
Researchers found that controlling oxygen intake by adjusting stirring rates produces stable fluorescent silver nanoclusters. The study enhances understanding of nanostructure properties, paving the way for tailored nanomaterials with broader applications.
Researchers analyzed 51,000 transplants and found rejection and graft failure rates were similar for toxoplasma-positive and negative donor kidneys. The study suggests it is safe to transplant toxoplasma-positive kidneys with additional monitoring, potentially increasing the supply of donor kidneys.
Researchers from the University of Ottawa and Carleton University have re-examined the carbon in 3.9-billion-year-old Canadian rocks, challenging previous interpretations that they showed signs of biological life. The study found that graphite in these rocks may have formed without organic life through a carbon-extraction process.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine discover a new way to improve HSC mobilization for clinical use. Trogocytosis, a mechanism where one cell type extracts membrane fractions from another, plays a role in regulating immune responses and cellular systems.
A new study found that 40Hz sensory stimulation preserves myelination, protects oligodendrocytes, and sustains electrical signal transmission in the brains of mice with cuprizone-induced myelin loss. The researchers also identified molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits.
A recent study found that the 2023 Greenland megatsunami generated a week-long oscillating wave in Dickson Fjord, revealing new insights into seiche dynamics. The research also sheds light on the impacts of landslides in Greenland and similar regions around the world.
A research team at City University of Hong Kong has developed next-generation printable perovskite solar cells with higher efficiency, stability, and lower production costs. These cells can be manufactured using a 'printing' process, reducing energy consumption and processing steps compared to traditional silicon-based solar cells.
Two proposed UK space missions, led by the University of Leicester, will investigate the Sun's impact on atmospheres, space weather and habitability. Elfen will study Earth's magnetosphere, while SIRIUS will analyze stellar winds and their effects on exoplanetary environments.
A nearly continuous 1268-meter-long drill core of serpentinized abyssal mantle peridotite has provided new insights into Earth's deep geology and the potential biogeochemical conditions involved in the origins of life. The findings reveal significant mineralogical variations, including low pyroxene content and oblique melt migration.
A cohort study found an association between cannabis-related disorder and the development of head and neck cancer. The study highlights the need for further research on the mechanism of this association and dose response to support evidence of cannabis use as a risk factor.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found elevated risks of specific eating disorders among women with PCOS, including bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The study highlights the importance of screening for eating disorders in this population.
Researchers have discovered massive enzymes in marine algae that produce fish-killing toxins. The discovery expands expectations of genetic and enzymatic size limits in biology, revealing how microalgae biosynthesize giant polyketide polyether molecules.
A novel application of repurposed COVID-19 rapid antigen tests combines lateral flow assays with machine learning to evaluate coagulation status in cardiovascular care. The approach enables clinicians to perform immediate and accurate anticoagulant dosing adjustments using existing resources.
Researchers at UC San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography have discovered the largest protein yet identified, PKZILLA-1, which builds toxic algal toxins. The finding could enhance monitoring efforts for prymnesin-producing golden algae blooms and unlock potential for new medicines.
Researchers identified a potential antigen for TCR recognition in melanoma, suggesting that RNLS protein could be recognized by T cells leading to local immune responses against the cancer. The study found that chemical complementarity between melanoma-resident TCR CDR3s and renalase-1 protein correlates with increased melanoma survival.
A study found that microwaves contain a unique microbial community, comprising 747 different genera, which resembles those on solar panels and kitchen surfaces. The diversity of the microbiome varies between single-household kitchens, shared domestic spaces, and laboratory microwaves.
Researchers analyzed fossilized tooth roots of ancient mammals, finding growth rings that revealed lifespans of eight to fourteen years. These early mammals grew more slowly but lived substantially longer than their modern descendants.
A study by Rutgers University found that indirect gun violence exposure significantly hurts quality of life. Witnessing or hearing about a shooting in the neighborhood was associated with a decrease in overall quality of life and well-being across five domains.
Researchers discovered that infected bacteria produce a new gene, dubbed 'Neo', which rapidly arrests cell growth and induces programmed dormancy. This mechanism protects the larger bacterial population from phage infection, highlighting the potential for other 'hidden' genes to be unearthed in different biological contexts.
A trial at UT Health San Antonio found that Sacituzumab Govitecan was well-tolerated and showed signs of effectiveness for patients with breast cancer who had progressed to brain tumors. The drug has been shown to deliver a topoisomerase inhibitor into tumors, providing promising clinical signals of efficacy.
Researchers at the University of Bologna have identified a specific location and genomic context where DNA breaks occur due to topoisomerase I inhibition. This discovery could lead to new cancer treatments by inducing DNA damage and genomic instability in cancer cells.
A new multi-site randomized-controlled study evaluates an innovative healthy relationships program for teens. The study found the program may have influenced abstinence but not relationship communication, highlighting the need for tailored program components to address unique environmental contexts.
A March 2022 weather event in Antarctica caused record-high death rates for invertebrate organisms. The event, which resulted in a massive thaw, was studied to understand its impact on the ecosystem and predict future responses to climate change.
A study on wild tomato species reveals that a plant's vigor plays a significant role in its salt tolerance. The researchers found correlations between traits like transpiration rate, shoot mass, and ion accumulation with plant performance under salt stress.
A new EU study suggests that focusing on citizens' needs rather than economic growth is crucial for achieving sustainable lifestyles. The research identifies the economic growth paradigm as a major barrier to transformation, and recommends a needs-oriented approach to ensure well-being and sustainability.
A new study found that autistic youth born in underserved neighborhoods are more likely to have greater ADHD symptoms. The Child Opportunity Index, which tracks neighborhood traits, was used to assess the relationship between environment and ADHD symptoms.
The Segment Anything Model has achieved significant breakthroughs in image segmentation, leveraging its data engine methodology and vast datasets. Researchers have proposed improvements and applications for the model, showcasing its versatility across various tasks and domains.
A study found that perceived gratitude from romantic partners and older children positively impacts individuals' psychological well-being and reduces parenting stress. Expressing gratitude within the family can promote a climate of appreciation, teaching children to acknowledge others' efforts.
A recent study found that high nitrogen fertilizer application significantly enhances soil carbon sequestration, primarily through vertical transport of organic matter. This redistribution leads to a greater distribution of new organic carbon in deeper soil layers, resulting in increased soil carbon storage.
A recent study analyzed genomic diversity in 17 indigenous Peruvian groups, revealing significant genetic variations between Andeans and Amazonians. These differences can impact drug response and dosing, highlighting the need for inclusive genomics research to ensure equitable healthcare outcomes.
Researchers found that sensory neurons secrete a neuropeptide driving cancer growth and spread through a previously unknown neuro-cancer crosstalk. An FDA-approved drug may prevent metastasis in breast cancer instances. The study suggests targeting this pathway to stop breast cancer progression.
Researchers at Michigan State University discovered a protein pair, BAP2 and IRE1, that work together to regulate the response to ER stress in plants. This finding has significant implications for breeding crops more resilient to drought and heat conditions.
A Stanford Medicine study found that premature babies who received more skin-to-skin care had stronger neurodevelopmental performance at 1 year. The intervention was simple: a parent holding the baby on their chest with only a diaper on.
A recent study found that cerebral palsy adults have a very high occurrence of pain, with 86.3% experiencing nociceptive pain and 45.8% experiencing nociplastic pain. Accurate identification of pain type and source is critical for proper treatment.
A Rutgers study found that the genetic makeup of adolescent peers can have long-term consequences for an individual's risk of developing substance use disorders, depression, and anxiety. The study used Swedish national data to assess peer social genetic effects for several psychiatric disorders.
A new study found that adding a ninth psychological health metric to Life's Essential 8 strongly predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The enhanced score showed up to 70% lower mortality risk compared to the original eight metrics.
Researchers discover a gene drive system, Teosinte Pollen Drive (TPD), that enables the quick transfer of traits from teosinte to maize. This finding sheds light on corn's rapid adaptation to the highlands and has significant implications for agriculture.
Discrepancies in e-cigarette products containing nicotine analogues may lead to uncertainty about user exposure, hindering risk assessment for clinical and regulatory purposes. The largely unknown acute and chronic inhalation hazards and addictive potential of nicotine analogues pose a significant concern.
A recent study found that 60% of birds surviving building collisions die during rehabilitation, contributing to a staggering number of fatalities. The authors estimate US bird collision deaths could reach over 1 billion annually.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have conducted a Phase 2 UNITY clinical trial involving pregnant women with a history of very severe HDFN. Nipocalimab was found to prevent and mitigate the disease without causing serious side effects in the mother or fetus.
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine has identified the challenges and opportunities involved in overcoming barriers to increased research participation by diverse populations. The report emphasizes the importance of enhancing diversity in clinical trials to improve health equity and elevate the quality of care ...
A recent study from Swansea University found that high levels of allogrooming were followed by higher physiological stress levels in wild female baboons, contrary to expectations. However, long-term positive effects of grooming on health and fitness remain consistent with previous research.
Researchers have developed a novel deconvolution method called multi-resolution analysis (MRA) that improves image quality without introducing artifacts, allowing for high-fidelity imaging of cells and their processes. The approach capitalizes on the physical properties of excited fluorophores to distinguish useful signals from noise.
Researchers at Auburn University are developing a new instrument to characterize respiratory aerosols, which can transport viruses over longer distances. The technique uses fluorescence to analyze particles sensitive to pH, viscosity, and phase state.
Scientists have overturned long-held assumptions in new research that finds water can be a help for adhesion. Water was found to increase adhesion by nearly four times during detachment, contrary to expectations. This breakthrough has profound implications for industries such as biomedical applications and advanced adhesives.
A new study by top researchers reveals one in five children with an older sibling diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are likely to be diagnosed with the disorder as well. The rate of autism recurrence is seven times higher in families with an autistic child compared to the general population.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory and Cornell University have developed a new method for measuring atomic strain in diamond using X-ray imagery. By correlating spin and strain properties, the team created an equation that relates these two phenomena, opening up new avenues for quantum sensing.
Scientists at the University of Texas at Austin have developed a way to fingerprint organofluorine compounds, also known as 'forever chemicals', allowing them to be traced back to their source. The new technique uses nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and computational tools to identify unique carbon isotope patterns in each molec...