Articles tagged with T Lymphocytes
Researchers have developed a new technique to create targeted immunotherapies for cancer, recognizing antigens on cancer cells that are not found on healthy cells. The approach uses chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and costimulatory receptors (CCRs), allowing T cells to attack specific types of cancer cells while sparing normal cells.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens found that immune cells from older adults can respond to virus infections similarly to those from younger individuals. This discovery has important implications for vaccination strategies targeting the elderly.
A recent study from Queen Mary University of London has identified two proteins, Egr2 and Egr3, as crucial regulators of the immune response. In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), T lymphocytes show defective production of these proteins, leading to increased inflammation.
Researchers report success of gene transfer therapy to turn patients' immune cells into cancer-fighting weapons. Three patients remain in full remission over two years after treatment, marking first successful demonstration of the approach.
T-cells use protein signals to communicate with each other, with specific patterns and squishiness preferred. The discovery may help improve T-cell activation for immunotherapy and cancer treatment.
A study published in The Journal of Cell Biology identifies a motor protein that helps HIV replicate in macrophages. KIF3A drives the virus along microtubules, facilitating its release from these cells. Inhibiting KIF3A may provide a new strategy for combating HIV.
Scientists have visualised the interaction between gluten and T-cells of the immune system, providing insight into how coeliac disease is triggered. The discovery could lead to a blood test and therapeutic vaccine for patients with coeliac disease.
A small pilot study suggests that exercising cancer survivors for several weeks after chemotherapy can strengthen their immune systems, making them more effective at fighting future cancers. The study found that a significant portion of T cells converted from a senescent form to a naïve form, ready to fight cancer and infections.
Assistant Professor Navin Varadarajan will use a novel research tool to study individual CAR T cells and determine their properties relating to their ability to fight cancer. The goal is to identify which modified T cells are most effective at fighting cancer, allowing researchers to design better treatment regimens.
Johns Hopkins researchers have developed a gene-based therapy that specifically targets the immune response of myasthenia gravis, erasing the need for systemic immunosuppression. The technique uses genetically engineered dendritic cells to destroy faulty T-cells, reducing autoantibodies and halting the autoimmune attack.
Scientists have reduced graft-versus-host disease, a life-threatening complication of stem cell transplants, by altering the circulation and trafficking of donor T-cells. The new approach maintains the therapeutic anti-leukemia effect while minimizing harm to healthy tissues.
Researchers at Vienna University of Veterinary Medicine discovered UCP2's primary expression in immune cells, with increased levels during T-cell proliferation. This finding may have significant implications for the development of treatments for immune disorders.
Researchers discovered a key interaction between skin cells and gamma delta T cells, revealing a molecular trigger for wound healing. The CD100 receptor plays a crucial role in signaling the activation of these immune cells, which then stimulate new epithelial cell production to repair damaged tissues.
Researchers have identified Lyl-1 as a crucial transcription factor in producing early T-cell progenitors, which are the first cells on the path to becoming active T-cells. Without Lyl-1, these cells are severely impaired, and mice lacking the gene exhibit T-cell deficiency and leukemia-like symptoms.
Researchers have identified MDA5 as a key molecule essential for producing interferon to rally virus-fighting cells during certain viral infections. The timing and balance of interferon production are critical in determining the outcome of a viral infection, with prolonged production increasing the risk of autoimmune damage.
A £425,000 study at Queen's University Belfast aims to discover how the immune system supports tissue repair in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The research seeks to understand how ageing affects this process and potentially lead to new treatments for MS.
Researchers discovered that T cells employ a Lévy walk strategy, characterized by short and long movements, to track down parasites like animal predators. This insight into immune-cell movement patterns can inform novel approaches to combat diseases such as cancer and HIV/AIDS.
A Mayo Clinic study has found that exhaustion affects immune cells fighting cancer, rendering them less effective. The research suggests a new approach to lymphoma and other cancers by dampening cell-signaling molecules like IL-12.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania report that genetically modified T cells remain healthy up to 11 years after initial therapy in a decade-long study of HIV patients. The approach provides a framework for gene therapy as a powerful weapon in treating HIV, cancer, and other diseases.
A new biostatistical tool, prediction-based classification (PBC), can help allocate resources to patients who need them most by linking CD-4 T-cell levels to other patient data. The study found that PBC could reduce the number of CD-4 tests needed during the first year of ART by nearly 57 percent.
Researchers have identified microRNA-155 as a molecule that controls the severity of acute graft-versus-host disease in leukemia patients who receive bone-marrow transplants. Reducing or blocking miR-155 expression decreases GVHD severity and increases survival, suggesting a new strategy for treating the condition.
Researchers found that blocking PD-1 molecule after antiretroviral therapy interruption can significantly enhance viral control in SIV-infected monkeys. The effect depends on maintaining measurable immune cell response following therapy.
Scientists discovered an effective way to eliminate a persistent form of HIV-1 through vaccination strategy. The research found that heightened immune response prior to virus reactivation facilitates the elimination of latent viral reservoir, paving the way for true eradication.
Researchers found that removing Bim allowed autoreactive T-cells to survive but remain inactive. Understanding this mechanism could lead to new therapies for autoimmune diseases like diabetes.
Researchers found that autoreactive T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes bound their targets more weakly than helpful T cells. These autoaggressive T cells may slip through safety screens by failing to notice their targets, suggesting a new mechanism for autoimmune disease progression.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute identified specific T cells that trigger type 1 diabetes in humans for the first time in human tissues. The study provides a crucial step in interrupting the disease process and highlights CD8 T cells as key players.
Researchers have identified a protein that contributes to brain tumor resistance to chemotherapy, while also developing a way to predict which liver transplant patients can be weaned off immunosuppressive drugs. High levels of APNG in GBM cells correlated with poorer survival rates, suggesting it may serve as a biomarker for treatment ...
Researchers at La Jolla Institute create cellular movies showing the destruction underlying type 1 diabetes in real-time, providing new insights into disease process and potential therapeutic directions. The studies use two-photon microscope to illuminate cell processes previously extrapolated from photos or lab experiments.
A study published in Blood has identified a potential marker, PD-1, that is more frequently found in young leukemia patients who experience relapses. This discovery could lead to the development of simple tests to predict relapse, reducing the risk for these vulnerable individuals.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute have identified a previously unknown molecular interaction between protein kinase C theta and CD28 that is essential for T lymphocyte activation. This discovery opens up a novel therapeutic avenue for autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis by blocking the cellular inter...
A glucosamine-like dietary supplement, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), suppresses multiple sclerosis attacks by inhibiting abnormal T-cell growth and function. The study, published in The Journal of Biological Chemistry, suggests a novel mechanism for affecting T-cell function and autoimmunity.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have discovered that blocking the epidermal growth factor receptor can prevent rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, a rare and debilitating kidney disease. The study also showed that certain drugs inhibiting EGF receptors may reverse the harmful effects of the disease.
A study reveals that tumors can disable the T cell–attracting protein CCL2 by modifying it with reactive nitrogen species, keeping T cells out. Scientists are now developing RNS-blocking drugs to restore T cell function and potentially enhance cancer treatment.
A group of mutations in the interleukin-7 receptor gene have been identified in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Researchers found that certain pharmaceutical drugs already in clinical use can eliminate these cells, providing a potential therapeutic approach against leukemia.
A clinical trial at the Kimmel Cancer Center found a two-step, half-match bone marrow transplant procedure improves overall survival in blood cancer patients, with 45% and 75% five-year survival rates. The unique approach controls donor T cell dosage and timing to minimize side effects.
Researchers at Caltech propose that cell-to-cell transmission of HIV is responsible for the formation of viral reservoirs. This mechanism allows HIV to persist in infected cells despite antiretroviral therapy.
Researchers developed second-generation engineered T cells that successfully target and kill ovarian cancer cells in immune-deficient mice. The new technology overcomes limitations of first-generation approaches, showing improved persistence and survival signals for the engineered T cells.
Researchers at the University of Arizona College of Medicine have discovered that a select few T cells can better protect against infections like flu due to special features. The study suggests targeting these cells through vaccination could improve protection against disease in older adults.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute have developed a new form of adoptive cell transfer that overcomes limitations of current therapies. This approach uses a donor pool of immune T cells prepared in advance, which are outfitted with receptors to specifically target and destroy tumors.
A new discovery has been made in the fight against plague and bacterial pneumonias by researchers at the Trudeau Institute. They have identified a single component of the plague causing bacterium that can be used as a vaccine, offering a potential safer alternative to existing vaccines.
Researchers have used a super-resolution fluorescence microscope to image T-cell molecules and identify the exact molecular switch that spurs T-cells into action. This breakthrough could lead to treatments for auto-immune diseases and cancer, overturning prevailing understanding of T-cell activation.
An experimental gene therapy has reversed type 1 diabetes in mice with a nearly 80 percent success rate, reversing autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. The treatment uses neurogenin3 and betacellulin to stimulate new islet growth and inhibits immune system activity.
A new experimental drug, PCI-32765, has shown promising results in selectively targeting and killing malignant B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. By inhibiting key signaling molecules and promoting apoptosis, the agent reduces the risk of life-threatening infections associated with current CLL therapies.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have discovered a critical molecule that, when absent in T-cells, can cause autoimmunity. This finding has significant implications for stem-cell transplantation treatments used for autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Cancer cells that reign during leukemia relapses have distinct DNA profiles compared to those at diagnosis. These mutated cells exhibit aggressive behavior in mice, suggesting a possible link between human and mouse models.
Scientists at Joslin Diabetes Center have found that a protein called alpha-myosin heavy chain triggers inflammatory heart disease in people with type 1 diabetes. The discovery could lead to diagnostic and therapeutic tools for this condition, which is often fatal.
Researchers discovered that autoimmune disease myocarditis occurs when immune system targets heart muscle cells expressing alpha myosin, a protein required for contraction. Preventing the disease involves exposing T cells to alpha myosin in thymus, suggesting measurement of alpha-myosin as diagnostic tool and potential therapeutic target
Research reveals T cells from elite controllers are resistant to HIV infection due to selective upregulation of p21, an enzyme inhibitor. Blocking p21 increases viral gene expression, highlighting potential treatment strategies for vulnerable patients.
By analyzing CD8+ T cells from healthy blood donors, researchers created a statistical model that accurately predicts the age and quality of T cells. This allows clinicians to transfer only young functional cells back into patients' bodies, potentially improving therapeutic outcomes for various cancers.
Researchers have created a bioengineered protein called CD19-L that selectively targets and destroys leukemia cells, including those resistant to chemotherapy. This breakthrough discovery offers new hope for treating childhood leukemia.
Researchers have developed an approach to identify parasite genes associated with severe infection in pregnant women and children, offering new understanding of childhood malaria. Additionally, studies found that niacin can inhibit progression of atherosclerosis in mice through its receptor GPR109A expressed by immune cells.
Primitive lampreys have structures within their gills that play a role similar to the thymus, where T cells develop in mammals and birds. The finding suggests two separate organs for immune cell development preceded the appearance of key features like antibodies and T cell receptors.
New research suggests histamine plays a critical role in preventing or lessening the effects of multiple sclerosis. Histamine reduces MS-causing T cell proliferation and interferon-gamma production, and its ability to adhere to brain vessels.
T cell receptors first bind with antigen on pathogen-invaded cell, triggering signaling process that amplifies effect. Co-receptor plays key role in discrimination process, contributing to stronger binding when combined with T cell receptor.
A new study finds that dendritic cells play a key role in amplifying autoimmune disease, specifically systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The research suggests that depleting dendritic cells may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating SLE and potentially other autoimmune diseases.
Researchers have found that the HIV virus triggers an immune response in CD4 T cells due to incomplete reverse transcription, leading to cell death. The study's findings suggest that targeting the cell sensor responsible for this response could lead to new treatment strategies.
Researchers at Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology discover how HIV promotes the death of CD4 T cells by infecting them with a failed form of viral replication. This process leads to the depletion of these critical immune cells, ultimately causing AIDS.
Scientists at Rockefeller University have discovered a new class of dendritic cells, called monocyte-derived dendritic cells, that can be derived from blood monocytes. These cells have been shown to have the same functional properties as classical dendritic cells and are promising for therapeutic uses in humans.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have developed a new epitope-mapping laboratory test that can pinpoint the unique binding site for disease-causing pathogens within three weeks. The test uses five essential proteins involved in antigen processing by immune system cells, speeding up the development of cancer vaccines and diagnostic...
Researchers studying gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy discovered a natural immunity to dystrophin, complicating experimental therapies. The immune response triggered by T cells may target muscle cells, resembling autoimmunity.