Articles tagged with Drug Resistance
Researchers have found that dual-agent chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer arises from unique genetic changes, distinct from single-agent resistance. This discovery may lead to new strategies for overcoming resistance and improving treatment outcomes.
In a phase I trial, ponatinib showed promising results in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), particularly for patients with the T315I mutation. The drug achieved complete hematologic responses in all 12 patients and major cytogenetic responses in 67% of those with other mutations.
A study identified a biomarker that can predict responses to cancer drugs and offers a way to treat drug-resistant tumors. The researchers discovered that inhibition of MED12, a gene mutated in cancers, causes drug resistance by enhancing signaling through the TGF-beta receptor.
A new targeted drug, regorafenib, has demonstrated its ability to control metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in patients who have become resistant to all existing therapies. The treatment improved disease control and survival rates for nearly four months longer than placebo.
A diabetes drug initially used to treat insulin resistance has shown promise in improving cognitive performance in some people with Alzheimer's disease. Researchers found that rosiglitazone enhanced learning and memory while normalizing insulin resistance by reducing the negative influence of Alzheimer's on brain-signaling molecules.
A team from the University of Manchester has identified a molecular biomarker that can predict which breast cancer patients are most likely to respond to tamoxifen treatment. The discovery could lead to more effective treatment options for patients who have not responded to traditional therapies.
The AMFm programme has improved access to affordable ACTs in eight countries, with over 155 million doses subsidised between 2010 and 2011. Market share of artemisinin monotherapies decreased in several countries, and private sector QAACT prices fell by up to 80%.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center investigated a novel combination of danusertib and bosutinib to overcome resistance in BCR-ABL gatekeeper mutation-specific disease. They found the synergy was not due to direct inhibition, but rather through the downstream MAPK signaling cascade and impaired activity of c-MYC gene regulator.
Researchers at Princeton University have developed a synthetic enzyme that stabilizes drug molecules, making them resistant to breakdown by the human liver. This approach could lead to improved existing drugs and easier production of radioactive tracer versions for medical imaging.
Scientists have observed that chloroquine is once again effective in combating malaria parasites, particularly in Senegal and other African countries. This development could lead to more affordable treatment options for millions of people in Africa, with the current treatment costing twice as much as chloroquine.
Researchers discovered polymorphisms in HIV-1 that improve resistance to drugs, even without the medication. This finding has significant implications for treating HIV-1 infection, as it suggests newly infected individuals can be drug-resistant before treatment.
A phase I/II study found that combining dabrafenib and trametinib delayed the development of treatment resistance in melanoma patients. The combination was at least twice as effective as BRAF inhibition alone, with significant delays in resistance emergence.
The Scripps Research Institute has received a $20 million grant to research HIV drug resistance and develop new anti-HIV treatments. The HIVE Center will investigate the structure and function of HIV, including how it responds to drugs used in AIDS therapy.
Researchers will examine cancer cell drug resistance and focus on prevention strategies using breast cancer as a proof-of-concept model. The goal is to minimize the probability of drug-resistant cancer cells emerging, which are a major cause of current cancer treatment failure.
Researchers discovered a HIV mutation that makes certain strains more susceptible to treatment. This knowledge will help doctors improve drug regimens for HIV-infected individuals by targeting the 172K polymorphism.
Researchers have found that an off-patent anti-inflammatory drug, oxyphenbutazone, can kill both replicating and non-replicating drug-resistant tuberculosis in laboratory tests. The effective drug may offer a potential new therapy for the over 500,000 people worldwide whose TB has become resistant to standard drug treatments.
A new mathematical model developed by Harvard scientists helps predict the likelihood of drug resistance in HIV patients, enabling the design of more effective treatment cocktails. The model uses data from clinical trials to simulate patient responses to varying drug dosages, providing a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians.
Researchers developed a realistic computer simulation to predict drug effects and identify why some treatments fail. The model factors in precise doses, prescription adherence, and viral replication to help develop better combination therapies.
Renal denervation significantly and sustainably lowers blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension, reducing risk of kidney disease and cardiovascular events. The Symplicity HTN-2 trial demonstrates the procedure's effectiveness in achieving substantial blood pressure reductions for up to 18 months.
Research at ESC Congress 2012 found that renal denervation regenerates blood vessels, reducing cardiovascular events. The procedure improves central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness in patients with resistant hypertension, suggesting a potential 'fountain of youth' for blood vessels.
Researchers have discovered a range of protein targets in Bacillus anthracis that could be used to create new drugs, potentially reducing the risk of resistance. The identification of novel targets is crucial in the fight against anthrax and biological weapon threats.
A new technology developed by scientists can authenticate drugs in minutes, helping patients in developing countries receive real treatments instead of counterfeit ones. The device uses mass spectrometry and can distinguish between genuine and fake medications.
Researchers identified a brain signal that can predict which depressed patients will respond to ketamine, a rapid-acting antidepressant. The signal also holds clues to the agent's mechanism of action, which may lead to more personalized treatment.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have identified a universal enzyme essential for influenza virus replication, paving the way for the development of new antiviral drugs that can effectively treat and prevent drug-resistant strains. The discovery may lead to the creation of drugs that not only target influenza but als...
A team of researchers used computational analysis to identify a new therapeutic strategy for treating drug-resistant breast cancer. The study found that disrupting glucose metabolism is an effective approach, targeting existing drugs like Lapatinib. This discovery may offer improved treatments for breast cancer patients.
A new study assessing HIV drug resistance shows rising rates in some areas of Africa since antiretroviral therapy roll-out. The prevalence of drug resistance has increased significantly, mainly driven by non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) resistance in East and Southern Africa.
The FDA Antiviral Advisory Committee discusses the pros and cons of Truvada approval for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Dr. Judith Feinberg votes in favor of approval, citing good outcomes and tolerability, while Dr. Lauren V. Wood expresses concerns about inconsistent evidence, adherence issues, and safety concerns. Primary care phy...
Belgian scientists have developed a simple assay to track 'superparasites', a type of Leishmania parasite that causes deadly visceral leishmaniasis. This breakthrough could help monitor the spread and emergence of these drug-resistant microbes, contributing to better control of the disease.
A new article by Brown University researchers reveals that adopting generic drugs was crucial to the success of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPfAR). The program has reduced its annual per person spending on antiretroviral medicines to $300, and now provides treatment to nearly 2 out of 3 individuals in need.
New research suggests that normal cells within the tumor, part of the tumor microenvironment, may supply factors that help cancer cells grow and survive despite anti-cancer drugs. The study found that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is linked to BRAF inhibitor drug resistance in melanoma.
Researchers confirm indoor insecticide spraying reduces malaria deaths by 62% and finds DDT may be effective in areas with intense disease transmission. However, concerns over health risks must be weighed against its potential to reduce malaria illnesses and deaths.
Researchers at UCSF have discovered that a human protein called AXL drives resistance to Tarceva, which suggests that blocking the protein may prevent resistance to the cancer drug. This discovery may lead to better treatments involving precision medicines that combine Tarceva with new drugs designed to block AXL.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center say cancer's evolutionary principles hold the key to thwarting emergence of drug resistance. By anticipating and adapting to environmental forces, they propose developing 'adaptive therapies' to improve outcomes.
Researchers developed a new method to extract parasite DNA from patient blood samples, allowing for rapid analysis of malaria genomes. The study found unique differences in malaria development between Africa, Asia, and Oceania, with potential hotspots of drug resistance identified.
Researchers at Harvard University have found that pre-existing mutations in the HIV virus can cause it to develop resistance to drugs used to slow disease progression. This discovery could lead to more effective treatments and opens up possibilities for prevention of drug resistance.
A recent study found that pre-existing mutations in HIV patients can cause the virus to develop resistance to drugs used to slow its progression. The study, published in PLOS Computational Biology, suggests that understanding how resistance evolves may lead to the development of more effective treatments.
An investigational diabetes drug appears to improve insulin sensitivity in mice without the troublesome side effects of current medications, such as weight gain and bone fractures. The drug works through a different pathway, targeting mitochondria instead of PPARγ receptors.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have been awarded a $5.9 million NIH grant to develop a new TB vaccine against multi-drug resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains. The approach is based on genetically altered Mycobacterium smegmatis, which can generate a robust immune response in animals.
A new study published in Biochemistry found that the swine flu virus H1N1-2009 develops resistance to drugs Relenza and Tamiflu by mutating its NA enzyme, specifically the '150-loop' region. This mutation reduces drug effectiveness by 21 times for Relenza and 12,374 times for Tamiflu.
The Lancet review finds that poor-quality antimalarial drugs are a major threat to global efforts to control and eliminate malaria. In Southeast Asia, over a third of analyzed drugs failed chemical testing, while in sub-Saharan Africa, nearly half were found to be fake or contained incorrect active ingredients.
A National Institutes of Health study reveals that up to 42% of antimalarial drugs are either poor quality or fake, compromising treatment efficacy and spreading drug resistance. The research emphasizes the need for improved quality control measures and regulatory oversight to protect vulnerable populations.
Researchers have discovered biomarkers that predict response to treatment and proposed therapeutic solutions for patients who do not respond well. The study identifies the molecular mechanisms determining patients' response to certain drugs used in clinical trials.
Breast cancer cells that develop resistance to tamoxifen therapy increase production of metadherin, a protein associated with recurrence. Reintroducing microRNA 375 restores sensitivity to the drug, suggesting its role in malignancy and resistance development.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have found a new way to overcome resistance to drugs that target the BRAF gene mutation in melanoma. The study, led by Jeffrey S. Weber and Keiran S. Smalley, showed that an inhibitor called XL888 can restore effectiveness in patients who have developed resistance to existing treatments.
Researchers at RIKEN Brain Science Institute discovered a yeast prion called Mod5 that confers survival advantages by granting cellular resistance to antifungal agents. The study reveals the active role of prion conversion in cellular fitness adaptation, providing new insights into the broader function of prions in living organisms.
Researchers use groundbreaking gene sequencing technology to rapidly detect FLT3 mutations in AML patients who have relapsed on therapy. This discovery may help develop new therapies to treat AML, a type of leukemia characterized by rapid white blood cell growth.
A team from UNC Health Care has developed a broad-based test to measure the activation of protein kinases, enabling the measurement of drug resistance in cancer. The test can identify combinations of drugs that block resistance, offering personalized therapies for breast cancer.
A recent study published in the Lancet found a critical point in global efforts to control and eliminate malaria due to artemisinin resistance in western Thailand. Researchers identified a major region of the malaria parasite genome associated with artemisinin resistance, raising hope for effective molecular markers to monitor its spread.
A genetics study identifies key genome region underlying artemisinin resistance in malaria parasite, increasing concern about its spread to India and Africa. The region may provide a tool for mapping resistance, but containing its spread is expected to be challenging.
A new study reveals that artemisinin-resistant malaria has emerged and increased rapidly along the Thailand-Myanmar border, with parasite clearance half-lives lengthening from 2.6 hours in 2001 to 3.7 hours in 2010. The proportion of slow-clearing infections increased from 0.6% in 2001 to 20% in 2010.
Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine have devised a treatment that prevents optic nerve injury in glaucoma by exposing mice to low levels of oxygen. The study found that preconditioning induced tolerance protects against neurodegenerative disease, with mice losing only 3% of retinal ganglion cell bodies after 10 weeks.
Researchers propose that non-genetic resistance can occur before genetic mutations, changing the approach to designing combination therapies. This new perspective aims to improve outcomes by understanding how cancers evolve and adapt to extreme challenges.
A study by researchers at the University of Montreal identified cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable opioid pain drug tolerance. They found that receptor recycling plays a key role in tolerance development, suggesting potential strategies for designing longer-acting analgesics.
Researchers at Yale University have created a compound that prevents the growth of the malaria parasite within red blood cells. The compound, developed by Sidney Altman and his team, shows promise in combating drug-resistant strains of the disease, which kills over 1 million people annually.
A study by UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center found that patients with both MEK1 and BRAF mutations respond equally well to BRAF inhibitor drugs, challenging conventional wisdom. The presence of both mutations does not contribute to drug resistance in melanoma patients.
Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute found that MLN4924-resistant cancer cells escape death due to a simple mutation in the NEDD8-activating enzyme. The team developed a method to predict how cancer patients will respond to this drug, providing a new path toward personalized medicine.
A study found that a genetic variation in the BIM gene variant occurs in about 15% of the typical East Asian population and contributes to some patients' failure to benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs. The researchers identified a novel class of BH3-mimetics as a potential treatment option to overcome this resistance.
A new study by researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center has found that the XL888 inhibitor can prevent resistance to chemotherapy drug vemurafenib in melanoma patients, leading to induced apoptosis response and tumor regression. The study suggests a novel approach to managing drug resistance using broadly targeted strategies.
Researchers recommend a stop-and-go approach to balance oxaliplatin dose with neurological side effects, maximizing effectiveness while minimizing harm. Supplements such as calcium and magnesium may mitigate drug damage, improving patient outcomes.
Researchers have mapped the molecular structure of restriction enzymes found in many bacteria, shedding light on how they control bacterial resistance to antibiotics. This knowledge could aid in developing new treatments for superbugs like MRSA, which become resistant to most drugs through genetic exchange.