Research on what raises a person's risk of disease and injury. Covers cardiovascular and aneurysm risk, medication in pregnancy, youth behavior, and suicide risk.
A study of 417 middle-aged women found that modest weight loss over two years reduced risk factors for heart disease and diabetes. Women who sustained a 10% or more weight loss benefited the most from this reduction in risk factors.
Patients undergoing cardiac surgery have a substantially higher risk of depression if they are physically inactive, with 58% of those at-risk progressing to clinical depression. Inactive patients also experience double the risk of depressive symptoms before surgery and postoperatively.
A study found that female prisoners in England and Wales self-harmed at an alarming rate, with women accounting for roughly half of all incidents. Self-harm was associated with a higher risk of suicide, particularly among male inmates.
A research team has discovered a second rare genetic mutation that strongly increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease in later life. The mutation is found in the Phospholipase D3 (PLD3) gene, which influences amyloid precursor protein processing and may be a potential therapeutic target.
Researchers identify diverse genetic risk factors for osteosarcoma in dogs, including known human cancer genes and novel findings. The study sheds light on the disease's mechanisms and potential connections to human bone cancer.
A study found that 14% of veterinarians burn out within 10 years of qualifying, with women being almost twice as likely to experience burn-out, and reaching it faster. The causes include job demands and low self-efficacy among female vets.
A new risk-scoring tool helps surgeons counsel patients before breast reconstruction surgery. Smoking and obesity are associated with a higher risk of early implant loss, while a state of progressive obesity increases the risk even further.
Researchers found compelling evidence that gout clusters in families, with a significant increase in risk for those with first and second-degree relatives affected. The study also highlights the role of shared environmental factors, such as diet and lifestyle, in predisposing individuals to gout.
A new study published in Biological Psychiatry found that patients with PTSD are at higher risk of cardiac ischemia, with no correlation to other cardiovascular risk factors. Researchers detected elevated rates of myocardial ischemia in 17% of participants with PTSD, highlighting the need for tailored treatments.
A large study identifies genetic variants that contribute to the progression of chronic kidney disease in African Americans. APOL1 risk variants were found to be associated with higher rates of end-stage renal disease and progression of chronic kidney disease among black patients compared to white patients, regardless of diabetes status.
A study identified factors associated with uncomplicated pregnancies, including high fruit intake before pregnancy and being in paid employment during pregnancy. These findings suggest that targeted interventions promoting healthy choices may increase the likelihood of normal pregnancy outcomes.
A structured weight reduction program significantly reduced atrial fibrillation symptoms, episodes, and cumulative duration in minutes compared to a control group. Patients who participated in the weight management program experienced greater reductions in weight and cardiometabolic risk factors.
Pancreatic cancer death rates have increased in whites but decreased in African Americans over the past few decades. The study found that while smoking prevalence has decreased in both groups, other risk factors such as obesity and low vegetable intake may be contributing to the rising mortality rates in whites.
A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine reveals that obese older women are more likely to die before the age of 85. The study also found that a larger waist circumference is associated with an increased risk of early death and major chronic disease.
A large population study found that being overweight or obese is a significant risk factor for heart disease, regardless of the presence of metabolic syndrome. The study suggests that achieving and maintaining a healthy weight is crucial in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Hospital admission during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of serious blood clots (venous thromboembolism), with a particularly high rate among women aged 35 and over. Women hospitalized for three or more days also face an increased risk.
A new study from the University of Iowa found that affluent girls in two-parent homes are less likely to be sexually assaulted. The research revealed a decline in risk once family income reaches 400% of the poverty threshold, with girls aged 4-17 experiencing a significant reduction in assault risk.
A Swedish study reveals that many heart failure patients are undertreated, with high mortality rates associated with poor pump capacity, kidney function, blood count, and lack of ACE inhibitors and beta blockers. The study suggests referring these patients to heart failure specialists for evaluation and treatment.
Visceral Leishmaniasis is a severe disease causing spleen, liver, and bone marrow damage if untreated. In Brazil's largest cities, like Belo Horizonte, VL cases are on the rise, with high fatality rates despite available diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers found a significant association between longer duration of HIV infection and increased risk for atherosclerosis, regardless of antiretroviral therapy. The study suggests that inflammatory imbalance may play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis in HIV patients.
A resurgence in swaddling has raised concerns about developmental hip problems in babies, with a link to osteoarthritis and hip replacement in middle age. Swaddling can be safe if done correctly, but delaying natural development of the hip joints is a risk factor.
Researchers identified 11 new genes associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease, including SORL1 and CASS4, which affect amyloid and tau protein accumulation. The study also found connections between these genes and inflammation, synaptic function, and brain cell activity.
Research finds obesity may significantly increase the risk of C. difficile infection, particularly in those with no prior healthcare exposure. Additionally, patients with inflammatory bowel disease are also at higher risk, highlighting the need for improved clinical surveillance and monitoring.
A new study found that young black women in Southeastern Michigan have the highest rate of developing lupus and are more likely to experience serious health complications. Lupus prevalence was three times higher among black females compared to white women, with a higher risk of kidney and neurologic complications.
Stroke cases among young and middle-aged people have increased by 25% over the last 20 years, with the total number projected to double by 2030. The global burden of stroke is expected to more than double worldwide due to rising disability and premature death.
The American College of Physicians recommends against routine screening for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in asymptomatic adults without risk factors. In contrast, patients with hypertension and stage 1-3 CKD should be treated with ACE inhibitors or ARBs to manage elevated low-density lipoprotein levels. The evidence review suggests tha...
The American College of Physicians (ACP) recommends against routine screening for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in asymptomatic adults, citing the potential harms of testing. ACP also advises against treating patients with stage 1-3 CKD with combination therapy, due to increased risk of adverse effects.
A study of wild mice found they prefer to sleep and eat near used nesting material and droppings, outweighing risk of disease. This contrasts with clean-living domesticated animals, which tend to avoid dirt due to plentiful food and reduced predator risks.
Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis are at increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease, particularly those with severe disease. Closer monitoring and careful consideration of medications are recommended for this patient population.
Researchers studied over 4,000 Kaiser Permanente patients who underwent bariatric surgery for weight loss to determine the factors leading to remission of metabolic syndrome. Women, non-Hispanic whites were more likely to experience metabolic syndrome subside than Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks.
A new study published in Diabetologia found associations between lifestyle factors and mortality risk differ less between individuals with and without diabetes. Those with diabetes may benefit more from healthy diet but recommendations are likely to be similar
A national study by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital suggests that reducing risk factors such as hypertension can lower the risk of heart disease in childhood cancer survivors as they age. The study found that survivors with normal blood pressure were at a five-fold increased risk of coronary artery disease, highlighting the impor...
A study published in JAMA found that emergency surgery, advanced cardiac disease, and a revised cardiac risk index score greater than 2 are strongly associated with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after noncardiac surgery. The study suggests delaying necessary noncardiac surgery may pose a clinical dilemma for patients.
The American Heart Association recommends treating unhealthy behaviors like smoking and poor diet as aggressively as high blood pressure. Healthcare providers should implement the five A's to connect patients with specialists and arrange follow-up care to promote significant behavior changes.
A study published in Neurology found that people with depression are three times more likely to develop Parkinson's disease than those without depression. Researchers analyzed 4,634 individuals with depression and 18,544 without depression over a 10-year period.
A study from Henry Ford Hospital found that free head and neck cancer screenings in urban areas had a positive impact on African American communities and current smokers. The screenings also increased knowledge of risk factors such as smoking and alcohol use.
Researchers developed a clinical tool to predict the risk of end-stage renal disease among liver transplant recipients. The Renal Risk Index calculates a score based on recipient characteristics and identifies factors associated with increased risk, such as BMI over 35 and hepatitis C diagnosis.
Research highlights disparities in post-surgical risks among older minority patients, with black patients facing nearly three times the risk as white counterparts. Pre-existing medical conditions significantly contribute to these differences.
A study of 1038 patients with type 1 diabetes reveals that social deprivation and poor blood sugar control are independent risk factors for mortality. Those with higher HbA1c levels and lower socioeconomic status were more likely to die from complications related to the disease.
Severe sepsis increased by about 10% per year, affecting about 1 in 11,000 women; many cases occur in women with no known risk factors, highlighting the need for improved detection of sepsis.
A study published in Clinical Chemistry found that SHBG levels are significantly associated with type 2 diabetes risk in women, with age, estrogen therapy, and coffee consumption being key predictors. The research also suggests that adjusting these factors may impact SHBG levels and ultimately diabetes risk.
Researchers at the University of Montreal identified three risk factors associated with young adult smoking onset: impulsivity, poor school performance, and higher alcohol consumption. This study suggests that targeted prevention campaigns for young adults aged 18-24 could help prevent smoking initiation.
A recent study published in Obstetrics & Gynecology found that birth defects and poor fetal growth are the most common risk factors for cerebral palsy and infant death. The research suggests that these risk factors, rather than asphyxial birth events, may contribute to the development of cerebral palsy and infant mortality.
A Finnish population-based study found that hypertensive smoking women have an exceptionally high risk of a fatal brain bleeding, with a rate 20 times higher than never-smoking men. The study identified new risk factors for Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (SAH), including previous myocardial infarction and elevated cholesterol levels in men.
A recent study published in ESC Congress 2013 found that lead extractions are primarily driven by mechanical issues rather than infections. The European Lead Extraction ConTRolled (ELECTRa) Registry, which analyzed over 1,200 patients, showed that 52% of lead extractions were due to non-infectious causes, such as lead malfunctions.
A new study published in the Journal of Athletic Training found that women who land stiffly or in a 'knock-kneed' position are at higher risk of ACL injuries. The researchers used motion analysis software to monitor landing strategies of 82 physically active men and women, revealing a significant gender disparity in ACL tear rates.
A recent report by the American Academy of Neurology highlights a significant increase in strokes among adolescents and young adults, with approximately 532,000 cases occurring between ages 18-44 in the US. The study emphasizes the need for greater awareness and research into reducing the economic burden of strokes on this age group.
A study found that older adults undergoing spinal stenosis surgery are at higher risk of major medical complications. Preoperative factors such as ASA class and spinal fusion significantly increased the risk of heart attack, stroke, pneumonia, and sepsis.
An international study found that people in high-income countries have lower risk factors for cardiovascular disease but fewer cases of serious heart conditions. In contrast, those in low-income countries face more severe cardiovascular problems despite having fewer risk factors.
A study of 2,656 Finnish men found that regular physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are key factors in reducing the risk of sudden cardiac death. Men with low cardiorespiratory fitness who engaged in regular physical activity had a significantly lower risk of SCD compared to those with high CRF and LTPA.
A large-scale study found that levels of several cardiovascular risk factors, such as blood pressure and waist circumference, were higher in winter and lower in summer. This seasonal pattern may explain the observed seasonality in deaths from cardiovascular disease.
Patients with three or more cardiovascular risk factors, including diabetes and hypertension, have a comparable stroke risk to those with atrial fibrillation. The study found that the risk of stroke associated with atrial fibrillation is eliminated in patients with five or more risk factors.
Researchers have identified a genetic link between HIV infection and increased susceptibility to cryptococcal disease, which can cause devastating fungal meningitis. Patients with the high-affinity Fc receptor gene are up to 20 times more likely to develop the disease, highlighting the need for a predictive test to save lives.
A statistical model accounting for dozens of genes in combination and their interactions helps clarify the genetic factors involved in Crohn's disease. The model improves CD risk predictability by considering cumulative allele scores and genetic interactions.
Researchers used clustering techniques to analyze 300 patient cases and identify specific risk factors associated with heart attack risk. Key findings include the importance of age, gender, and lifestyle habits in determining cardiac risk levels.
A recent study of nearly 6,000 adult twins found that genetic factors contribute to both alcoholism and certain eating disorder symptoms, such as binge eating and purging habits. The study suggests that genes explain 38-53% of the risk of developing these disorders.
A recent study examined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a group of 1,040 rescue workers who participated in the Wenchuan earthquake relief. The findings indicate that PTSD was diagnosed in 64% of the participants, primarily due to factors such as near-death experience, severe injury or mental trauma, and low social support.
The new calculator uses detailed ACS NSQIP data to estimate patient-specific postoperative complication risks for over 1,500 unique surgical procedures. It also includes a Surgeon Adjustment Score to allow surgeons to counsel patients based on their experience and evaluation.
A recent University of Eastern Finland study found that individuals whose expression of certain genes was not altered by vitamin D supplementation may already have a sufficient level of serum vitamin D or be disturbed in their vitamin D utilization. The researchers believe this approach can help identify potential beneficiaries of long...
A recent study found that a Mediterranean diet pattern can prevent stroke in individuals with a genetic variant associated with type 2 diabetes. The researchers discovered that adherence to the Mediterranean diet compensated for the increased risk of stroke in those with two copies of the gene variant, reducing their susceptibility.