Articles tagged with Drug Resistance
Researchers have solved the atomic structure of HIV's intasome, a key piece of machinery that integrates virus into human DNA. The discovery provides structural clues informing the development of new HIV drugs and sheds light on mechanisms of viral resistance.
A new study reveals that cancer cells can develop resistance to proteasome inhibitors by suppressing the expression of proteasome subunits, leading to a broadly altered cell state with unique vulnerabilities. This finding may expose opportunities for targeted therapies that can be effective against diverse cancers.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona have discovered 10 new drug combinations that show high synergy in treating breast cancer, outperforming individual treatments. These combinations aim to overcome treatment resistance by attacking tumour cells from multiple angles.
Researchers identified gene mutations associated with steroid resistance in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, leading to poor clinical outcomes. A new therapeutic approach targeting individual signaling proteins restored steroid sensitivity in leukemic cells from patients.
A study published in Cell Reports found that glioblastoma cells with different resistance levels to therapy and radiation are linked to disease outcomes. Researchers identified a continuum of cells with varying resistance levels, which may enable the development of targeted therapies.
Researchers have developed a rapid test to monitor drug resistance in hookworms, which can cause disease and stunted growth. The new test uses short nucleotide polymorphisms to detect drug-resistant mutations in as little as 1% of a sample, taking only 60 minutes.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science have identified a promising new combination therapy for triple negative breast cancer, which inhibits tumor growth and survival while preventing drug resistance. The therapy targets EGFR and PYK2 molecules, leading to a more potent therapeutic effect than inhibiting either molecule alone.
Researchers found that blocking tumor interferon pathway with a JAK inhibitor improves checkpoint inhibitor drugs and bypasses the need for combinations, which often come with serious side effects. The study suggests a new approach to addressing cancer immunotherapies' limitations.
Researchers at the University of Southampton have characterised the molecular mechanisms behind idelalisib's effectiveness in treating chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The study found that the drug disrupts survival signals and prevents tumour cell communication, leading to cancer cell death.
A study investigated infectious disease mortality trends in the US from 1980 to 2014, revealing overall and infectious disease mortality decreased until 1995, then leveled off. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS led to a decline in overall and HIV/AIDS mortality rates.
Researchers investigated resistance to antiangiogenic therapies using animal models, finding inconsistent definitions of treatment failure. The study emphasizes the need for improved methodology to accurately predict alternative strategies that benefit patients.
Scientists discovered genetic markers linked with piperaquine resistance in Plasmodium parasites, allowing health officials to monitor the spread of resistance and guide treatment decisions. The emergence of piperaquine resistance in Cambodia threatens global efforts to eliminate malaria.
Scientists have identified two genetic markers associated with piperaquine resistance in malaria parasites, allowing for early detection and alternative treatment options. The markers are linked to increased production of plasmepsin enzymes, which the parasite uses to digest human blood.
A newly identified protein, NTR2, has been discovered that activates drugs like delamanid against leishmaniasis. This finding holds promise for developing more effective treatments for the disease.
Researchers at MUSC Hollings Cancer Center discover a mechanism conferring resistance to AML drugs and develop a ceramide-based therapeutic that reactivates mitophagy, killing drug-resistant cancer cells. The treatment has clinical appeal due to its specificity towards cancer cells.
Researchers found no differences in HIV drug resistance between women using dapivirine and placebo rings in the ASPIRE trial. The dapivirine ring was safe and helped protect against HIV, with an overall risk reduction of 27%.
A MGH team found that treating metastatic colorectal cancer with antiangiogenic drugs increases extracellular matrix components and stiffness, contributing to treatment resistance. Antiangiogenic therapy also attracts suppressor immune cells, reducing the immune response against tumors.
Researchers developed a new image analysis technique to distinguish between epithelial and mesenchymal cells in tumors. The algorithm achieved over 92% accuracy in categorizing individual cells, revealing potential insights into cancer drug resistance and treatment.
Scientists at Harvard's Wyss Institute have developed a way to analyze the effect of mechanical stiffness on chemotherapy treatment. The new method uses alginate hydrogels to mimic tumor and normal tissue environments, revealing that softer matrix conditions lead to increased resistance.
A mathematical model suggests that alternating between erlotinib and evofosfamide could help prevent drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer patients. This treatment schedule is more effective than using either drug alone, according to a study published in PLOS Computational Biology.
A study led by Case Western Reserve University researchers has identified a gene, S100P, that may help tumors evade trastuzumab, a common breast cancer treatment. By blocking S100P, tumor cells became sensitive to the drug again.
Researchers have identified a potential antifungal mechanism by targeting mitochondrial respiration in pathogenic fungi, which could enable combination therapy with fluconazole and prevent drug resistance. The approach has shown promise in treating severe invasive fungal infections, including those caused by Candida albicans.
Researchers found that inactivating mutations in STAG2 or STAG3 can reactivate the MAPK cell-growth pathway, leading to treatment resistance. Knockdown of these proteins reduced sensitivity to BRAF inhibition, while increasing their expression increased treatment effectiveness.
Australian researchers have developed a new test that can predict patients' long-term response to treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia. The test assesses the levels of P-glycoprotein in patient cells and identifies those at risk of developing resistance, allowing doctors to adjust treatment strategies.
Researchers found that replication fork protection is a major mechanism of drug resistance in BRCA1/2-mutant breast and ovarian cancers. Proteins such as PTIP, CHD4, and PARP1 promote destabilization of replication forks, making cells chemoresistant.
Researchers have discovered how new HIV drugs work by locking the immature form of the virus in place, preventing it from maturing and infecting other cells. The study provides insights into the workings of these drugs and their resistance to mutations.
Scientists developed a novel algorithm to predict synergistic antifungal drug combinations for treating drug-resistant fungal infections. The algorithm, NLLSS, integrates various information types and experimentally validated 7 out of 13 predicted combinations for Candida albicans, providing new treatment options.
A global trial of midostaurin reveals that the drug can produce partial or complete resolution of organ damage in 60% of patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis. Patients treated with midostaurin experienced improved liver function, fewer signs of malabsorption, and increased survival rates.
A new study by bioengineers at Brigham and Women's Hospital demonstrates the effectiveness of combination therapies in eliminating cancer cells. By pairing chemotherapy drug docetaxel with a targeted PI3K inhibitor, researchers achieved greater tumor inhibition and eliminated evidence of resistance.
A study on Plasmodium vivax reveals rapid evolution of drug resistance in response to widely-used antimalarial drugs. The genomic data sets will guide effective malaria control and elimination strategies, supporting local public health efforts.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have found that emetine, an old drug once used to treat amebiasis, can also halt the replication of cytomegalovirus (CMV), a herpesvirus causing serious disease in immunocompromised individuals. Lower concentrations and less frequent doses of emetine may be effective for CMV inhibition.
Researchers develop a revolutionary approach to cancer treatment that activates two drugs within the same cell at the same time, preventing resistance in aggressive cancers. By tracking cellular signals and molecular pathways, they discovered vulnerabilities to small molecule PI3K/AKT kinase inhibitors.
The global mapping of artemisinin resistance, led by Institut Pasteur researchers, has confirmed that resistance to the main malaria drug is confined to Southeast Asia. The study identified 70 new mutations, including those in Cambodia and Vietnam-Laos, which were not associated with resistance.
Researchers have discovered new drugs that can break resistance to Gab2 in CML cells, a type of blood cancer. The study found that sorafenib and axitinib are effective in treating CML model systems, providing potential alternatives for patients who have developed resistance to existing medications.
Biologists from UNIGE reveal a mechanism of resistance to the anti-estrogenic drug tamoxifen, identifying eight factors that enable breast cancer cells to become refractory to treatment. The researchers suggest various approaches for developing new therapies targeting these factors.
A new study reverses resistance to antiangiogenic drugs by adding an antidiabetic agent, inhibiting tumor growth up to 92%. Researchers found that this mechanism can be targeted to attack cancer cells, with potential for improved treatment outcomes. The discovery has the potential to prolong patient benefit from antiangiogenic treatments.
Researchers aim to identify genes involved in PZQ resistance, enabling development of simple molecular tests to monitor resistance and provide early warning of drug resistance emergence. The study will focus on precise genes and mutations in laboratory genetic crosses and then expand to field researchers in Uganda and Kenya.
Researchers developed an innovative imaging model to track drug resistance and identify a new therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. The study revealed that the Musashi gene plays a critical role in promoting aggressive disease and found effective antisense inhibitors against Msi, halting tumor growth and improving survival.
A novel combination therapy has been found to clear the infection and prevent recurrence of babesiosis up to 122 days after treatment. The study used a mouse model to test the efficacy of atovaquone and ELQ-334, two drugs that work together to attack the parasite's target enzyme.
A research team at Georgia Institute of Technology identified a specific miRNA molecule that controls the genes governing chemotherapy resistance in human pancreatic cancer cells. Increasing this miRNA's level restored sensitivity to the drug in vitro, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for battling chemotherapy resistance.
Researchers discovered that new malaria drugs promote premature parasite division by increasing sodium ion concentration, altering membrane composition and killing the parasite. The study found that these changes occur without replicating the parasite's genome, indicating a potential new mechanism of action for antimalarial drugs.
Researchers discovered how a new class of anti-cancer drugs, BET inhibitors, kill cancer cells through apoptosis. The findings explain how cancer cells may become resistant to treatment and provide potential strategies for developing improved therapies.
Researchers identified a specific enzyme and signaling pathway involved in resistance to treatment, which can be targeted by other drugs for improved outcomes. Glioblastoma multiforme tumors were shown to manipulate their surrounding environment to evade therapy, leading to longer survival when treated with combination therapies.
Researchers designed a novel mTOR inhibitor, Rapalink, to combat drug-resistant tumors. In animal experiments, Rapalink reduced the size of tumors resistant to earlier-generation inhibitors.
Primary aldosteronism is a common cause of high blood pressure that frequently goes undiagnosed and untreated. The Endocrine Society recommends expanded screening for individuals with high blood pressure, particularly those who are at higher risk, to prevent associated cardiovascular complications.
Researchers identified mechanisms that allow TRK-fusion lung cancer cells to evade targeted therapies. Specific genetic changes, including amino acid positions in TRK fusion genes, confer resistance to LOXO-101. This study's findings may have implications for other kinase-driven cancers treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that guadecitabine, when combined with standard chemotherapy, is safe and may overcome resistance to irinotecan in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The study showed stable disease for most patients and a partial response in one patient.
A new study reveals that a genetic mutation protecting malaria parasites against a key anti-malarial drug eventually kills them by stopping energy production. This discovery could improve malaria treatment and prevent mass drug resistance from spreading.
A new study found that parasites resistant to atovaqueone cannot pass this resistance on to their offspring, due to developmental defects and impaired reproduction. The research suggests that these mutations severely impair the parasite's lifecycle in mosquito hosts, preventing transmission.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have developed a modified flu virus that can re-sensitize resistant pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapy. The virus enhances the efficacy of the drug by preventing cancer cells from repairing themselves, leading to increased cell killing with lower doses.
Cancer researchers used single-cell phosphoproteomics to study glioblastoma and found that tumors adapt and resist therapies in as little as 48 hours. The approach could lead to personalized treatment with better combination therapies for this deadly brain cancer.
A team of researchers has identified an alternate mechanism for evading therapy in brain cancer cells, which adapts within as little as three days of treatment. By targeting both the original and new signaling pathways, they can durably suppress tumor growth.
A metabolic pathway up-regulated in certain breast cancers promotes disease progression by activating the cell signaling protein Arf6, according to a recent study. Statin-like drugs may be effective treatments for patients whose tumors express high levels of Arf6 signaling proteins.
Researchers at Kumamoto University developed a method to predict epileptic seizures with high accuracy using electrocardiogram data. Heart rate variability analysis produced accurate predictions (91%) and allowed patients to ensure their safety before seizures. A wearable device is planned for development.
By treating individuals with a combination of drugs having different mechanisms of action, the chances of a malaria parasite developing multiple genetic mutations needed to survive is substantially decreased. This approach prolongs therapy effectiveness and preserves first-line drugs for treating malaria.
A new tool, IMPACT, interprets whole-exome sequencing data to identify candidate genes linked to cancer and recommends FDA-approved targeted treatments. The tool has been validated in patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma, showing its potential to accelerate precision medicine.
Researchers found that curcumin successfully removes Mycobacterium tuberculosis from infected cells in culture by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B. The study suggests a potential new treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis that could be less prone to resistance development.
Competition among malaria parasite strains in human hosts can influence the spread of drug resistance, according to a new study. The research found that when hosts are co-infected with drug-resistant and drug-sensitive strains, both strains are competitively suppressed, potentially leading to the emergence of resistant strains.
The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute scientists discovered that the insertion of just two DNA bases into a gene helps the parasite overcome antimonial drug treatment. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that the genetic landscape of L. donovani offers new insights into its evolutionary history and ability to develop drug resistance.
Researchers at Scripps Florida aim to block breast cancer growth by targeting a specific microRNA that adapts cancer cells to low oxygen environments. Inhibiting this microRNA increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to death and makes them more vulnerable to chemotherapy.