Articles tagged with Drug Resistance
Researchers have identified several genes that may contribute to the malaria parasite's ability to evade antimalarial drugs. One of these genes, PF10_0355, was found to render drug-sensitive parasites more resistant to three standard antimalarial agents when introduced into them.
A new drug, DCC-2036, has shown potential in treating leukemia patients who have developed resistance to standard treatment. The study found that the drug was effective against human leukemia cells and prolonged survival in a mouse model of CML.
Researchers at UMMS have developed a novel technique called EMPIRIC to produce all possible individual mutations and analyze their impact on cells. This approach enables the systematic screening of viral genomes for likelihood to develop drug resistance.
The Rheos System, a device that regulates blood pressure like a pacemaker regulates heart rhythm, helped lower blood pressure by 33 points. This substantial drop could require up to five additional drugs to control difficult-to-treat hypertension in patients with resistant hypertension.
A systematic review and pooled analysis found that low-frequency HIV-1 drug resistance mutations are associated with a 2.3 times increased risk of virologic failure in treatment-naive adults, particularly those with NNRTI-resistant minority variants.
Researchers discovered that ionizing radiation drives overexpression and activity of MET through the ATM and NF-κB signaling pathways, making some tumor cells resistant to radiation. Inhibiting MET counteracted this increased invasiveness, promoting apoptosis in tumor cells and enhancing the effect of radiation.
Rapid resistance to novel antiviral therapy develops in response to direct antiviral drugs for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. New HCV treatments face resistance concerns, experts advise careful prescription and monitoring to minimize rapid development. NS3-protease and NS5A inhibitors block essential enzymes for HCV replication.
Researchers found low Rho GDI-alpha protein levels in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer tumors, predicting recurrence. MTA2 protein levels rose with declining Rho GDI-alpha, combining to predict tumor progression.
Researchers have identified a promising new approach to treating alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma by targeting the Igf1r and Her2 pathways. This method has shown promise in preventing resistance to current treatments, with significant increases in tumor cell killing when combining inhibitors.
A new treatment approach targeting CML stem cells is being tested, offering a potential cure for patients resistant to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Hydroxychloroquine has shown promise in killing cancer cells undergoing autophagy, a state that allows them to survive and return after standard therapy.
A study found that genetic mutations leading to HIV/AIDS resistance in infants may develop from maternal antiretroviral drugs via breastfeeding. The authors suggest monitoring infants exposed to breast milk with low levels of ARVs and tailoring treatment accordingly.
A third of patients with resistant hypertension were found to have 'white coat' hypertension during ambulatory monitoring. The study suggests that those with true resistant hypertension show high blood pressure at work and during the night, but their cardiovascular outcomes are better than previously thought.
Researchers found that HIV requires base excision repair proteins to integrate its DNA into the host genome, identifying novel targets for anti-HIV drugs. The study suggests that drugs targeting these cellular proteins may avoid resistance and have fewer side effects.
Researchers at UCLA developed a 'roadmap' of complex signaling processes in cancer that could lead to new methods for diagnosing and overcoming drug resistance. The study identifies points of susceptibility that can be targeted by 'cocktail' therapies to prevent drug resistance.
Researchers identified two previously unreported resistance mechanisms and found that resistance-conferring mutations can disappear after treatment is discontinued. Repeat biopsies provide critical information for guiding treatment decisions.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered a brain signaling pathway that induces leptin resistance, leading to decreased satiety and increased visceral fat. Activating this pathway, known as cAMP-EPAC, can induce leptin resistance in hypothalamic neurons, a critical site of leptin action.
A recent study found that transmitted drug-resistant (TDR) HIV significantly increases the likelihood of treatment failure, with patients more than three times as likely to experience virological failure. However, pre-treatment genotypic testing and use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors can minimize this risk.
A Michigan State University researcher is conducting a cohort study to analyze seizures in HIV-positive patients and examine the effects of antiepileptic drugs on antiretroviral medicines. The study aims to determine whether dual treatment increases the risk of drug failure, AIDS, or death.
A new study found that protease inhibitors (PIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are equally effective as initial treatment for children with HIV, delaying switch to second-line drugs does not impact long-term outcomes. Regular monitoring of viral load is crucial to prevent resistance.
A new study has identified over 30 breast cancer gene targets involved in drug resistance to chemotherapy, including several novel genes. The findings may aid in the development of a more personalized approach to therapy and early screening for those who may become resistant to treatment.
Researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio found that resveratrol stimulates the expression of adiponectin, a hormone with wide-ranging benefits for obesity-related medical complications. This discovery provides important information on the development of novel therapeutic drugs for these diseases.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute found that tumor cells can adapt to BRAF inhibitors by re-routing signals through alternate pathways. To overcome resistance, targeting multiple signaling pathways simultaneously is key, with compounds in clinical development showing promise.
Researchers found that overexpression of HOXB7 gene leads to tamoxifen resistance by interacting with estrogen-activated genes and proteins, including HER2. Knocking out HOXB7 gene increased responsiveness to tamoxifen in breast cancer cells.
Recent studies reveal a rise in dual-resistance among certain influenza viruses, their increased transmission, and the limited availability of alternative treatment options. This poses significant public health concerns.
A Phase I trial indicates that ponatinib produces significant hematologic and cytogenetic responses in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who have developed resistance to standard treatments. The drug showed strong efficacy in patients with the T315I mutation, which is resistant to current therapies.
Certain types of aggressive breast cancer cells bypass tumor suppression mechanisms due to the presence of Her2 proteins. The study found that protein Lip produced by these cells deactivates protective responses such as TGF-β and OIS, allowing them to grow uncontrolledly.
A research team has pinpointed a novel cancer gene called COT (MAP3K8) as a key player behind drug resistance in melanoma. The study provides a framework for discovering ways to tackle cancer drug resistance and identifies potential targets for new treatments.
Researchers have found that patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma develop resistance to targeted treatment PLX4032 through genetic mutations or cell surface protein overexpression, accounting for 40% of cases. The study aims to develop new therapies targeting these mechanisms.
A major study demonstrates the effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing HIV infection risk in high-risk individuals. The iPrEx study found that PrEP reduced HIV infections by an average of 43.8% in participants who received the medication, with consistent use providing even greater protection.
Researchers found that HIV protease inhibitors block glucose transport, leading to insulin resistance. The discovery provides potential for safer antiviral drugs and better understanding of glucose transport in health and disease.
A global effort combines technologies and expertise from Canada and India to develop new classes of antimalarial drugs, targeting three key malaria targets. The program also harnesses novel technologies for slow-release medication delivery, potentially leading to a 'one pill cure' and reducing drug resistance.
A new oral direct-acting antiviral drug combination has shown promising antiviral activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The treatment, which combines RG7128 and danoprevir, was well-tolerated and resulted in a significant reduction in viral load in some patients.
Researchers have identified a gene that enables malaria parasites to resist artemisinin treatment, leading to potential development of new drugs and control strategies.
Scientists at the University of Illinois Chicago have found a gene expression mechanism that contributes to drug resistance in aggressive ER-positive breast tumors. The study reveals how estrogen and inflammatory proteins work together to drive cancer progression.
Researchers at Florida State University developed a novel genetic screening method to identify drug-resistant HCV strains and molecular-level mechanisms. This technology also works on HIV and influenza, offering a potentially life-saving solution for over 170 million people worldwide infected with HCV.
Researchers found that genes in a signaling network, not just individual molecules, contribute to resistance. Most genes were not mutated, but rather altered their function to evade treatment. The study's findings highlight the need for new therapeutic approaches targeting the complex interactions within cancer cell networks.
HIV-1 virus uses ATP to remove AZT, a widely used AIDS treatment, allowing it to replicate itself. This discovery helps researchers understand why anti-AIDS treatments can fail, enabling the development of more effective treatments for HIV patients.
A chemical compound, NITD609, has shown promising results in clearing malaria parasites from mice after a single oral dose. The compound targets a parasite protein not attacked by existing malaria drugs and has desirable features for a new malaria therapy.
Researchers have identified a way to preserve nerve cells in a rat model of stroke and developed a modified adenovirus vaccine that provides protection against malaria in mice. The vaccine targets a protein called TRPC6, which is involved in protecting nerve cells from death after a stroke.
A new HIV drug candidate called PIE12-trimer has been developed by a University of Utah biochemist, which prevents the virus from attacking human cells. The compound is designed with a unique resistance capacitor that makes it effective against emerging drug-resistant viruses.
A CSHL-led team found that increased IL-6 secretion can lead to decreased sensitivity to Tarceva, a targeted therapy for lung cancer. They also discovered that tumor cells with up-regulated TGF-β and increased IL-6 secretion were resistant to treatment independently of the EGFR pathway.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University developed new techniques to identify drug resistance in malaria, enabling faster detection and saving lives. By using genetic assays and mathematical analysis, they can track drug immunity of the deadliest form of the disease in just days, far cheaper than traditional methods.
A new lab test developed by Japanese scientists can accurately predict imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. The test measures protein levels and activity markers to identify resistant cells and determine the next therapeutic option, including dose escalation or combination therapy.
Researchers found that TB bacteria tip the balance between cell death types, affecting immune response. Drugs targeting eicosanoid production may offer new treatment options for TB.
A global survey of people living with HIV/AIDS found a significant gap in patient-physician dialogue, with discussions often lacking on chronic illnesses, treatment side effects, and co-morbid conditions. Co-morbidities like cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol, and hepatitis C are prevalent among PLWHA.
Penn State's Liwang Cui leads a seven-year, $14.5 million project to combat malaria in Southeast Asia. The center will address research needs in regions with high malaria morbidity and mortality rates.
Researchers at UT Southwestern identified 172 compounds with potential as new anti-malarial drugs, offering a promising tool in combating the disease. The compounds were discovered through high-throughput screening of a vast chemical compound library.
New research highlights the risk of drug resistance if routine ARV screening is not done, particularly in people unknowingly infected. Studies suggest that incorporating regular testing and monitoring can mitigate this risk, emphasizing the importance of routine HIV testing in any prevention program using ARVs.
Researchers at UB and CDC develop gold nanorod delivery system for immune-boosting RNA molecule that targets influenza virus, promoting interferon production and inhibiting viral replication. The therapy has potential to treat a range of infectious diseases, including H1N1, avian flu and Ebola.
Researchers identified biomarkers associated with stable kidney graft function in patients without immunosuppressants and a molecular signature indicative of future organ failure. These findings may help design personalized treatment regimens for kidney transplant recipients.
A UBC study found that seniors and low-income earners are more likely to be long-term users of benzodiazepines, which can lead to dependence, tolerance, cognitive impairment, and increased risk of falls. The study suggests that prescribing practices should target younger populations to reduce long-term use
Scientists at the University of Gothenburg have created a method to develop safer drugs by simulating metabolism and identifying potentially toxic metabolites. This approach has been successfully applied to the antimalarial drug amodiaquine, which was withdrawn due to liver damage and immune system impairment.
Researchers predict that a combination of drugs targeting three or more mutated strains of the hepatitis C virus is necessary to eradicate the virus. The findings suggest that a new treatment approach involving multiple direct-acting antivirals may be needed, potentially shortening treatment duration and improving cure rates.
Researchers use whole-genome sequencing to identify increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers in a patient. The study also reveals genetic variants associated with good response to statins, resistance to clopidogrel, and lower maintenance dosing of warfarin.
Researchers discovered that activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR) slows the growth of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. FXR inhibition reduced survivability in both sensitive and resistant cell types, with more significant effects on the resistant MCF-7TR cells.
Researchers at MIT discovered that tumor cells develop enhanced DNA repair pathways to evade cell death when treated with cisplatin. This finding offers insights into the mechanisms of resistance and may lead to the development of more effective cancer treatments.
Researchers found that four HIV anti-drugs inhibit XMRV replication, potentially offering a new treatment for prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome. Combination therapies may also delay or prevent the virus from mutating into drug-resistant forms.
Researchers at MGH Cancer Center found reversible drug tolerance in some cancer cells, associated with changes in chromatin structure. This nongenetic mechanism may be a fundamental property of many tumor cell populations, and potential therapeutic strategies are being explored.
Two people with compromised immune systems developed drug-resistant strains of the 2009 H1N1 virus after less than two weeks on therapy. Both patients showed clinical resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir, emphasizing the need for alternative treatment strategies.
A new combination drug treatment has been found to be effective in controlling parasitic worms, reducing the need for repeated treatments and minimizing drug resistance. The dual therapy uses a protein crystal made by bacteria, which works by a different mechanism than existing levamisole-like drugs.