Articles tagged with Metabolism
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Emerging evidence suggests COVID-19 may trigger new-onset diabetes in healthy people and exacerbate pre-existing conditions. The Global Registry aims to understand the relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes, informing treatment strategies.
A recent study found that consuming calories later in the day can worsen glucose tolerance and reduce fat burned. The effects were more pronounced in people with obesity or diabetes, who already have compromised metabolism.
Researchers found that T cells increase their metabolism to survive, contradicting previous assumptions about immune function. The study suggests that targeted interventions like vaccines or immunotherapies could boost T cell immunity in the elderly.
Research at Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing reveals that NFYB-1 regulates mitochondrial function through lysosomal prosaposin, a key factor in cellular longevity. The study used Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism and found that restoring cardiolipins improved worm health.
Researchers have discovered how carboxysomes work and can be accurately measured, leading to potential breakthroughs in renewable fuels production and plant growth. The study also reveals a possible route to developing novel antibiotics targeting bacterial microcompartments.
Researchers found that cool temperatures reduce the appeal of sweetness by activating other sensory cells via protein rhodopsin 6, which is typically associated with light detection. This suppresses communication between sweet-sensing taste neurons and the brain, leading to reduced feeding behavior in fruit flies.
Researchers discovered that microscopic alterations in stem cell niche can predict Crohn's disease recurrence. A therapeutic approach using dichloracetate (DCA) restored intestinal stem cell functionality and maintained the intestinal barrier.
A large-scale study has identified protein network changes that could be developed into treatment targets and fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. The research found that sets of proteins regulating glucose metabolism are strongly associated with Alzheimer's pathology and cognitive impairment.
Researchers found reduced glucose metabolism in the brain stem and primary auditory cortex of patients with asymmetric hearing loss. Long duration of hearing impairment was associated with higher glucose metabolism on the contralateral side.
Scientists at Rutgers University have discovered the protein structures responsible for early life on Earth, including ferredoxin and Rossmann folds. These ancient proteins were crucial for metabolism and chemical signals, paving the way for life to emerge.
A new study introduces Memote, a community-maintained tool to assess and improve metabolic models. It addresses issues such as annotations, conceptual integrity, and experimental validation, promoting openness and collaboration among researchers.
A new Yale study suggests that consuming low-calorie sweeteners with carbohydrates impairs metabolism. The research challenges the 'uncoupling hypothesis' and instead finds that sucralose can cause problematic metabolic responses when paired with carbs.
A new study by Dr. Martina Preiner and colleagues simulates the emergence of life in a lab environment using hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide as starting materials. The team found that these simple chemical reactions can produce the same building blocks used by early cells, providing insight into the origins of life.
The study found improvements in brain metabolism and self-reported cognitive function improvements in patients with multiple sclerosis. N-acetylcysteine administration increased cerebral glucose metabolism and enabled neurons to recover some of their metabolic function.
Regular aerobic exercise training improves brain glucose metabolism and higher-order thinking abilities, including executive function. The study suggests that exercise can potentially enhance brain and cognitive functions that are sensitive to Alzheimer's disease.
A new study by The Endocrine Society reveals that women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) suffer from poor health and quality of life in their late forties, primarily due to ongoing mental health concerns. Women with PCOS have lower life satisfaction and poorer health compared to those without the condition.
Researchers have developed a new scanning technique using magnetized molecules to monitor breast cancer, detecting differences in tumor size, type, and grade. The scan reveals the 'topography' of tumors, providing detailed information on metabolism and identifying potential treatment options.
A team of Russian scientists found that adding micromolar selenium doses to hydroponic substrate increases the levels of useful biologically active compounds in sweet basil leaves. This concentration is safe for the plant, leading to higher antioxidant levels and enhanced nutritional properties.
Researchers found that xanthohumol and its derivatives can decrease microbiome diversity while reducing inflammation and improving energy metabolism in laboratory animals with high-fat diets. The study suggests that hops compounds may help combat metabolic syndrome by altering bile acid metabolism and changing gut microbiota.
A study published by Professor Henrik Oster suggests that daily stress coupled with a disrupted internal clock increases the risk of developing metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is because environmental stress can affect food intake, promote weight gain, and have long-lasting effects on stress responses.
Researchers studied mammal vertebral columns and found discrete steps in complexity, linking increased activity levels to evolution. Complex spines evolved in bursts, influencing breathing, metabolism, and movement, shaping modern mammals' traits.
Researchers found that a pathogenic fungus alters the metabolism of its host algae, producing carbolines that benefit the fungus while harming the algae. The study sheds light on the complex interactions between microorganisms and their hosts in oceanic ecosystems.
A new Finnish study published in Nature Metabolism challenges the long-held mitochondrial theory of aging by proposing that compromised nuclear DNA maintenance is responsible for accelerated aging. The study found that Mitutor mice, which harbor a defective polymerase-gamma enzyme, present with pronounced mtDNA mutagenesis and accelera...
Scientists created a human milk fat substitute from seed oil by modifying its metabolism to produce triacylglycerols with a specific fatty acid structure. This innovation could provide a cheap and sustainable source of human milk fat substitute for infant formula.
Researchers have discovered that bar-headed geese are able to fly high for long periods of time by reducing their metabolism in low-oxygen conditions. The study found that six out of seven birds could fly in moderately low-oxygen levels and three were willing to fly in severely low-oxygen conditions.
Researchers challenge widespread misconceptions about nighttime eating and weight gain, finding protein consumption before bed has no effect on belly fat metabolism or whole-body fat burn in active women. Contrary to previous beliefs, a high-protein snack at night can actually have beneficial effects on fat release and metabolism.
Researchers analyzed 83 randomized controlled trials involving 121,070 people with and without diabetes. They found that increasing long-chain omega-3 fats had little or no effect on likelihood of diabetes diagnosis or glucose metabolism. In contrast, higher doses of long-chain omega-3 may have negative effects on diabetes risk.
A systematic review of over 58,000 participants found that consuming more long-chain omega-3 fats from fish oils had no impact on diabetes diagnosis or glucose metabolism. However, high doses may worsen glucose metabolism in some individuals.
Researchers investigated how insects, such as crickets and locusts, respond to different dry feed variants containing cornstarch, protein-rich cowpea leaves and vitamin-enriched carrot powder. The study found immense species-specific differences in metabolism and digestion between the two insect species.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens found that HIV-infected cells release a viral protein called Nef, impairing cholesterol metabolism and triggering inflammation in uninfected bystander cells. This impairment causes the formation of excessive lipid rafts and triggers inflammation, potentially contributing to various co-morbidities ass...
Research reveals preterm infants with growth failure have altered gut bacteria and delayed metabolic development, which may be treated through individualized interventions. The study's findings offer new insights into predicting and preventing growth failure in premature infants.
Researchers reverse-engineered a primordial protein and inserted it into a living bacterium, successfully powering its metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The discovery sheds light on the origins of metabolism and has implications for synthetic biology and bioelectronics.
A new study by University of Arizona researchers suggests that ALS patients may benefit from more glucose, as it can help increase energy production and improve cellular function. The findings, published in eLife, reveal that when ALS-affected neurons are given more glucose, they are able to survive longer and function better.
A study of thousands of patients found that statin users had more than double the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The analysis revealed a dose-dependent relationship between statin use and diabetes diagnosis.
Coral and algal symbiotic relationships are crucial for reef construction. Researchers analyzed cellular processes in anemones hosting native and non-native dinoflagellate algae to understand preferential relationships and potential for revival of bleached coral communities. They found elevated protein expression associated with nutrie...
Researchers at Houston Methodist have identified a new regulatory mechanism in zebrafish models that leads to high levels of LDL cholesterol, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. The study suggests targeting this protein using its antagonist could reduce white blood cell counts and bring down the risk of heart disease.
Researchers at Binghamton University are developing a new power source from human sweat, aiming to create self-powered electronic skins. The project uses metabolisms of sweat-eating bacteria to transform chemical energy into electrical power.
Researchers have developed a biosynthetic dual-core cell computer using CRISPR-Cas9 components, enabling scalable and flexible computing. This biological system can process up to 100,000 different metabolic molecules per second, far surpassing previous cell computers.
Researchers developed DASH materials that exhibit metabolism, self-assembly, and organization - key traits of life. The biomaterial autonomously emerges from nanoscale building blocks, grows, and decays, allowing it to perpetuate dynamic processes.
Researchers create green fluorescent protein-based biosensors to probe energy metabolism in living cells, enabling multicolor imaging and visualization of multiple molecules. The sensors achieve up to a seven-fold increase in fluorescent brightness in response to glucose concentrations.
A systematic review suggests that vitamin C administration can decrease ICU length of stay by an average of 7.8%, with higher doses reducing duration by up to 8.6%. Vitamin C's role in energy metabolism and cardiovascular system makes it a promising intervention for critically ill patients.
Researchers at Ohio State University College of Medicine have identified a metabolic process in the heart that, if treated, could prevent or slow the progression of heart failure. By normalizing a reactive fat compound called acyl-CoA, the hearts retained their ability to burn fat and generate energy.
Researchers identified 727 genes in fat tissue that express their own circadian rhythm, many carrying out key metabolic functions. Morning-peaking transcripts regulate gene expression and nucleic acid biology, while evening-peaking transcripts are associated with redox activity and organic acid metabolism.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have discovered a novel role of NAD+ metabolism in promoting tumor growth and progression in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. Cellular senescence, a process that stops cells from dividing, can also produce proinflammatory molecules that promote tumor growth.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center found that exercise causes dramatic changes to fat, releasing factors into the bloodstream that improve glucose tolerance. The study identified transforming growth factor beta 2 as an adipokine released from fat that has positive effects on health.
PET scans reveal female brains are metabolically 3-4 years younger than males, affecting resilience to neurodegeneration. Sex differences in metabolic brain aging may influence later life outcomes.
Scientists at Helmholtz Munich found a transcription factor called Tbx3 that plays a pivotal role in maintaining energy and sugar metabolism. Its absence leads to an identity crisis of satiety neurons, resulting in obesity.
Researchers discovered that specific gut cells, intraepithelial T lymphocytes, limit the availability of hormones that speed up metabolism, leading to slowed metabolic rates and increased risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. The study's findings could pave the way for new therapeutic avenues to treat related conditions.
A recent study from Arizona State University uses breath and hair analysis to understand metabolism and calories burned during exercise. The results show that people burn fat in the morning and switch to burning carbohydrates during moderate exercise, regardless of their diet.
Researchers found that participants who completed mindfulness training lost an average of 3 kilograms more than those who did not attend the course. The study suggests that mindfulness techniques can help improve eating behavior and facilitate successful weight loss in individuals with obesity.
Researchers found that mitochondrial DNA influences cellular metabolism and susceptibility to metabolic diseases. Switching mitochondrial genetic backgrounds in mice showed significant impacts on adiposity, whole body metabolism, and nuclear gene expression.
Researchers at Sahlgrenska Academy discovered that gut microbiota in people with type 2 diabetes produces a substance impairing insulin response. This finding highlights the importance of diet and gut microbiota interaction in understanding metabolism in health and disease.
A new study by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has identified new regulators of nitrogen use in plants, which may lead to the development of crops better suited to thrive under different environmental conditions. The researchers found that eliminating certain genes can stunt plant growth and distort roots when nitrogen is scarce.
Researchers at UC Davis and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered a gene network that enables plant roots to efficiently take up and metabolize nitrogen. This breakthrough could lead to the development of crop varieties that need less fertilizer or make better use of it, reducing environmental impacts.
Research found that six weeks of endurance exercise altered the gut microbiota, decreasing inflammation-causing Proteobacteria and increasing Akkermansia, a genus linked to enhanced metabolism. Exercise also improved cardiometabolic health by reducing VLDL particles.
The University of Freiburg has been granted two Clusters of Excellence, CIBSS and livMatS, with funding of up to 100 million euros over seven years. The clusters will focus on biological signalling studies and bioinspired materials research.
Researchers studied thermodynamics of small nanomachines and found that synchronizing their movements triggers significant synergy effects, leading to greater overall energy output. The findings could potentially be used to improve efficiency of any machine.
A team at Princeton's Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics has produced new resources for studying the biology of multicellular organisms. The researchers analyzed gene activity patterns in four major tissues and developed a tool to predict gene expression across cell types.
Untreated gestational diabetes after pregnancy is associated with development of glucose metabolism disorders in mothers, but not childhood overweight/obesity. The study found that new criteria for gestational diabetes diagnosis may be relevant in assessing maternal risk.
Renewable biofuels have huge potential, but two main challenges need to be overcome: developing efficient microbial cell factories and converting biomass into sugars. The study suggests that improving these processes could make biomass-derived hydrocarbons a real alternative to fossil fuels.