Articles tagged with Drug Resistance
A new study has identified over 30 breast cancer gene targets involved in drug resistance to chemotherapy, including several novel genes. The findings may aid in the development of a more personalized approach to therapy and early screening for those who may become resistant to treatment.
Researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio found that resveratrol stimulates the expression of adiponectin, a hormone with wide-ranging benefits for obesity-related medical complications. This discovery provides important information on the development of novel therapeutic drugs for these diseases.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute found that tumor cells can adapt to BRAF inhibitors by re-routing signals through alternate pathways. To overcome resistance, targeting multiple signaling pathways simultaneously is key, with compounds in clinical development showing promise.
Researchers found that overexpression of HOXB7 gene leads to tamoxifen resistance by interacting with estrogen-activated genes and proteins, including HER2. Knocking out HOXB7 gene increased responsiveness to tamoxifen in breast cancer cells.
Recent studies reveal a rise in dual-resistance among certain influenza viruses, their increased transmission, and the limited availability of alternative treatment options. This poses significant public health concerns.
A Phase I trial indicates that ponatinib produces significant hematologic and cytogenetic responses in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who have developed resistance to standard treatments. The drug showed strong efficacy in patients with the T315I mutation, which is resistant to current therapies.
Certain types of aggressive breast cancer cells bypass tumor suppression mechanisms due to the presence of Her2 proteins. The study found that protein Lip produced by these cells deactivates protective responses such as TGF-β and OIS, allowing them to grow uncontrolledly.
A research team has pinpointed a novel cancer gene called COT (MAP3K8) as a key player behind drug resistance in melanoma. The study provides a framework for discovering ways to tackle cancer drug resistance and identifies potential targets for new treatments.
Researchers have found that patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma develop resistance to targeted treatment PLX4032 through genetic mutations or cell surface protein overexpression, accounting for 40% of cases. The study aims to develop new therapies targeting these mechanisms.
A major study demonstrates the effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing HIV infection risk in high-risk individuals. The iPrEx study found that PrEP reduced HIV infections by an average of 43.8% in participants who received the medication, with consistent use providing even greater protection.
Researchers found that HIV protease inhibitors block glucose transport, leading to insulin resistance. The discovery provides potential for safer antiviral drugs and better understanding of glucose transport in health and disease.
A global effort combines technologies and expertise from Canada and India to develop new classes of antimalarial drugs, targeting three key malaria targets. The program also harnesses novel technologies for slow-release medication delivery, potentially leading to a 'one pill cure' and reducing drug resistance.
A new oral direct-acting antiviral drug combination has shown promising antiviral activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The treatment, which combines RG7128 and danoprevir, was well-tolerated and resulted in a significant reduction in viral load in some patients.
Researchers have identified a gene that enables malaria parasites to resist artemisinin treatment, leading to potential development of new drugs and control strategies.
Scientists at the University of Illinois Chicago have found a gene expression mechanism that contributes to drug resistance in aggressive ER-positive breast tumors. The study reveals how estrogen and inflammatory proteins work together to drive cancer progression.
Researchers at Florida State University developed a novel genetic screening method to identify drug-resistant HCV strains and molecular-level mechanisms. This technology also works on HIV and influenza, offering a potentially life-saving solution for over 170 million people worldwide infected with HCV.
Researchers found that genes in a signaling network, not just individual molecules, contribute to resistance. Most genes were not mutated, but rather altered their function to evade treatment. The study's findings highlight the need for new therapeutic approaches targeting the complex interactions within cancer cell networks.
HIV-1 virus uses ATP to remove AZT, a widely used AIDS treatment, allowing it to replicate itself. This discovery helps researchers understand why anti-AIDS treatments can fail, enabling the development of more effective treatments for HIV patients.
A chemical compound, NITD609, has shown promising results in clearing malaria parasites from mice after a single oral dose. The compound targets a parasite protein not attacked by existing malaria drugs and has desirable features for a new malaria therapy.
Researchers have identified a way to preserve nerve cells in a rat model of stroke and developed a modified adenovirus vaccine that provides protection against malaria in mice. The vaccine targets a protein called TRPC6, which is involved in protecting nerve cells from death after a stroke.
A new HIV drug candidate called PIE12-trimer has been developed by a University of Utah biochemist, which prevents the virus from attacking human cells. The compound is designed with a unique resistance capacitor that makes it effective against emerging drug-resistant viruses.
A CSHL-led team found that increased IL-6 secretion can lead to decreased sensitivity to Tarceva, a targeted therapy for lung cancer. They also discovered that tumor cells with up-regulated TGF-β and increased IL-6 secretion were resistant to treatment independently of the EGFR pathway.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University developed new techniques to identify drug resistance in malaria, enabling faster detection and saving lives. By using genetic assays and mathematical analysis, they can track drug immunity of the deadliest form of the disease in just days, far cheaper than traditional methods.
Researchers found that TB bacteria tip the balance between cell death types, affecting immune response. Drugs targeting eicosanoid production may offer new treatment options for TB.
A new lab test developed by Japanese scientists can accurately predict imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. The test measures protein levels and activity markers to identify resistant cells and determine the next therapeutic option, including dose escalation or combination therapy.
A global survey of people living with HIV/AIDS found a significant gap in patient-physician dialogue, with discussions often lacking on chronic illnesses, treatment side effects, and co-morbid conditions. Co-morbidities like cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol, and hepatitis C are prevalent among PLWHA.
Penn State's Liwang Cui leads a seven-year, $14.5 million project to combat malaria in Southeast Asia. The center will address research needs in regions with high malaria morbidity and mortality rates.
Researchers at UT Southwestern identified 172 compounds with potential as new anti-malarial drugs, offering a promising tool in combating the disease. The compounds were discovered through high-throughput screening of a vast chemical compound library.
New research highlights the risk of drug resistance if routine ARV screening is not done, particularly in people unknowingly infected. Studies suggest that incorporating regular testing and monitoring can mitigate this risk, emphasizing the importance of routine HIV testing in any prevention program using ARVs.
Researchers at UB and CDC develop gold nanorod delivery system for immune-boosting RNA molecule that targets influenza virus, promoting interferon production and inhibiting viral replication. The therapy has potential to treat a range of infectious diseases, including H1N1, avian flu and Ebola.
Researchers identified biomarkers associated with stable kidney graft function in patients without immunosuppressants and a molecular signature indicative of future organ failure. These findings may help design personalized treatment regimens for kidney transplant recipients.
A UBC study found that seniors and low-income earners are more likely to be long-term users of benzodiazepines, which can lead to dependence, tolerance, cognitive impairment, and increased risk of falls. The study suggests that prescribing practices should target younger populations to reduce long-term use
Scientists at the University of Gothenburg have created a method to develop safer drugs by simulating metabolism and identifying potentially toxic metabolites. This approach has been successfully applied to the antimalarial drug amodiaquine, which was withdrawn due to liver damage and immune system impairment.
Researchers predict that a combination of drugs targeting three or more mutated strains of the hepatitis C virus is necessary to eradicate the virus. The findings suggest that a new treatment approach involving multiple direct-acting antivirals may be needed, potentially shortening treatment duration and improving cure rates.
Researchers use whole-genome sequencing to identify increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers in a patient. The study also reveals genetic variants associated with good response to statins, resistance to clopidogrel, and lower maintenance dosing of warfarin.
Researchers discovered that activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR) slows the growth of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. FXR inhibition reduced survivability in both sensitive and resistant cell types, with more significant effects on the resistant MCF-7TR cells.
Researchers at MIT discovered that tumor cells develop enhanced DNA repair pathways to evade cell death when treated with cisplatin. This finding offers insights into the mechanisms of resistance and may lead to the development of more effective cancer treatments.
Researchers found that four HIV anti-drugs inhibit XMRV replication, potentially offering a new treatment for prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome. Combination therapies may also delay or prevent the virus from mutating into drug-resistant forms.
Researchers at MGH Cancer Center found reversible drug tolerance in some cancer cells, associated with changes in chromatin structure. This nongenetic mechanism may be a fundamental property of many tumor cell populations, and potential therapeutic strategies are being explored.
Two people with compromised immune systems developed drug-resistant strains of the 2009 H1N1 virus after less than two weeks on therapy. Both patients showed clinical resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir, emphasizing the need for alternative treatment strategies.
A new combination drug treatment has been found to be effective in controlling parasitic worms, reducing the need for repeated treatments and minimizing drug resistance. The dual therapy uses a protein crystal made by bacteria, which works by a different mechanism than existing levamisole-like drugs.
Research found that UK prisoners have significantly higher rates of drug-resistant TB, with one in three cases resistant to treatment, and poorer treatment outcomes compared to other TB patients.
Research at Ohio State University suggests that pandemic H1N1 flu strains may become resistant to Tamiflu, the primary antiviral drug used to treat the disease. The study found that mutations in the neuraminidase protein of seasonal and pandemic H1N1 viruses drove the development of resistance to Tamiflu.
Researchers found that single-dose nevirapine can trigger resistance to AIDS-drug cocktail, but this resistance fades after 12 months. Women who need treatment within a year of using nevirapine for HIV prevention can use standard ART regimens.
Van Andel Research Institute researchers found a way to reverse resistance to sunitinib, a treatment for clear cell renal cell carcinoma, by administering sunitinib and IL-8 neutralizing antibodies. This discovery may help predict patients' response to the treatment.
An international team of researchers has decoded the genomic blueprint of Plasmodium falciparum, a strain of malaria most resistant to drugs. The discovery may lead to advanced pharmaceuticals and help prevent drug resistance among the 250 million people infected by malaria each year.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center discover a compound found in feverfew may block pro-survival signals in breast cancer cells resistant to tamoxifen. This finding provides insight into the biological roots of resistance and tests a novel way to overcome it.
A recent study published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that women with type 2 diabetes who take thiazolidinediones are at a higher risk for developing bone fractures. Women over 65 years old were shown to be particularly susceptible, with a 50% increased risk after one year of treatment.
Researchers identified two compounds that bind to novel parts of the HIV protease enzyme, which could improve potency of existing treatments and combat drug-resistant strains. These findings open a new approach to drug design against HIV protease, targeting non-active sites that may help restore effectiveness against resistant superbugs.
A proteomics study reveals prohibitin1 as a protein involved in taxane resistance, which could be targeted with drugs to make cancers more susceptible to chemotherapy. Suppressing prohibitin1 may also serve as a biomarker for predicting patient response to chemotherapy.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute discovered a gene activity signature predicting high cancer recurrence risk in breast tumors treated with chemotherapy drugs. The study suggests that these tumors may still be vulnerable to other types of chemotherapy agents.
A research team at Uppsala University discovered that point mutation can introduce new functions into an enzyme without major structural alterations. This finding may explain the emergence of resistance to toxins in various organisms, including insects, viruses, bacteria, and tumors.
Researchers have identified a set of proteins related to the malaria parasite that can serve as new drug targets. The discovery uses a plant-based model, Arabidopsis, to understand how these proteins normally function, which could lead to the development of more effective antimalarial drugs.
Researchers have developed a novel way to trace mutations in HIV that lead to drug resistance. By comparing sequences of HIV from treated and untreated patients, they identified clusters of mutations that help the virus escape treatment. This breakthrough could enable doctors to tailor drug cocktails to individual patient strains.
Prions, infectious protein particles devoid of DNA, can develop mutations and adapt through natural selection, leading to drug resistance. The study suggests that normal prion proteins may be more effective therapeutic targets than their abnormal forms, offering new hope for treating deadly neurodegenerative diseases.
A new study presents a promising approach to re-sensitize breast cancer to standard therapy after it becomes resistant. The treatment combination of an aromatase inhibitor and sorafenib shows encouraging responses in 20% of post-menopausal women with metastatic breast cancer, offering a potential new treatment option.
A new mouse model of lung cancer has been developed that replicates the resistance of human lung cancer cells to certain treatments. The study identified secondary mutations in the EGFR gene that contribute to this resistance, which may be targetable with specific drugs.
The university's School of Medicine will oversee two international trial sites in Uganda and the Philippines to test new TB treatments and regimens. The contract aims to improve TB treatment and control programs globally, benefiting millions of people affected by the disease.
Researchers used computer search algorithms to identify fragments of FDA-approved drugs that could inhibit neuraminidase proteins, a key target for treating swine and avian influenza. The study suggests six compounds with potential as new medicines if emerging viruses develop resistance to current therapies.
A new drug, SPC3649, developed by Santaris Pharma, targets liver cells and showed a substantial drop in blood levels of the virus in animals, continuing to work after treatment stopped. The study also suggests that this technology could be useful for treating other diseases like HIV, cancer, and inflammatory diseases.