Articles tagged with T Lymphocytes
Astrocytes undergo reorganization and may engulf attacking T cells, which could improve therapy for viral infections, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders. This novel response mechanism offers new insights into brain cell defenses against immune cells.
A team of researchers has found that trapping white blood cells in the lymph nodes can help mice overcome a chronic viral infection. Experimental drug FTY720, also known as fingolimod, prevents white blood cells from responding to the virus by desensitizing them to sphingosine-1-phosphate.
Researchers at Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center found that trapping white blood cells in lymph nodes can help mice fight chronic viral infections. FTY720, an experimental drug, prevents white blood cells from leaving lymph nodes, improving immune response against the virus.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have successfully used RNA interference (RNAi) to prevent the spread of HIV in mice. The study found that knocking down three specific genes in T cells protected them from the virus, preventing it from jumping between cells.
Researchers found that fibrosis occurs rapidly in the gut, limiting drug effectiveness and making it harder to restore immunity. Early treatment can preserve some elements of the immune system by protecting T-cells.
Researchers at Caltech uncover how HCMV uses a stolen class 1 MHC protein, UL18, to hide from the immune system. The virus's decoy protein binds tighter than real MHC molecules, inhibiting immune response and allowing it to thrive without harming its host.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have successfully modified T cell receptors using zinc fingers to develop a new type of AIDS treatment. The approach involves introducing mutations into the CCR5 gene, rendering it non-functional and preventing HIV entry into immune system cells.
Researchers successfully treated a patient with Stage 4 melanoma using cloned infection-fighting T cells, achieving long-term remission. The treatment showed promising results, with the entire tumor regressing despite only 50% of tumor cells expressing the targeted antigen.
Researchers found that abnormal 'editing' of gene messages in a type of white blood cell may be behind the development of lupus. This could lead to earlier diagnosis and monitoring of patients' responses to therapy.
A study published in PLoS Medicine found that high HIV loads cause CD8+ T cell exhaustion, while reducing antigen levels allows these cells to recover their functions. This suggests that immune exhaustion is a consequence of persistent HIV replication rather than its cause.
Researchers found that T cells in chronically infected patients are triggered to commit suicide due to the presence of a protein called 'Bim'. This discovery provides a new target for developing therapies and vaccines to boost the body's ability to manage Hepatitis B infection.
Researchers discovered a molecular pathway underlying low-grade forms of brain tumor known as astrocytoma, suggesting new therapeutic targets. Additionally, studies revealed that microRNAs regulate female mouse fertility by controlling the functioning of the corpus luteum, which is essential for pregnancy.
Researchers at Temple University found a correlation between CD163+/CD16+ monocyte subsets and viral load in HIV patients. This subset increase may serve as an early indicator of immune impairment and disease progression.
Researchers at Gladstone and UCSF found that growth hormone therapy stimulates the production of vital T-cells, leading to increased thymic mass and improved immune function. The study suggests that this treatment could help HIV-infected patients rebuild their compromised immune systems.
A study found that genetic variations in the MBL2 protein are associated with more severe clinical symptoms of cystic fibrosis. In contrast, daily administration of growth hormone increased CD4+ T cell numbers in HIV-1 infected individuals, potentially treating conditions where CD4+ T cell function is impaired.
Researchers found a way to reverse HIV's deadly longevity by targeting its chemical changes that keep reservoirs alive. An existing ant-parasite drug, miltefosine, inhibits the PI3K/Akt pathway, which enables macrophages to survive despite surrounding toxicity.
A research team at Weill Cornell Medical College identified two genes, Pbx-1 and Prep-1, that play a critical role in regulating interleukin-10 (IL-10) production. This discovery could lead to new avenues for understanding and treating diseases such as lupus, cancer, and HIV/AIDS.
Researchers designed a technique that uses the body's own cells and a virus to destroy cancer cells, which could lead to a new cancer vaccine. The study shows promising results in treating melanoma, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer by targeting tumor cells in the lymph nodes.
A research team led by Dr. Michael Starnbach is using genetically engineered mice to study the immune system's response to Chlamydia infections. They aim to understand which components of the immune system need to be stimulated to fight the infection, with the ultimate goal of developing a vaccine for adolescent girls.
A new study shows that immune cells battling chronic viral infections undergo changes that make them progressively less effective over time. Interventions, such as blocking the PD-1 pathway, can alleviate T-cell exhaustion and restore disease-fighting capability.
Chris Culbertson has received a 2007 Masao Horiba Award for his work on rapid analysis of individual T-lymphocyte cells using microfluidic devices. This honor recognizes the future potential and originality of his research, which could lead to unique measurement instruments.
Researchers detected viral genetic material in the placenta of a pregnant woman who died from bird flu. The study found that H5N1 virus can infect organs other than the lungs, including the brain, liver, and intestinal cells, in infected adults and fetuses.
Scientists discovered a key biochemical cycle that allows cancer cells to multiply unabated by suppressing the immune response. The research found that tryptophan is broken down into toxic kynurenines, starvng T-cells, which are then overwhelmed by an excess of kynurenine in the body fluids.
A recent study published in The Journal of Immunology found that SIV infection in monkeys does not always lead to AIDS, contradicting current thinking. Researchers propose that host/virus co-adaptation enables monkeys to limit T cell immune activation and apoptosis, a mechanism that contributes to disease progression.
Researchers found that reactive oxygen stimulates dendritic cells to up-regulate the immune antigen CD80, leading to T cell activation and increased TNF production. This causes excessive destruction of bone via osteoclasts.
Research in African monkeys reveals that CD4 T-cell depletion is one part of a complex scenario leading to AIDS. Studies suggest that immune function can be preserved despite significant loss of mucosal CD4 T-cells.
A recent study published in Immunity reveals that the presence of pro-death proteins Bax and Bak is necessary for healthy immune function, specifically in T-cell cells. The absence of these proteins disrupts calcium signaling pathways, leading to reduced energy production and impaired cell division.
Researchers found that Src inhibitors can target aggressive breast cancers, which lack estrogen receptors and are more prone to growth. By inhibiting the protein Src, these treatments show promise in improving patient outcomes.
Scientists at NIAID are exploring vaccines that reduce HIV levels, delay disease progression and prevent transmission. Early research suggests T-cell vaccines may have benefits, but questions remain about their effectiveness and potential side effects.
A glucosamine-like supplement called GlcNAc has been found to suppress the damaging autoimmune response seen in multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes mellitus. In studies on mice, GlcNAc inhibited the growth and function of abnormal T-cells that incorrectly direct the immune system.
Triple-negative breast cancer cells are sensitive to cisplatin, a common chemotherapeutic drug that can be effective in treating the disease. Researchers also found that delta-Np63 and TAp73 proteins play a crucial role in mediating chemosensitivity to cisplatin.
Researchers at UTMB overturned the long-held medical dogma on RSV, finding that an inadequate immune reaction is associated with severe infections. The study's findings have major implications for developing therapies and treating viral respiratory infections during infancy.
A Cornell researcher is working on a quick and affordable immune system test for people in the developing world. The test aims to help HIV/AIDS sufferers get proper treatment, potentially extending their lives by 10-15 years.
Scientists at UCLA's Jules Stein Eye Institute have discovered defects in the infection-fighting T-cells of Graves' disease (GD) patients' immune systems. The study found an abnormal surplus of receptors targeted by an antibody that mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing inflammation and damage to eye tissue.
Carbon nanotubes successfully deliver RNA fragments that shut off genes for HIV-specific receptors on human T-cells. This approach significantly slows down HIV infection by blocking the virus's entry points.
Researchers identified primary targets of HIV-1 in the human vagina, finding that Langerhans cells and CD4+ T cells are key sites of entry. The study suggests that blocking transmission through the vaginal epithelium could prevent local spread and ultimately alleviate the pandemic.
Researchers at Yale University have developed a novel approach to synthesizing nanowires, allowing them to integrate with microelectronic systems and act as highly sensitive biomolecule detectors. This breakthrough has profound implications for the application of nanoscience technologies and future diagnostics.
Researchers at Princeton University have found a specific genetic trigger that can deactivate the HIV virus, potentially leading to new treatments. The trigger, involving an enzyme called SirT1, can keep the virus in its dormant phase, reducing its ability to replicate.
A study published in Nature Immunology reveals that lymph node cells instruct immune system cells to leave healthy tissue alone, protecting the small intestine from attack. This finding may lead to new forms of treatment for autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that harvesting aggressive stem cells from donated bone marrow can reduce the time it takes for a child's immune system to rebuild after a bone marrow transplant. This could lead to lower risk of fatal virus infections and improved long-term outcomes.
New research suggests that beta-agonist medications used in asthma treatment can increase type 2 T cell accumulation, potentially worsening related diseases. The study's findings highlight the need for anti-inflammatory corticosteroids in moderate to severe asthma treatment.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School Medicine have successfully tested a new gene therapy vector that inhibits HIV replication. The treatment, called VRX496, has shown promising results in reducing viral loads and improving immune function in patients with chronic HIV infection.
Researchers have developed a new type of laboratory mouse with human-like immune systems, allowing for the study of human-pathogen interaction and development of disease therapies. The 'Bone Marrow Liver Thymic' mice can fight certain infections, including toxic shock syndrome and Epstein Barr virus.
A Hopkins study reveals that T lymphocytes, part of the immune system, play a dual role in organ damage after transplantation. While they produce toxic chemicals that contribute to IRI, they also appear to protect transplanted kidneys from damage. The findings could lead to new strategies for preventing or rapidly treating IRI.
Researchers found protein splicing occurs beyond RNA splicing, producing non-linear peptides and expanding antigenic options. This mechanism increases the number of potential antigens from a single protein, widening vaccine applicability against cancer and infectious diseases.
Researchers successfully transformed normal immune cells into tumor fighters, demonstrating their ability to persist in the body and shrink large tumors in humans. The engineered cells were found to show signs of persistence in 15 of the 17 patients in the study, with two patients seeing significant tumor shrinkage.
Researchers found that B cells expressing a special protein called DC-SIGN are necessary for HIV to infect T cells. Activating DC-SIGN on B cells allows HIV to invade T cells, highlighting a new target for future studies and drug development.
The study found that the efavirenz plus two-NRTI regimen was significantly more effective at reducing HIV viral load in the blood. A second approach, lopinavir/ritonavir, also performed well and may be a viable alternative for patients who experience intolerable side effects from NRTIs. The trial included 753 participants and showed su...
Researchers identify DC-SIGN on B cells as crucial for HIV's takeover of T cells, revealing a new pathway for antiviral drug development. About 8% of B cells express the protein, which allows HIV to invade T cells while sparing B cells.
University of Illinois researchers found unexpected two-way communication between blood stem cells and T cells, changing their fate. This loop may lead to a strong immune response, increasing the risk of graft-versus-host disease or rejection.
University of Rochester experts discuss how flu invades and responds to the body, with a focus on understanding its pathogenesis. The research aims to prevent potential modification of the flu virus for lethal use and develop more effective treatments.
The HBZ protein is crucial for persistent infection of HTLV-1 in an animal host. Researchers discovered that a drug targeting this protein could disrupt viral replication and provide a new therapy for infected individuals.
OHSU researchers found that interleukin-15 (IL-15) restores tissue CD4+ T cells when given with antiretroviral drugs in SIV-infected monkeys. This discovery offers hope for effective therapies to boost HIV patients' immune systems.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia developed a novel lab technique to manipulate human T cells using RNA interference, overcoming previous limitations. The approach successfully silenced genes in 'slippery' immune cells, opening potential avenues for treating HIV and other diseases.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered that a cancer virus protein is necessary for the virus to successfully infect and reproduce in the body. The protein, p13, plays a critical role in the early phase of infection, and its function could be targeted by new drugs or vaccines.
Researchers at Rice University propose a novel approach to combat Dengue virus by administering multiple vaccines simultaneously at different locations on the body, bypassing immunodominance and enhancing immunity against all four closely related viruses. This strategy has implications for other diseases such as HIV and cancer.
Researchers are testing rituximab to see if it can prevent the immune system from attacking the pancreas, a key component of insulin production. The study aims to reduce long-term complications associated with type 1 diabetes, such as heart disease and kidney damage.
Researchers have developed a strategy to overcome biological obstacles in cell therapy for cancer by stimulating tumor-reactive T cells with interleukin-15. This approach has shown promise in treating disseminated forms of leukemia in mice without damaging other tissues.
The study found that infant transplant patients resisted infections despite having low T cell counts, a crucial component in fighting viruses and cancer tumors. This discovery could lead to improved treatments for AIDS, cancers, and diseases of aging related to declining immune function.
Researchers have found that Sangamo's ZFN-modified cells are resistant to HIV infection, whereas control cells are infected. The treatment works by disrupting the CCR5 gene, a receptor required for HIV entry into immune cells. This approach has advantages over other drugs in development, which require constant antagonist presence.