Articles tagged with Amyloids
A new neurological disease closely resembling Alzheimer's disease, called primary age-related tauopathy (PART), has been defined and established criteria for diagnosis. PART is characterized by cognitive impairment without amyloid plaques, but with neurofibrillary tangles composed of a protein called tau.
Researchers at TSRI have discovered a process that can catch unstable proteins before they form toxic clusters, reducing their secretion and aggregation. The approach targets the Unfolded Protein Response pathway and involves activating transcription factor ATF6 to increase protein folding and trafficking.
Investigators from Massachusetts General Hospital developed a novel culture system that reproduces the full course of events underlying Alzheimer's disease. The system confirms the amyloid hypothesis, which suggests that deposition of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain is the first step in a cascade leading to neurodegenerative disease.
Researchers studied adults with Down syndrome to understand the role of amyloid-β protein in memory and cognitive function. Contrary to expectations, many individuals with elevated amyloid-β levels did not exhibit negative consequences, highlighting the complexity of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that bexarotene reduces amyloid-beta levels in late-stage Alzheimer's mice but increases them in early stages. This study suggests a personalized treatment approach for APOE4 carriers, who may benefit from short-term treatment in later disease stages.
Researchers have developed a new method to measure structurally modified proteins in complex biological samples, enabling the analysis of thousands of proteins. The method uses a combination of digestion enzymes and Selected Reaction Monitoring to quantify protein quantities and determine structural changes.
Researchers found that geniposide, a component of the Chinese herbal formula Tongluojiunao, protects hippocampal neurons from Aβ1-mediated cell death via a non-classical estrogen signaling pathway. This study suggests a new potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.
The study found that high doses of Notch-1 signaling pathway inhibitor prolonged the survival of PC12 cells after Aβ25-35 induction, decreasing apoptosis-related proteins and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. The results suggest a protective effect against amyloid beta-peptide-induced cell death.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have discovered that pre-treatment with the anti-aging protein Klotho can prevent neuron death in the presence of toxic amyloid and glutamate. This finding suggests a potential treatment approach for Alzheimer's disease, which affects millions of Americans.
A novel HIF-1α viral vector effectively reduces apoptosis in primary cultured hippocampal neurons exposed to amyloid-beta protein. This breakthrough may lead to the development of gene therapy as a potential clinical treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
A new study found that amyloid buildup in one brain region can impair metabolism and activity in a distant, unaffected region. The findings suggest a long-distance effect of amyloid pathology on brain function.
Researchers found that a functional autophagy system prevents the accumulation of toxic islet amyloid polypeptide, which can lead to diabetes. In animal models, autophagy-deficient beta cells developed overt diabetes, highlighting the protective role of autophagy in pancreatic beta cell function.
Researchers found that bexarotene reduces levels of neurotoxic protein amyloid-beta in mice with late-stage Alzheimer's, but increases it during early stages. This suggests that treatment timing and duration may be crucial for effectiveness.
Research trials report associations between decreased odor identification and loss of brain cell function, as well as beta-amyloid buildup in the eye with progression to Alzheimer's. Early detection is crucial for intervention and prevention, with promising results suggesting potential methods for early detection in a research setting.
Scientists have observed the creation of temporary intermediate structures during amylin aggregation, which may explain why proteins aggregate into toxic plaques. The new technology using 2D IR spectroscopy helps elucidate the physics and chemistry behind amyloid diseases.
Researchers discovered that amyloid-beta binds to pairs of APP molecules, triggering a signalling cascade that causes elevated neuronal activity in the hippocampus. This hyperactivity damages memory and learning functions and is observed in patients with mild cognitive impairment and early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
A potential Alzheimer's drug has been identified that prevents abnormal blood clots in the brain, which contribute to memory loss and cognitive decline. The compound, RU-505, targets amyloid-β's role in forming clots and shows promise in both test tube experiments and mouse models.
Scientists have identified a compound, 2-PMAP, that reduces amyloid proteins in the brain by over half and may be safe enough to be taken daily. The researchers hope it could be used to ward off Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute found that a protein with a propensity to form aggregates protects against Alzheimer's disease when produced in the brain. Boosting its production specifically in neurons could help ward off Alzheimer's disease, according to the study published in the Journal of Neuroscience.
A molecular compound developed by Saint Louis University scientists has restored learning, memory, and appropriate behavior in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The compound also reduced inflammation in the brain responsible for learning and memory.
A University of Pennsylvania researcher discovered that the common selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram arrested the growth of amyloid beta, a peptide in the brain thought to trigger Alzheimer's development. Citalopram was shown to reduce A-beta concentration and prevent new plaque development in mice and humans.
Researchers found that antidepressant citalopram reduced amyloid beta production in mice and humans, potentially slowing Alzheimer's progression. The study suggests a possible new treatment approach for the devastating disease.
Researchers have found that suppressing hyperactivity of calcium channels alleviated FAD-like symptoms in mice models, indicating a potential therapeutic target. The findings suggest that modulating calcium signaling could be explored as a new approach for treating familial Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers investigated the connection between small-vessel disease and Alzheimer's disease pathology, revealing a possible correlation with cognitive impairment. The study found that small vessel disease may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's-like pathology in the brain.
Research published in Neural Regeneration Research found that geniposide, a component of the Chinese herbal formula Tongluojiunao, protects hippocampal neurons from Aβ-mediated death via non-classical estrogen signaling pathway. This suggests a potential therapeutic application for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
Researchers find prion protein attaches to amyloid-beta peptides, contrary to previous studies, and do not break them down into smaller pieces. This discovery bodes well for a potential approach using prion-protein-based compounds to treat Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have engineered a series of molecules with the potential to treat most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. The GAIM-changing molecules recognize characteristic common to many toxic misfolded proteins and can prevent new aggregates from forming while clearing existing ones.
Researchers identified a new class of compounds, called pharmacologic chaperones, that can increase retromer levels and decrease amyloid-beta levels in cultured hippocampal neurons. The study found these compounds to be relatively non-toxic and showed promise in treating neurologic disease.
Genetically modified neural stem cells have been shown to produce neprilysin, an enzyme that breaks down amyloid-beta, reducing its accumulation in the brain. The approach has shown promising results in two different mouse models, with a significant reduction in amyloid-beta plaques compared to controls.
Researchers develop transgenic flies expressing anti-amyloid antibodies, which reduce neuronal loss and improve eye morphology. A second treatment involving secreted Heat shock protein 70 also shows protective effects, suggesting a new approach to targeting amyloids.
A team of researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital has generated stem cells from skin biopsies of living family members with a genetic predisposition to early-onset Alzheimer's. The study found that the APPV7171 mutation alters amyloid-beta protein generation, Tau protein expression, and phosphorylation, providing new insights into ...
Researchers at Harvard University have successfully converted patient skin cells into human brain cells, offering a new model for studying and developing treatments for early-onset Alzheimer's disease. The study found that preventing amyloid-beta imbalances can reduce levels of distorted tau protein.
A new gene has been isolated that plays a causal role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. The gene affects amyloid-beta protein accumulation, leading to brain damage and disease progression. This breakthrough could lead to new avenues for therapeutic design and early detection methods.
Researchers identified a critical regulator of BACE1, an enzyme involved in Alzheimer's disease pathology. The study found that levels of this regulating protein, Rheb, are decreased in the brains of Alzheimer's patients and may be a significant factor in disease progression.
A recent Alzheimer's trial failed to produce cognitive improvement for volunteers, but researchers have identified key takeaways to inform the development of new treatments. Lessons learned include testing drugs in individuals building up amyloid plaques, giving higher doses safely, and combining disease-modifying treatments.
Researchers have successfully constructed a human Fab library and identified a single-domain antibody that specifically targets amyloid-beta 42 oligomers. This breakthrough discovery offers new hope for treating Alzheimer's disease by reducing amyloid-beta burden and improving memory performance.
A 2-year study found diflunisal reduced neurological impairment and preserved quality of life in familial amyloid polyneuropathy patients compared to placebo. The treatment showed potential benefit in a phase 1 study and is well-tolerated by patients.
A team of researchers has pinpointed a critical intermediate step in the chemical pathway that leads to amyloid fibril formation, which is implicated in type 2 diabetes and other diseases. The findings provide a new target for potential treatment, such as designing an inhibitor drug to block the harmful pathway.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have discovered that misfolded amyloid proteins react to multiphoton irradiation, opening up possibilities for new materials and technologies. These protein aggregates can be tuned for specific purposes and are as hard as steel, but with unique characteristics.
A team of researchers has identified a critical balance point between tau and a master cellular regulator disrupted by amyloid-beta oligomers, driving adult neurons into cell cycle re-entry and eventual death. The study suggests that the protein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 play a key role in regulating this process.
Researchers found that amyloid beta-peptide worsened cognitive impairment following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inducing glycogen synthase kinase 3β and protein phosphatase 2A activity, resulting in tau protein phosphorylation. This study suggests a potential link between Alzheimer's disease and cerebral ischemia.
A recent study found that S14G-humanin inhibits the toxic effects of amyloid-beta protein on hippocampal neurons, restoring cellular balance. The compound's neuroprotective effect is 1,000-fold stronger than humanin.
Researchers at the Buck Institute discovered a link between ApoE4 and SirT1, an anti-aging protein targeted by resveratrol. Increasing SirT1 may prevent Alzheimer's disease-related abnormalities in brain samples from patients with ApoE4 and AD.
Researchers have identified a protective pathway that helps counteract the toxicity associated with Alzheimer's disease. By preventing amyloid-β peptides from interacting with prion protein, stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (STI1) protects neurons from damage.
Researchers at RIKEN Brain Science Institute found that autophagy mediates the formation of amyloid beta plaques, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that autophagy might be a potential drug target for treating the disease.
Researchers have taken detailed images and measurements of a brain protein thought to play a role in Parkinson's disease. The protein morphs from its globular shape into 'protofibril' strands that assemble into pore-like rings.
A study found that copper accelerates the pathology of Alzheimer's disease by disrupting the removal of amyloid beta from the brain and stimulating its production. Copper accumulation can lead to inflammation and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, promoting toxic protein buildup.
Researchers found that amyloid plaque accumulation in the temporal lobe, rather than total amount, is associated with cognitive decline. This pattern of progression may serve as a more powerful biomarker for early detection of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers identify amylin protein deposits in Alzheimer's disease brains, linking it to age-related dementia and Alzheimer's. Amylin accumulation may be therapeutic target for drug development.
Marc Torrent, a researcher at the Medical Research Council, has been recognized for his outstanding work on antimicrobial regions in proteins and aggregation properties of antimicrobial peptides. His algorithm prediction tool is being applied to full genomes to identify new peptide leads.
Researchers found that interactions between tau and amyloid-beta proteins in the brain may worsen Alzheimer's disease progression. The study identified the presence of these protein complexes in human brain tissue and mouse brains with Alzheimer's, suggesting a potential key to understanding the disease.
Researchers found that people with inherited Alzheimer's disease produce 20% more of a specific form of amyloid beta, known as amyloid beta 42. Additionally, the protein drops out of cerebrospinal fluid more quickly in mutation carriers, suggesting a link to brain amyloid plaques.
Researchers found hypometabolism in brain regions associated with Alzheimer's disease, even in cognitively normal subjects with amyloid plaque. This association suggests a potential early indicator of Alzheimer's disease before dementia sets in.
Scientists at the University of Liverpool and Callaghan Innovation have developed a new chemical approach to harness the natural ability of complex sugars to treat Alzheimer's disease. They produced a library of sugars called heparan sulphates, which can inhibit an enzyme that creates small proteins in the brain causing memory loss.
A team of researchers at Lund University has identified the molecular mechanism behind the formation of Alzheimer's disease-causing plaques. The discovery reveals a self-perpetuating and autocatalytic process that creates cell-killing formations, potentially paving the way for new treatments targeting early stages of the disease.
Researchers suggest targeting APPL protein for new Alzheimer's drugs, as it ensures optimal communication between brain cells. This approach may be more effective than solely focusing on breaking down Amyloid beta.
Researchers at Pitt Public Health have found that an anti-cancer drug, bexarotene, significantly improves cognitive deficits in mice with Alzheimer's gene mutations. The study suggests a possible new therapeutic treatment for Alzheimer's disease, although the exact mechanism of action remains unclear.
Researchers found that an anti-cancer drug, bexarotene, did not reduce amyloid plaques in the brains of mice, despite initial claims of its effectiveness in reversing Alzheimer's-like symptoms. The study suggests that further research is needed to understand the nuances of this potential treatment.
Scientists have reevaluated the role of the APOE gene in Alzheimer's disease, finding minimal interaction between APOE and amyloid beta in cerebrospinal fluid. This suggests a need to rethink therapeutic strategies targeting APOE, as current approaches may not be effective.
Researchers have found that high-frequency bursts in the brain improve the ratio of healthy amyloid-beta 40 to unhealthy 42, potentially protecting against Alzheimer's. The study suggests environmental changes and experiences can modify synapse properties, leading to increased production of amyloid-beta 40.