Articles tagged with Drug Resistance
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine found that the HIV drug nevirapine persists in the breast milk and blood of infected mothers for at least two weeks, putting them and their babies at risk for developing drug-resistant strains. The study suggests that better combination antiretroviral treatment could prevent this risk.
A McGill University study reveals that previously ignored parts of the HIV genome play a key role in developing drug resistance. The research explains how these hidden mutations affect the virus, providing new insights into HIV treatment.
A study found that sensitive HIV testing can detect low-level drug-resistant strains in patients who have not received anti-HIV drugs. In some cases, these resistant strains were present before treatment began and contributed to treatment failure. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified Top2A and Top1 enzymes as significant contributors to chemotherapy drug resistance. The team developed a novel screening technique to investigate the genetic basis of cancer therapy response, which could be applied widely to explore genetic mechanisms underlying drug resistance.
Researchers discovered high levels of ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli among Amerindians from Guyanese rainforest, despite no reported use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Chloroquine treatment for malaria may contribute to bacterial resistance.
Researchers isolated over two dozen novel compounds that could serve as backup anti-viral drugs against avian flu. These compounds showed potentially stronger or equal inhibition than current remedies, including Tamiflu and Relenza.
Researchers found that LYN kinase activation is associated with imatinib resistance in CML patients, a mechanism not explained by BCR-ABL mutations. Blocking LYN kinase restores imatinib responsiveness and triggers cell death.
A study found that chemicals in cigarette smoke activate nerves in guinea pig airways, causing damage. Leptin levels also play a role in weight loss, with low levels helping protect against weight regain.
A study found that metformin treatment delayed menstruation and decreased insulin resistance in young girls at risk of early puberty. The treatment also reduced abdominal fat and improved cholesterol levels, lowering the risk of future heart disease.
A new class of compounds, cyclopenta[b]benzofuran flavaglines, has been found to inhibit translation initiation and reverse cancer cell resistance to anticancer agents. This approach targets the eIF4A protein, which plays a central role in translation initiation.
A new class of natural compounds has been identified that can enhance the sensitivity of mouse cancer cells to standard anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. Fever, on the other hand, is associated with prolonged QT intervals in heart cells of patients with LQT-2, a potentially fatal genetic disease. These findings suggest potential ther...
A novel small molecule inhibitor reduced both endogenous and drug-induced resistance to chemotherapy in a mouse model of melanoma. Low melatonin levels are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, according to a prospective case-control study.
The American Heart Association recommends modifying lifestyle factors such as reducing salt intake, losing weight, and drinking less alcohol to treat resistant hypertension. Effective treatment also requires better diagnosis of secondary causes and effective use of multiple-drug treatments, including long-acting diuretics and mineraloc...
A study published in The Lancet found that primary hyperaldosteronism is more common than previously thought, particularly in patients with resistant hypertension. Researchers analyzed data from 20 years and confirmed the diagnosis using salt suppression tests and spironolactone treatment.
Researchers at the University of Oklahoma found that Fluvastatin significantly lowered viral load for up to six weeks in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The study aims to improve the cure rate by combining Fluvastatin with standard treatment.
A St. Jude Children's Research Hospital study identified genes involved in DNA synthesis and repair that contribute to methotrexate resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The study found distinct gene expression profiles among patients who responded well or poorly to methotrexate, predicting treatment response and diseas...
Researchers identified an association between gene expression and response to methotrexate treatment in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The study suggests that genomic profiling could help predict response to the drug and improve long-term survival, paving the way for new strategies to enhance survival rates.
Researchers identified a mechanism by which seizures increase production of a drug transport protein in the blood-brain barrier, leading to reduced medication effectiveness in epilepsy patients. This discovery offers promising new therapeutic targets to improve treatment outcomes.
MRSA cases have increased 10 times in Denmark over the last decade, with community-acquired strains spreading through family and social networks, says Professor Robert Skov. The Danish health system has introduced guidelines to prevent MRSA transmission, but the rising epidemic remains a concern for public health.
Egyptian scientists have discovered that green tea boosts the effectiveness of antibiotics against superbugs by up to 99.99%, increasing the killing power of chloramphenicol and making 20% of drug-resistant bacteria susceptible to cephalosporin antibiotics.
Data indicate pre-existing lamivudine resistance predisposes patients to higher rates of BARACLUDE resistance. Nucleoside-naive patients experienced a cumulative probability of genotypic resistance of 1.2% through five years.
OHSU Cancer Institute researchers found that SGX393 is effective against Gleevec-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by inhibiting T315I mutant and most, but not all, other Gleevec-resistant mutants. The combination of SGX393 with Sprycel or Tasigna completely suppressed resistance in a pre-clinical study.
Researchers at the University of Leicester have discovered how TB bacteria becomes resistant to isoniazid, a key treatment for the disease. The study reveals that mutations in bacterial enzymes protect it from the treatment, highlighting the importance of understanding drug resistance.
A novel mathematical model predicts a rise in drug-resistant HIV infections among men in San Francisco, but surprisingly reduces the epidemic's severity. The Amplification Cascade Model suggests that resistance to certain classes of drugs will decline, while others will rise, leading to less infectious strains.
The Operation Jupiter collaboration highlights the growing threat of fake pharmaceuticals, particularly in South-East Asia and Africa. Researchers found that counterfeit artesunate tablets contained no active ingredients or dangerously small amounts, contributing to malaria parasite resistance.
A team of researchers has identified a new mechanism that explains why some recurrent ovarian tumors become resistant to treatment with cisplatin and carboplatin. They found that secondary mutations on the BRCA2 gene restore DNA repair function, making cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy.
Researchers identified CDK10 as a key factor in breast cancer treatment resistance, which occurs earlier in tumors expressing low levels of the protein. The study also found that methylation of the CDK10 gene correlates with resistance.
Researchers found that the M2 protein's motion and structure change when treated with amantadine, blocking the flu virus from infecting healthy cells. The study provides insight into developing alternative antiviral drugs for resistant flu strains.
A 13-year study found significant changes in Onchocerca volvulus populations' genetic structure, indicating adaptation to repeated ivermectin treatments. The parasite's resistance to the drug threatens the current control strategy against onchocerciasis.
A new strategy for designing drugs that target resistant viral strains has been discovered by Penn researchers. The M2 protein, located in the viral envelope, forms a long, narrow channel allowing protons to flow into the viral interior, an essential step for infection.
Researchers at University College London used a virtual human simulation to predict the effectiveness of an HIV drug against resistant mutations. The study could lead to tailored treatment approaches for patients developing resistance to their drugs.
Researchers at the University of East Anglia have discovered a genetic pathway that makes cancerous leukaemia cells resistant to treatment. Inhibiting this pathway, called hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), reverts the cells to respond to death-inducing agents.
Nucleonics has initiated a Phase 1 human safety study of its experimental treatment NUC B1000, an expressed interfering RNA-based product designed to target and destroy HBV within infected cells. The therapy aims to reduce viral antigen load and potentially resolve viral infection in patients with mild to moderate disease.
Researchers at University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center report promising early results for bosutinib in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) who have developed resistance to frontline therapy. The drug has shown good efficacy and low toxicity, particularly when compared to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Researchers at Oregon Health & Science University Cancer Institute have discovered a new drug candidate, SGX393, effective against highly resistant mutations in CML. Combining SGX393 with existing drugs Sprycel and Tasigna suppresses resistant growth, raising the possibility of 'cocktail' therapies to prevent drug resistance.
Two drugs, dasatinib and nilotinib, are showing promising results as frontline therapy for newly diagnosed CML patients with high complete cytogenetic response rates of approximately 90% at 6 months. The treatments target a greater variety of genetic variations than imatinib, which has increased the 5-year survival rate for CML patient...
Researchers developed a new method to assess the danger of flu drug resistance emergence, combining human infection data with a mathematical framework. The study found that immune response plays a crucial role in determining the likelihood of resistant infections spreading.
Using fewer drugs in treating malaria could help slow the spread of drug resistance, making patients just as healthy. Longer treatment periods increase resistant parasite numbers, which can lead to shorter lifespan of antimalarial drugs.
A combination of common anti-HIV drugs tenofovir and emtricitabine with nevirapine during labor significantly reduces the risk of HIV-positive pregnant women developing resistance to a class of drugs, potentially improving future treatment options.
A single dose of tenofovir and emtricitabine can substantially reduce non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance mutations in women given intrapartum nevirapine for perinatal HIV prevention. The study found a 53% lower risk of NNRTI mutations in the intervention group compared to controls.
Researchers discovered that peroxynitrite plays a critical role in developing morphine tolerance. Therapeutic manipulation of peroxynitrite can prevent its formation or decomposition to maintain the pain-relieving effect of morphine, reducing side effects and improving patient outcomes.
Researchers found that a combination of infection control measures, including masks, reduced hospitalization time, and improved ventilation, could prevent nearly half of new XDR tuberculosis cases. The study's findings highlight the need for immediate action to address the growing epidemic in South Africa.
Researchers at UMass Medical School are developing new strategies to combat HIV/AIDS, including designing inhibitors that can evade drug resistance. The $8.5M grant will support studies on the structure and function of HIV protease, aiming to create more effective treatments for patients.
Changes in gene expression may cause people to develop a tolerance to inhalants by altering the response of fruit flies to future doses through epigenetic modifications. The research lays groundwork for understanding mechanisms of inhalant addiction and developing treatment methods.
A team of scientists discovered that a cell protein plays a crucial role in protecting cancer cells from chemotherapy drugs. Blocking this protein's expression increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs in lung cancer cells, offering a potential target for improving treatment outcomes.
A study found that Tamiflu is not removed or degraded during normal sewage treatment, leading to high levels of the drug in surrounding waters. This increases the risk of influenza viruses developing resistance to the medication, posing a threat to public health.
Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia have identified 400 genes that can be manipulated to make chemotherapy drug cisplatin more effective. These genes, involved in sphingolipid metabolism, are linked to whether a tumor cell survives or dies after treatment.
Researchers at UC Irvine find Imatinib can kill cancerous stem cells, potentially curing CML under certain circumstances. A mathematical formula helps determine the optimal treatment duration.
Researchers identified two genes that can predict which breast cancer cells will respond to docetaxel chemotherapy and which will resist it. A simple test for docetaxel resistance could be developed, sparing patients from unnecessary side effects and reducing healthcare costs.
The World Antimalarial Resistance Network (WARN) aims to provide a globally co-ordinated effort to tackle malaria. The network will facilitate worldwide monitoring and characterisation of drug resistance, including clinical efficacy, in vitro response, molecular markers, and pharmacological properties.
Binghamton University researchers study archived human blood samples to understand how Plasmodium falciparum evolved resistance to chloroquine. The analysis aims to provide insights for current treatments and future drug development.
Researchers discovered that an experimental multiple sclerosis drug, fingolimod, may also help patients with certain lethal forms of leukemia. The study found that the drug prevents cancer cell development and kills leukemia cells in mouse models, suggesting a promising new approach for treating resistant cases.
Researchers at Stanford Medicine have identified a pattern of gene expression shared by patients who successfully stopped taking anti-rejection drugs. This discovery may allow some transplant patients to reduce or eliminate their lifelong dependence on immunosuppressive drugs, improving their quality of life.
Researchers investigating chronic myeloid leukemia treatment options suggest combining drugs to combat resistance, while others explore targeting prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 for hypertension therapy. Additionally, a study reveals that Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 deficiency prevents abnormal blood vessel formation in the retina.
Researchers suggest treating CML patients with a combination of imatinib and dasatinib to prevent BCR-ABL mutants that are resistant to both drugs. A study found that combining the two drugs can increase time before relapse or decrease chance of cancer return.
Researchers at U of M create Portmanteau Inhibitors, merging antiviral agents into one drug to reduce cost and toxicity. The new approach is less likely to develop resistance from the virus and shows promise in improving treatment outcomes for AIDS patients.
A new study demonstrates that ABT-737 can enhance the combined toxicity of common drugs against leukemia cells, leading to improved treatment outcomes. The results provide hope for children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), a common form of childhood cancer.
Non-compliance with dermatologic treatment is a widespread issue, and physicians can improve compliance by establishing strong patient-physician relations, choosing suitable medications, and using effective education materials. Research shows that addressing non-adherence can lead to better success for patients with psoriasis and other...
Nepalese researchers have identified Gatifloxacin as a more effective and affordable treatment option for drug-resistant typhoid fever. The study, funded by the Wellcome Trust, has significant implications for treating enteric fever in areas with high levels of drug resistance.
Cancer researcher Peter Duesberg's chromosomal theory of cancer suggests that each cancer is unique and resistant to drugs due to aneuploidy, a chromosomal disruption that can be seen easily through a microscope. This theory supports the development of drug resistance in cancer cells.