Articles tagged with Drug Resistance
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A study published in Science has identified a single mutated gene, K13, as the cause of growing resistance to malaria drugs in Southeast Asia. This finding provides a way to detect emerging resistance and potentially eliminate it before spreading globally.
Researchers at MIT have successfully turned on any desired gene in living cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This breakthrough enables scientists to study gene function and identify genes involved in diseases, such as melanoma. The new method has also been used to screen for genes that confer resistance to cancer drugs.
Researchers have identified a novel therapeutic approach using gamma secretase inhibitors (GSI) to inhibit Notch and block critical genes involved in tumor growth. The study suggests that GSI may optimize existing endocrine therapies and overcome resistance to cancer drugs.
Researchers found that HSP90 inhibition increases the ability of anti-estrogen agents to block cell cycle progression, thereby thwarting replication of tumor cells. The study provides a strong rationale for combining HSP90 inhibitors with hormonal therapy in ER+ breast cancer treatment.
Researchers have developed a novel approach to drug screening that could more precisely tailor chemotherapy to a patient's individual blood cancer type. By correcting for the matrix effect, Shin and Mooney believe their approach could identify a subset of drugs that will be more likely to be effective against chronic myeloid leukemias.
Scientists have identified a range of new chemicals with potent anti-malarial properties that could lead to new treatments for the disease. The compounds block a molecular salt pump at the surface of the parasite, causing it to swell and burst.
Researchers have uncovered a mechanism that explains why many ALS drugs fail as the disease progresses: the brain's pumps become more active and remove both toxins and medicine. Blocking these pumps improves drug efficacy in mouse models.
A phase I clinical trial has demonstrated that ASP8273 causes tumour shrinkage in patients with treatment-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have both the EGFR and T790M mutations. The overall response rate is 78%, comparable to other drugs in development.
Researchers found galeterone to be effective in lowering PSA levels and stabilizing disease in patients with CRPC. The drug showed promising activity against the AR-V7 variant, a mechanism of resistance in this disease.
Researchers at EPFL have identified an alternative part of Abl-kinase on which drugs can bind with reduced risk of drug resistance. This new approach may overcome the problem of tumor drug resistance, offering a potential treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital describe a new screening platform that combines genetic and pharmacologic screening of tumors, enabling truly individualized treatment regimens. The approach identifies previously unknown resistance mechanisms, several of which were not detectable by gene sequencing alone.
Researchers found that simple text messages can help patients complete their full malaria medication regimen, boosting rates of treatment completion and reducing the risk of drug-resistant diseases. The study used SMS reminders in Ghana and showed a significant impact on treatment adherence.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have discovered a mechanism for cancer cells to become resistant to chemotherapy, which may lead to a new approach to treating cancer. The study found that variations in breast cancer cells' RNA enable the cancer to evolve and adapt more quickly than previously thought.
The American Academy of Neurology states that the risk of death, overdose, addiction, or serious side effects from prescription opioids exceeds their benefits in treating chronic, non-cancerous conditions. The AAN recommends safer prescribing practices to minimize risks.
The IMPRESS trial found that continued gefitinib therapy after resistance development in lung cancer did not improve progression-free survival. Chemotherapy alone remains the standard treatment for patients with EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer.
Researchers propose epigenetic drugs to treat cancer resistance and relapse by modifying gene expression. Studies suggest epigenetic changes contribute to cancer progenitor cell formation, drug resistance, and relapse.
A group of researchers recommend applying evolutionary biology to combat modern threats, proposing gene therapies, drought-resistant crop varieties, and conservation strategies to protect land with high genetic diversity. This approach can help develop more robust solutions to societal problems and promote sustainable development.
A new study from Washington State University found that estrogen levels significantly increase tolerance to THC in female rats, making them more vulnerable to negative side effects. The research suggests that women are at higher risk of experiencing anxiety, paranoia, and addiction when using cannabis.
Patients with resistant hypertension have higher risks for cardiovascular events than those with non-resistant hypertension, with elevated risks mainly contributing to increasing stroke events. Subgroup analysis showed that resistant hypertension increased the risks of stroke in females by 35% and in elderly patients by 20%.
EPFL researchers developed a synthetic amino acid that can impact 3D structure of bioactive peptides, enhancing their potency. The amino acid, similar to cysteine, forms bridges influencing overall structure and function of peptides and proteins.
Experts say 14th century Venice's response to the plague holds lessons on how to mitigate the consequences of today's emerging threats. The city's use of resilience management, including physical movement management and quarantine measures, can inform strategies for dealing with highly infectious diseases like Ebola.
Resistant hypertension is a condition affecting 20% of Canadian adults with high blood pressure, characterized by elevated blood pressure despite treatment. Structured approaches, including medication optimization and lifestyle modifications, are recommended for effective management.
A strong association has been found between severe untreated obstructive sleep apnea and the risk of elevated blood pressure despite aggressive medication use. The odds of resistant elevated blood pressure were four times higher in participants with severe sleep apnea.
Researchers developed a new computational method to study disease-causing genes, starting with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The method allowed for the prediction of protein functions and revealed the role of EXP1 in detoxifying metabolic byproducts and drug susceptibility.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that treating young children with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) decreases their risk of contracting malaria. The study showed a protective efficacy of 58% against malaria episodes, making DP a promising alternative to current treatments.
Researchers at Saint Louis University have trapped the part of a virus responsible for inserting its DNA into human cells, a crucial step in understanding how HIV infects people. By capturing integrase with x-ray crystallography, scientists aim to develop new treatments and better understand how existing drugs work.
Artemisinin resistance has become widespread in Southeast Asia, particularly in Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. A six-day course of artemisinin-based combination therapy proved highly effective in treating drug-resistant malaria cases.
Researchers found that some microorganisms can use epimutations, a temporary silencing of drug targets, to gain drug resistance without committing to permanent mutations. This flexible mechanism could be employed by various organisms to withstand treatment with different drugs.
A new study by Tulane University reveals that exposure to light at night can render breast cancer cells resistant to tamoxifen. In contrast, complete darkness and high melatonin levels significantly slow tumor growth and enhance tamoxifen's effectiveness.
Researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute developed a liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry assay to analyze biomarkers in blood and tissue, helping identify therapeutic targets for melanoma treatment. The study identified alterations in cell signaling pathways in drug-resistant cells.
University of Chicago scientists have developed new multiscale simulations that reveal the proton permeation mechanism in influenza A, a crucial step in viral replication. This breakthrough could lead to the development of more effective and targeted treatments against the flu.
Scientists have identified a new biomarker called Neuromedin U (NmU) that may help predict and overcome resistance to newer anti-cancer drugs for HER2 positive cancers. The discovery could lead to more effective treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes.
Researchers have discovered that over-expression of Cripto-1 makes lung cancer cells resistant to erlotinib, a widely used targeted therapy. Blocking Cripto-1 signaling restored sensitivity to the drug in cell lines and animals, suggesting a potential reversal mechanism.
Researchers from the University of Freiburg have made significant progress in understanding how the antimalarial drug atovaquone works. By analyzing its molecular structure, they have identified key binding sites and revealed the underlying mechanism of resistance to mutations. This breakthrough could lead to the development of more ef...
Researchers at the University of Manchester have discovered how melanoma drugs can lead to cancer progression when treatment is stopped. Using a combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors shows promise in combating drug resistance in advanced metastatic melanoma.
A new study has discovered how ibrutinib resistance develops in CLL patients, identifying key gene mutations that weaken the drug's ability to bind with Bruton's tyrosine kinase. This understanding is crucial for developing effective alternative treatments for patients who develop resistance.
Researchers at the University of Montreal have discovered a novel mechanism of drug resistance in leukemia and other cancers, which is driven by overactivity of the GLI1 gene. The team has identified drugs that can inhibit this gene's activity, potentially switching cancer cells back into sensitivity to existing chemotherapy.
Researchers identified a tiny mutation in BTK as the cause of drug resistance to ibrutinib in CLL patients, which destabilizes binding and allows leukemic cells to multiply freely. The finding could guide development of new agents to treat drug-resistant disease.
Rapamycin, an immunosuppressant approved for use about 15 years ago, appears to mimic the ability of dietary restriction in helping animals live both longer and healthier. New research identifies why rapamycin increases insulin resistance and suggests a combination with metformin may provide benefits without unwanted side effects.
Researchers at VCU Massey Cancer Center have developed a novel combination therapy that reduces Mcl-1 expression and disrupts its interactions to effectively kill multiple myeloma cells. The therapy combines Chk1 and MEK inhibitors, showing promise in overcoming resistance caused by high expressions of Mcl-1.
Researchers identified a novel antiviral agent that blocks influenza infection in cell culture without developing resistance. The study suggests the potential of small molecule MK2206 as an effective treatment option for Tamiflu-resistant pH1N1 virus infections.
Researchers at the University of Manchester discovered a key role for protein Bid in mitosis-related cell death, which may help overcome chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer. By targeting Bid, resistant cells can be made more susceptible to treatment.
Scientists have identified a molecule called CD61 on the surface of drug-resistant tumors that induces tumor metastasis by enhancing cancer cell properties. The findings suggest that existing drugs can exploit this pathway to reverse drug resistance and re-sensitize tumors.
Scientists have discovered a way to combat malaria drug resistance by administering chloroquine twice daily. Researchers found that the parasite protein causing resistance has an Achilles' heel, rendering it vulnerable to repeated doses of the medication.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute have discovered a combination therapy that overcomes tumor cell resistance to cisplatin, a widely used cancer drug. The therapy, which involves combining a cell replication blocker with cisplatin, induces rapid and synergistic cell death in resistant tumor cells.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a tool to identify mutations that make the flu virus resistant to Tamiflu. By analyzing the genetic code of the virus, they discovered new mutations that may render the current treatment ineffective, highlighting the need for further investigation.
A phase 1 trial found ceritinib to be highly effective against both crizotinib-sensitive and resistant tumors with manageable side effects. The study enrolled 130 participants and showed dramatic shrinkage in tumor size and number in around 60% of patients.
Scientists used caffeinated fruit flies to map genetic variations associated with resistance to insecticides. The study identified two key genes that contribute to resistance, offering insights into developing more targeted and efficient pest control strategies. By exploring the genetics of xenobiotic resistance, researchers can uncove...
Researchers at Plant & Food Research identified falcarinol-type compounds that inhibit transport mechanisms interfering with cancer chemotherapy. These compounds, found in carrots and parsley, may complement conventional treatments to deliver better results for patients.
In the Central African Republic, stock-outs of antiretroviral drugs have led to mistrust among patients and reduced treatment adherence. The country's HIV-infected population of over 220,000 faces significant challenges in accessing life-saving medication.
Researchers tested anti-HIV drugs for their ability to suppress cell-to-cell transmission of the virus. The results show that NNRTIs, ENT-Is, and PIs remained highly effective against HIV cell-to-cell transmission.
Acetic acid in vinegar effectively kills drug-resistant tuberculosis bacteria and other stubborn mycobacteria. A 6% solution of acetic acid for 30 minutes reduces TB mycobacteria to undetectable levels, posing a low-risk alternative to toxic disinfectants.
Researchers found that a new preclinical study pinpointed a molecular mechanism in autophagy, spurring a clinical trial for patients with resistant melanoma. Blocking autophagy with the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) may enhance cancer cell death and improve outcomes for these patients.
Researchers discovered a new drug, spironolactone, that inhibits DNA repair mechanisms, making cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy. This finding has the potential to enhance cancer treatment protocols and improve patient outcomes.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have discovered a unique mechanism of drug resistance in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. The discovery provides new insights into how therapy-induced point mutations confer drug resistance and may lead to the design of new NNRTI drugs.
University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute scientists have found several potential possibilities to try if the cancer becomes resistant to standard drug treatment. They discovered that high-throughput screening of already FDA-approved drugs can identify new therapies that could be rapidly moved to the clinic.
A study found that patients with ALK+ non-small cell lung cancer can continue treating with crizotinib after receiving targeted radiation therapy to eliminate resistant disease pockets. This approach improves 2-year survival rates compared to those who discontinued the drug earlier.
A study in PLOS Genetics found that HIV drug resistance mutations can spread rapidly within a patient, leading to a homogeneous or heterogeneous viral population. The researchers estimate the effective population size of HIV to be around 150,000, which may help inform treatment strategies and predict resistance evolution.
A study in South Africa found that nearly half of XDR-TB patients discharged into the community were treatment failures, posing a significant risk to public health. The study also revealed that these patients could survive for months or even years, allowing them to infect others.
Researchers have designed compounds called quinine dimers that work against sensitive and resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite causing severe malaria. These compounds bind to and block resistance-conferring proteins, resensitizing parasites to chloroquine and killing them.